Qub Lavxias Lavxias Lavxias: Cov khaub ncaws, riam phom thiab khoom siv

Txhua qhov kev sib haum xeeb muaj ciam teb uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab encroachments, qhov no xav tau ib txwm nyob rau hauv loj Slavic settlements. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Ancient Rus, tsis sib haum xeeb dua lub teb chaws sib nrug, nws yog tsim nyog los tua tsis tsuas nrog rau kev hem, tab sis kuj nrog khub tribesmen. Kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov thawj coj pab tsim lub teb chaws zoo, uas tau tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog Laus Lavxias sawv los nyob rau hauv ib lub chij thiab pom lub ntiaj teb tag nrho lawv lub zog thiab lub siab tawv.

Druzhina

Lub Slavs yog ib tus neeg muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, yog li cov tub rog Laus Lavxias yeej tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntau ntawm cov neeg qee hom neeg. Ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm nws lub tsev tau los ua rogatins, axes, riam thiab cudgels. Cov khoom siv tub rog, kev siv riam phom tshwm sim maj mam, thiab nws muaj ntau lub hom phiaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm nws tus tswv tshaj li qhov raug mob. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua, ntau Slavic pab pawg neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev, leej twg sau se thiab tivthaiv qhov chaw uasi hauv kev tswj los ntawm kev txeeb chaw ntawm cov neeg steppe, Swedes, Byzantines, Mongols, koom siab. Ib pawg tub rog yog tsim los, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 30% ntawm cov tub rog (feem ntau mercenaries: Varangians, Pechenegs, Germans, Hungarian) thiab tub rog (tub rog). Thaum lub sijhawm no lub caij nyoog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab qub tau muaj qws, ib rab hmuv, ib rab ntaj. Kev tiv thaiv lub teeb tsis txwv kev txav mus los thiab muab kev ywj pheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev nce mus. Lub ntsiab txhais caj npab cov kev pab cuam yog tus infantry, nees raug siv tau raws li pob tsiaj thiab rau delivering cov tub rog mus ua tub rog. Cov cav hlau yog tsim tom qab tsis sib haum nrog cov neeg hauv steppe, uas tau zoo heev tus neeg caij tsheb.

Kev tiv thaiv

Qub Lavxias tsov rog tau hnav tsho thiab cov chaw nres nkoj, cov neeg Nyab Laj tuaj txog ntawm Rus "ntawm 5th - 6th centuries, thiab hnav hauv cov khau bast. Thaum lub sij hawm Russo-Byzantine tsov rog, tus yeeb ncuab raug ntaus los ntawm lub siab tawv thiab kev ua siab loj ntawm "Rus", uas tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog shields thiab siv lawv tib lub sij hawm nrog riam phom. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug "kuyak" tau tshwm sim, uas yog lub tsho muaj lub tsho zoo nkauj, nws muaj hlua ntawm daim hlau los ntawm nees hooves los yog daim tawv tawv. Tom qab ntawd, hlau phaj tau siv los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev ntaus cov tshuab thiab ntaus cov yeeb ncuab.

Shield

Qhov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab tub rog yog lub teeb, nws tau muab kev tswj ceev, tab sis tib lub sijhawm txo cov kev ntsuas ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Loj ntoo shields tau siv los ntawm ib tug neeg Slavic los ntawm ancient sij hawm. Lawv them tus tub rog lub taub hau, yog li ntawd muaj ib lub qhov nyob hauv qaum sab rau qhov muag. Txij thaum xyoo pua 10 lub shields tau ua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig zoo, lawv them nrog hlau, lawv them nrog tawv thiab decorated nrog ntau generic cim. Raws li cov Byzantine historians, cov Russians tsim ib phab ntsa ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog uas nruj sib nrug sib koom ua ke thiab cov tub rog tawm suab. Xws li tactics tsis pub cov chaw tshaj tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab mus ua txhaum hauv lub tsheb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv 100 xyoo daim ntawv adapts mus rau ib tug tshiab zoo ntawm cov tub rog - tub rog caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Shields ua almond puab, muaj ob nce, tsim kom muaj nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua thiab nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj. Nrog rau hom khoom no, cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab qub tau mus rau ntawm kev nce thiab sawv los tiv thaiv lawv cov av ua ntej qhov tsim muaj phom. Ntau cov kab lig kev cai thiab legends yog txuam nrog shields. Ib txhia ntawm lawv mus txog hnub no yog "winged". Cov tub rog poob los thiab raug mob tau raug coj mus tsev rau lawv cov ntaub thaiv npog, thaum thau tawm rov ua rau lawv ntawm tus taw ntawm cov caum qab taug kev. Ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm tus swb poob Tsavrad Prince Oleg hangs lub shield.

Nyiam

Qub Lavxias Lavxias cov tub rog tau hnav lub taub hau ntawm lawv lub taub hau ua ntej 9 - 10th centuries, uas tsis tiv thaiv lawv ntawm cov nyiag nkas ntaus tus yeeb ncuab. Cov thawj phom, pom los ntawm archaeologists, tau ua raws li Norman hom, tab sis lawv tsis siv nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntau lub tswv yim thiab yog li ntawd dav siv yog qhov kev sib conical. Lub kaus mom hlau hauv qhov riveted ntawm plaub daim hlau hlau, lawv tau decorated nrog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab plaub (los ntawm noble warriors lossis tus kav nroog). Xws li ib daim ntawv tso cai rau ntaj swb, tsis ua rau ib tus neeg raug mob loj heev, balaclava ntawm tawv lossis muaj qhov muag tshuab. Hloov lub kaus mom hlau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv: barmitsa (xa ntawv mesh), nasonek (hlau phaj). Kev siv tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm masks (larvae) nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib rarity, feem ntau lawv trophy kaus mom, uas tau siv nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws. Kev piav qhia ntawm tus qub rog Lavxias teb sab qub, tsom kwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, qhia tias cov neeg tsis tau nkaum, tab sis yuav ntsib tus yeeb ncuab nrog ib tus neeg saib me me. Nyiam nrog ib nrab qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tau ua rau noble thiab muaj tub rog yeej, lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus paub meej uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Chain-mail

Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub vestments ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab tub rog, raws li archaeological excavations, tshwm nyob rau hauv VII - VIII caug xyoo. Lub xa ntawv yog ib lub tsho los ntawm hlau rings, nruj nreem txuas rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov masters los kuj tsis yooj yim rau kev tiv thaiv, qhov haujlwm yog nyias thiab siv sij hawm ntev. Cov hlau tau dov mus rau hauv ib lub xaim, los ntawm cov uas tais thiab cov hlua khi hlua khi, ua kom sib raws li lub tswv yim 1 mus rau 4. Yam tsawg 20-25 txhiab rings mus tsim ib cov ntawv xa xov, qhov nyhav uas yog 6 mus txog 16 kilograms. Rau decoration nyob rau hauv lub canvas interwoven tooj liab txuas. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua XII, kev xuas tes xuas tshuab siv, thaum siv cov npoo braided tau flattened, uas yog muab qhov chaw tiv thaiv loj. Lub sijhawm ntawd cov saw hlau xa ntev dua, ntxiv cov qauv ntawm cov ris tsho tshwm: cov ntsia hlau (iron, woven stockings), lub barmaid (caj dab mesh), lub bracers (hnab looj tes ua hlau). Lawv muab tso rau ntawm quilted khaub ncaws kom pauv, nplawm lub zog ntawm lub tshuab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia thov lamellar (phaj) armor. Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm ib lub hauv paus (lub tsho) ntawm tawv, on uas nyias hlau slats tau tightly txuas. Lawv ntev yog 6 - 9 centimeters, dav los ntawm 1 mus rau 3. Cov tub rog phom maj mam hloov cov ntawv xa khoom thiab txawm muag rau lwm lub teb chaws. Nyob hauv teb chaws Asmelikas, kev sib tsoo thiab cov saw nris feem ntau tau ua ke. Yushman, tus fighter tau hauberkas tseem zoo, uas tau nkag nrog plates rau lawv cov chests lug txhim khu lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv. Thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua ib yam tshiab ntawm armor - Daim iav. Hlau phaj ntawm loj loj, txhuam kom ci ntsa iab, raws li txoj cai, tau hnav dua cov ntawv xa khoom. Ntawm ob sab thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg, lawv txuas nrog ntawm tawv straps, feem ntau decorated nrog ib tug txawv hom ntawm lub cim.

Riam phom

Tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws qub ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog qub tsis yog kev ua kom tsis muaj zog, tiam sis yog lub teeb, uas ua kom ntau dua maneuverability ntawm cov tub rog thiab tua neeg hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm Byzantines, "Rusichi" yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub cev loj zog. Nyob rau hauv 5th - 6th centuries, cov riam phom ntawm peb cov ancestors yog heev txheej thaum ub, siv rau kev sib ntaus los sib ntaus. Ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab, nws hnyav hnyav hnyav thiab ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab. Cov evolution ntawm riam phom coj qhov chaw tiv thaiv cov nraub qaum ntawm cov kev ua hauj lwm kev lag luam thiab kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntaus los. Txawb cov tshuab, cov cav tov, tho thiab cov cuab yeej hlau tau siv ntau pua xyoo, thiab lawv tsim tau zoo tas li. Qee cov kev nrhau tau txais los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws, tiam sis Lavxias tus tswv tsev thiab cov phom tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj thiab kev ntseeg ntawm lub nruab.

Qhov cuam tshuam

Riam phom rau kev sib ntaus los sib raug zoo yog paub rau txhua tus neeg, thaum kaj ntug ntawm kev vam meej, nws cov hom kab yog cov mace. Qhov no yog lub koomhaum hnyav, uas nyob rau hauv lub kawg hloov mus ua hlau. Muaj qee zaum, hlau ua rau hlau los yog nails tshwm. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm yog hais nrog rau lub club mace, lub thib rau, lub kisten. Vim lub simplicity ntawm chaw ua khoom thiab ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los, feem riam phom twb thoob plaws. Lub ntaj thiab sab hnub tuaj yog ib feem ntawm lub siab, tab sis cov tub rog thiab tub rog tseem pheej siv nws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov neeg sau keeb kwm tsim nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv coj zoo li ib tug txiv neej uas raug hu ua ib tug rog Lavxias teb qub thaum ub. Cov duab ntawm cov kev txua ntxiv, thiab cov duab ntawm cov neeg siab phem uas tau ploj mus rau hnub no, yuav tsum muaj qee hom kev ntaus riam phom, feem ntau ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm no yog lub legendary mace.

Slashing, stitching

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm ancient Russia, ntaj yog ntawm tseem ceeb heev. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hom loj ntawm kev ua tsov rog, tab sis kuj yog lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm princess. Cov riam siv tau ntau ntau hom, lawv hnav cov npe ntawm qhov chaw hnav: zasapozhnye, duav, hauv qab-eeb. Lawv tau siv, nrog rau ib tug hniav ntaj hniav riam thiab ib tug mace. Riam phom ntawm ancient warrior hloov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua X, hloov rab ntaj tuaj saber. Nws ntaus yam ntxwv tau raug kwv yees los ntawm Russians nyob rau hauv cov battles nrog lub nomads, leej twg borrowed daim ntawv. Spears thiab rogatina muaj rau feem ntau hom kev xo phom, uas tau ntse siv los ntawm cov tub rog ua defensive thiab kev ua phem. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv parallel, lawv hloov tsis xwm yeem. Rogatins yog maj mam hloov los ntawm cov phev, uas tau nce siab hauv cov lus cog tseg. Cov xo fought tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg peeb zeej (tub rog thiab tub rog), tab sis kuj yog cov thawj tub rog. Nyob rau hauv equestrian warriors hom riam phom tau ib tug luv luv kov, infantry (warriors) siv siv nyob rau ntev shafts. Berdysh (taus nrog ib tug dav hniav) nyob rau hauv lub XIII - XIV xyoo pua ua ib tug riam phom Strelets pab tub rog. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub halberd.

Phom loj

Tag nrho cov nyiaj siv txhua hnub ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab tom tsev yog siv los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias ua rog. Nyuj tau ua los ntawm lub horn ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsim hom ntoo (birch, juniper). Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau ntau tshaj ob meters ntev. Mus khaws lub xib xub siv lub xub pwg nyom, uas tau ua los ntawm tawv, tej zaum yuav decorated nrog brocade, precious thiab semiprecious pob zeb. Rau ntawm zus ntawm cov siv xub ntiag, dej ntim, pob zeb, cov ntoo, los ntawm cov kab uas tsau ib qho hlau taub. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10, tus tsim nyo hau yog qhov nyuaj, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim nws yog kev ua hauj lwm-intensive. Hneev twb zoo tshaj zoo ntawm projectile riam phom. Lawv rho tawm tau tsawg dua ntawm hluav taws, tab sis lub plua plav (siv los ua ib txoj hlua) ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau ntxiv rau tus yeeb ncuab, piercing armor thaum ntaus. Nws tsis yooj yim rau kev ntom ntiv tes, txawm muaj zog rau cov tub rog uas tau so ntawm nws nrog lawv ko taw. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua XII kom ceev nrooj thiab pab txhawb txoj haujlwm no pib siv cov nqe lus sib txuas, uas siv hlua khi rau ntawm txoj siv. Ua ntej lub invention ntawm fire- caj npab bows, hneev, hneev twb siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Khoom siv

Cov neeg txawv teb chaws uas tau mus xyuas lub nroog Lavxias lub zos ntawm 12th-13th centuries tau ras nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas warriors tau nruab. Rau tag nrho cov khaus loj armor (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hnyav cavalry), neeg tsav tsheb tau yooj yim coped nrog ntau yam dej num. Zaum hauv lub eeb, tus tub rog yuav tuav lub reins (los txiav txim tus nees), tua ib xub los yog ib rab hneev thiab npaj rab phom hnyav rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cavalry yog ib qho kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, yog li yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib tw thiab ib tug nees yuav tsum yooj yim, tab sis check. Lub hauv siab, croup thiab ob sab ntawm tus ntaus nees tau them nrog tshwj xeeb npog, uas tau ua los ntawm daim ntaub nrog sewn hlau daim hlau. Cov khoom siv ntawm tus qub rog Lavxias teb sab tau xav los ntawm qhov qhia me tshaj plaws. Saddles, ua los ntawm cov ntoo, cia tus neeg siv coj tig rov qab rau hauv qhov kev coj thiab tua ntawm tag nrho cov ceev, thaum tswj kev coj ntawm lub zog ntawm tus nees. Tsis zoo li cov European warriors ntawm lub sij hawm, tag nrho armored nyob rau hauv tsom iav, lub teeb armor ntawm Russians yog taw qhia kom sib ntaus sib tua tus nomads. Nyob rau hauv cov nom noob tswv, princes, vaj, armor thiab armor yog ntaus los thiab parade, uas tau zoo nkauj decorated thiab muab nrog lub cim ntawm lub xeev. Lawv tau txais txawv teb chaws txawv teb chaws thiab mus rau cov hnub caiv.