High hlau steel: ib tug hauj lwm, ib tug vuam tshuab, nta thiab labeling

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm yog heev yooj yim mus overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm metallurgy khoom yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, kev tsim kho, raug housewares, tsev neeg siv. Tab sis tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau alloyed steels, tsis muaj uas ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lag luam (tshuab-tsev, petrochemical, lub zog, zaub mov ua, zus tau tej cov tshwj xeeb designs, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob) yuav tsis tau ua nws yooj yim zog.

Cov lus nug tshwm sim: dab tsi yog qhov hlau steel, nws alloys? Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug faib ntawm lub alloying hais? Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv thiab thaj chaw ntawm high-hlau steel? No thiab ib co lwm yam teeb meem peb yuav sim ntau li ntau tau ncauj lus kom ntxaws cov lus teb nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub alloy steel?

Cia peb ua ntej nrhiav seb yog dab tsi yog cov hlau. Alloy steel - ib tug hlau hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau lub ntsiab txhua yam thiab lub cev thaj chaw ntawm lub kawg khoom ntawm metallurgical kev lag luam. Lub ntsiab uas yog ntxiv rau cov tswv yim yooj hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg, hu ua dopants. Chrome, npib tsib xee, vanadium, manganese, tooj liab - lawv thawj pab pawg neeg.

hom steel

Muaj yog ib tug faib ntawm lub alloying hais, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lawv cov feem pua ntawm cov hlau:

• High alloyed steel - 10-50%.
• Srednelegirovannoj - 2.5-10%.
• Qhov tsawg hlau - txog li 2.5%.

Hom: high-hlau steel, alloys

Xav txog lwm nthuav taw tes. High alloyed hlau thiab nws alloys kuj muaj ib tug cais. Txhua yam ntawm cov nram no hom yog siv nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob:

• Thaum tshav kub kub resistant los yog refractory hlau.
• Corrosion-resistant.

Raws li cov feem pua ntawm cov alloying caij, lub nram qab no:

• Chrome Manganese hlau.
• Chrome-npib tsib xee.
• Chrome.

Kev siv ntawm high-hlau steels

Tib yam siv qhov twg ib tug hlau? High-hlau steel thiab lawv alloys yog qhov tseem ceeb cheebtsam hauv zus tau tej cov ntau yam khoom. Cov nram qab no industries ua tsis tau tsis muaj lawv cov kev siv:

• Tshuaj.
• Roj kev lag luam.
• Neeg kho tshuab engineering.
• Siv cov kev faib.
• Raug designs, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hostile ib puag ncig (kub, extremes).

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm alloying ntsiab ua rau nws tau mus cuag tej yam txhua yam khoom. Yog li ntawd, high-hlau steel yog siv raws li tus mob khaub thuas-resistant Cheebtsam. Heev feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlau engineering kev lag luam. Cov feem nrov yog high-hlau austenitic steels, muaj raws ntawm alloyed tivthaiv uas occupies txog 55%, thiab tus so - hlau, chromium (hais txog 18%), npib tsib xee (8%). Alloying Cheebtsam ntawm no muaj pes tsawg leeg txiav txim los ntawm ntxiv lub hom phiaj ntawm manufactured khoom.

Kev siv cov corrosion-resistant steel

Corrosion-resistant high-hlau steels yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug roj cua los yog alkaline acid. Cov yam ntxwv txawv yog txo carbon cov ntsiab lus - kwv yees li 0,12%. Ntxiv alloying thiab thermal kho mob pub kom tau ib tug tshwj xeeb hlau uas yuav tiv taus lub txhoj puab heev tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug roj los yog ib tug ua kua hlau ib puag ncig.

Siv steels muaj tungsten los yog molybdenum thaum 7% thiab boron yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub kub txog li 1100 degrees. Tungsten thiab molybdenum - hais tias txheeb tus cuj. Yuav kom nce lub oxidation kuj ntawm cov khoom li alloying ntsiab no ntxiv rau cov pob zeb ntais los sis txhuas. Tej lug yuav siv tau raws li cov cua kub hais los yog lub tshuab cua sov.

Main yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau

High alloyed steel muaj zog thiab cov yam ntxwv uas cia ntau dua kev siv ntawm manufactured khoom. Tej steels muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

• Zog (tiav los ntawm tshav kub kev kho mob).
• Lub xeb kuj.
• Kuj mus deformation dab.
• Ductility (piv rau cov hlau ductility ntawm lub sij hawm ntau).
• Nonmagnetic (steel siv nyob rau hauv engineering).
• Elasticity.
• Tempered.
• Weldability.

Vim lub fact tias cov mis yog txawv hlau, ntau yam khoom no tau. Tus qauv yog yooj yim hloov vim tshav kub kev kho mob thiab alloying Cheebtsam. Yog li, nws yog ua tau kom tau cov khoom yuav tsum tau rau cov cua ntsawj ntshab tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, high-18% chromium steel yuav muaj raws li ib feem ntawm npib tsib xee, uas ua rau nws tau mus nrhiav tau xeb kuj thiab txias brittleness.

Vuam high-hlau steels ua rau nws tau mus nrhiav tau cov khoom uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov huab cua. Yog li ntawd, shtamposvarki txoj kev tso cai rau kev siv ntawm cov khoom muag kawg nyob rau hauv ib tug critically uas tsis muaj kub - cia mus rho 253 degrees Celsius. Tshwj xeeb ua tso cai rau kom muab tau silicon ferrosilidy uas tau khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv muaj zog acids (nitric, phosphoric thiab lwm tus).

High alloyed steel txawv hardness, siab puas muaj peev xwm. Yog li, acid-resistant ntaub ntawv yog - C15 thiab C17, thiab chromium, vanadium thiab manganese kom cov coj kuj ntawm lub alloy.

Hom ntawm high-hlau steels rau thermal zog

Raws li cov thermal yam ntxwv, yog li nram qab no kev faib:

• Platinum (EN42) - yog siv rau zus tau tej cov electrodes, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv incandescent teeb. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov expansion coefficient yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub khob.
• Elinvars (H8N36) - zoo tagnrho rau cov saib springs thiab seev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub ywj modulus yog qhov thiab yog tsis pov tseg ntawm kub ntawm -50 mus +100 degrees Celsius.
• Invar (I36) - yog siv rau zus tau tej cov qauv, gauge ntsiab, raws li cov expansion coefficient yog sib npaug zos rau zero.

Entertaining khoom teejtug uas yog xeb hlau (tsuas high-hlau stainless steel) yog magnetic. Yog li ntawd qhov txawv ntawm nonmagnetic thiab sib nqus hom xws hlau. Tus thawj yog muab faib ua magnetically mos mos thiab nyuaj magnetic subspecies, thiab rau tom kawg yog muaj li ntawm cobalt, chromium.

Standard: high-hlau steels

xws muaj zog hlau thiab refractory hlau yuav tsum yog tswj los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov kev cai, namely los ntawm GOST 5632-72.

Hom high-hlau steels

Cov feem nrov thiab zoo-paub yog cov nram qab no hom ntawm steel :

• Ferrite: 15H28, 12H17, 08Kh18T1, 15H25T, 08H18Tch, 10H13SYU.
• Martensitic: 15H11MF, 40H9S2, 18H11MNFB, 40H10S2M, 95X18, 25H13N2, 20H17N2, 13H11N2V2MF, 40X13, 20X13, 20H17N2, 13H14N3V2FR.
• Austenitic-martensitic: 07H16N6, 08H17N5M3, 08H17N6T, 09H17N7YU1.
• Austenitic-ferritic: 08H21N6M2T, 08H22N6T, 08H20N14S2, 20H23N13, 12H21N5T, 03H22N6M2.
• Martensitic-ferritic: 12H13, 18H12VMBFR, 14H17N2, 15H12VNMF.
• Austenitic: 05H18N10T, 45H22N4M3, 45H14NMV2M, 10H14G14N4T, 03H18N10T, 08H16N13M2B, 12H18N12T, 03H18N12, 03H16N15M3B, 10H11N23T3MR, 20H23N18, 10H11N20T2R, 12X18H9T, 12H18N9, 20H25N20S2.

Kev siv ntawm alloy steels:

• 40X13, 30Ch13 - siv rau carburetor koob, springs rau tsheb, phais seev.
• 12H17 - hom high-hlau steel, yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua chav ua noj lauj kaub tais diav thiab tsev neeg cov khoom.
• 20H13, 12H13, 08H13 - siv los tsim hydraulic sib hais, lug uas khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj kev txhoj puab heev tej yam kev mob.
• 95X18 - siv rau zus tau tej cov nyuaj heev pob.