Cov kws sau paj lug Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: biography, creativity

Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet kws sau paj lug Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky yug nyob ze St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo (tam sim no - lub nroog ntawm Pushkin), 10 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1895. Yog li ntawd, hauv tsab xov xwm nws twb destined rau cia: nws txiv qhia cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas tus thawj coj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm mentors - Innokentiy Annensky. Muaj koj tau ntsib Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky thiab Nikolaem Gumilovym, uas nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv nws kawm, thiab qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej, nws suav hais tias cov ob tug neeg nrog nws lub ntsiab xib fwb.

Txoj kev mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas

Domestic, raws li zoo raws li high-tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm tau ib qho zoo heev kws sau paj lug, tom qab nws nkag mus hauv lub University ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab Philology. Thaum Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky enthusiastically kawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, tus thawj lub ntiaj teb. thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug tuaj cia li ua ntej tsov rog, "lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo". Ib tug thawj ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky muaj lub sij hawm los qhia tawm (tab sis tsis yog siv nws) plaub lub xyoos ua ntej lawm - nyob rau hauv 1910, thaum nws cov kwv huam tau nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Lub Apprentice."

Nws muaj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub sij hawm! Nyob ze yog tus poj niam chav xyaum tes taw, qhov chaw uas nws kawm yav tom ntej Akhmatova, thiab tsis tau txawj ntse ntxhais anyà Gorenko - Vsevolod phooj ywg rau ntau, ntau xyoo. Tsarskoye selo muaj ib tug poetic tshawb: cov neeg ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb no-nrov palaces thiab chaw ua si - cov splendor ntawm Versailles, qhov txhia chaw diffused kev sib raug zoo, poetic kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev kaj siab rau lub qhov muag. lub kws sau paj lug tus plig yog hos - aesthetic tej yam uas nyob ib ncig muab nyob mus ib txhis yees rau elegance, kev zoo nkauj thiab transparency. Thiab verses Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky sau xwb xws li permeated yam hometown kev sib raug zoo thiab unhurried txoj kev tshav ntuj. Pushkinskaya Muse ob peb tug cov "tsarskosolov" tsis stirs tus ntsuj plig.

cov niam txiv

Cov loj tshaj plaws rau lub poetic saj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug muaj nws niam, uas yog nyob rau hauv xov xwm nrog nws kuj zoo kawg countryman - Leo Tolstoy. Nws tuaj los ntawm ib tug loj loj rustic tsev neeg tab sis twb kawm ntawv thiab los ntawm kev yug me nyuam twb ntse nruab siab muaj tswv yim, kev, thiab muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej siv lo lus: nws hais lus twb zoo li tus, kua, du thiab yeej ib txwm nyiam phooj ywg.

Cov kws sau paj lug txiv yug nyob rau hauv cov chaw, uas nws tus tub yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic War - tsis deb ntawm Tikhvin. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub tsev neeg cov kwv tij nyob rau hauv lub caij so, thiab lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug absorbed lub povhaum uas nyob deb nroog lub zos lub neej Ilinskoe tsis muaj tsawg kam tshaj lub ua kom zoo zoo nkauj ntawm nws haiv neeg lub nroog. Lub ua ke ntawm coj txawv txawv thiab bizarre, tab sis nws yog tseem heev interesting embodied nyob rau hauv poetic kab. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky sau kwv huam tag nrho-blooded, nrog ib tug ruaj khov kev xav ntawm kev zoo siab thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog lub ntiaj teb no.

Lub whimsical ua ke

Cov kws sau paj lug tus plig yog ib txwm ib txhij coexisted nyob rau hauv txoj kev zoo thiab kev kaj siab ntau yam thiab tsis zoo sib xws rau txhua tus lwm yam hais: lub neej nyob rau hauv uas nyob deb nroog woven palatial nroog, nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim cov neeg pluag lub suab hais lus - ntshav txawj ntse. Nws twb tsim thiab txuj ci. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky sau kwv huam kev xyiv fab thiab kev zoo siab txawm lub fact tias lub era nws tau muab ib yam: ib, hnyav, tej zaum - tsis hlub leejtwg li.

Thiab, thaum tsaus muag, nws ciali, txhua yam zoo li ib tug Hnub Ci tseem ceeb rau hauv feem ntau nyuaj xyoo nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nws phau ntawv: "Lub caij ntuj sov" - tsab 1921, "Qhov rai mus rau lub vaj" - 1939 ... Lub sij hawm uas tej Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, uas nws biography ua ntau tshaj yim caum xyoo, absorbing txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim rau nws lub teb chaws, nws yog reflected nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab pathos.

fidelity ringtones

Thiab nws tom ntej tej hauj lwm muaj yeej tsis poob zoo: "Oriole", "Lavxias teb sab dawns", "Golden Caij nplooj zeeg" ... txawm yog cov kawg phau ntawv luam tawm ua ntej nws tuag, nyob rau hauv 1976, hu ua "Txojkev qhov kaj ntug." Tshav ntuj kws sau paj lug, kev xyiv fab thiab kuj ceeb tias tsim nyog. Tsis suab nrov, lub roar thiab xob quaj ntawm ib tug tshiab era yuav tsis co nws purely Pushkin txoj kev hlub rau lub neej, organic, koj lub sij hawm ntev, tom ntej no mus uas tag nrho cov kev tsov kev rog thiab revolutions - tshwj xeeb me me, xws li plua plav nyob rau harp ntawm Orpheus.

Muaj ntau critics ntseeg tias qhov no harp uas poob Nikolai Gumilev, tsa nws Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Nws biography tsis txawv los ntawm xws li ntse koj lem, qee thiab heroism li gumilovskaya. Tab sis peb-quarters ntawm ib xyoo pua rau sau lub siab dawb siab mus rau lub delight ntawm verses - qhov no yog ntau tshaj ib tug feat, tsis yog nws?

Cov heev thaum pib

Cov tub hluas ntxhais kws sau paj lug yog heev, heev muaj hmoo nrog mentors. Phau ntawv Journal ntawm "Lub Apprentice," uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus thawj Gymnasium Petersburg, edited Latin xib fwb, uas tom qab ua lug paub raws li ib tug keeb kwm novelist Vasiliy Grigorevich Yan, uas nws dabneeg txog Genghis Khan thiab Batye yuav yeej ib txwm tsis tshua muaj neeg nrov, lawv tau raug txhais ua tshaj li tsib caug lus. Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Latin - Yanchevetsky, nws yog nws thiab edited nws cov thawj, tus me nyuam, paj huam. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky los yog thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws high-tsev kawm ntawv xyoo, tsis muaj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv journal "Lub Apprentice" yeej tsis republished, xav tias lawv yuav tsum tau imitative thiab menyuam kawm ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, cov tsis paub pab, lawv twb tsis txawm heev thaum ntxov. Apukhtin, Nadson thiab cov laus ... ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg uas xav txog lawv tus kheej paj huam, kev txhaum yuav luag ncaj borrowings, uas muaj ib tug me me Christmas tsis muaj nyob. Voj voog, uas yog nplooj siab mus Pushkin, zoo xav tawm, meej tiv kev txom nyem, haum nrog ib qho kev txaus nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov kos duab, meditation ntawm Baratynsky surprise prochuvstvovaniyu siab thiab hais tias yog tsis xam qhovkev rau cov tub ntxhais txuj ci.

cov tub ntxhais kawm

Txij li thaum xyoo 1914 Rozhdestvenskiy Vsevolod Aleksandrovich muaj npe teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg University. Nom tswv ferment, sib cav tswv yim nws tsis yog kov, nws tsis tau noj ib feem nyob rau hauv lawv. Modernism, raug kev sim siab feem ntau ntawm nws ncig, ib yam nkaus thiab ze rau nws tsis ua li, ces nws tsis yog ib tug Revered ua tus Bloc. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem loj sib tam destiny, thiab tam sim no nws tau sab laug. Nyob rau tib lub kws qhia ntawv kawm Larisa Reisner, ib tug kaj daim duab, tsis txhob poob no zoo kom deb li deb.

Ua ke lawv tau mus xyuas lub kws qhia ntawv "vajvoog ntawm Poets" thiab twb yuav luag sib npaug kom nquag plias. Larissa txiv pab mus rau luam tawm cov magazine, uas yog lub cev ntawm lub mug, hu ua "Rudin". Nws muab tawm ib tug tag nrho ntawm yim chav, uas peb cov kwv huam uas twb sau ntawv ib tug neeg laus kws sau paj lug - Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Nws tsis yog ib tug qws, nws yog ib tug tsev kawm ntawv ntawm nqe lus no, nyob rau hauv uas nws sau tseg Yesenin, Mandelstam thiab ntau lwm St. Petersburg paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm.

xaiv

Maj mam cov kev ywj pheej thiab revolutionary views pawg Larissa Reisner pib mus rau tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub voj voog. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1917 khwv tau txojsia ntev mus ib koob meej raws li lub Commissioner ntawm lub Baltic Fleet. Ib tug commander ntawm lub Red Army los ua Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

"Lub suab ntawm lub motherland" - tus naas ej paj huam ntawm 1941 - tsis nyuaj li nrov nrov nws yog vim hais tias cov hluas kws sau paj lug yog ib tug peb lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo dhau los, nrog rau nws battalion nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov feeb tsis meej xwm txheej uas tau tsim lub heev teb, rau cov uas, tsis tau cawm lawv lub neej, tiv thaiv tag nrho cov neeg.

cov rooj sib tham

Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky sau tau ib cov autobiography "Pages ntawm lub neej", thiab cov phau ntawv los ua yuav luag tam sim ntawd ib tug rarity, tab sis tsis yog ib yam nkaus thiab me me ncig. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws lub neej muaj feem ntau tsuas extraordinary thiab legendary. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib tug pab qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg Maksima Gorkogo, thiab cov kws ntawv muaj ib tug heev siab lub tswv yim ntawm cov tub hluas txuj ci, coj nyob rau hauv nws muaj tswv yim lub neej feem ntau active ib feem, thiab muaj ntau yam zoo siab hlo tham rau paub, ntuas. Kuv tham ntau heev thiab Christmas nrog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus party "lub tsev ntawm lub kws sau paj lug" nyob rau hauv Koktebel - Maksimilianom Voloshinym.

Tsis nyob rau hauv vain paj huam Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky absorbed li cov "science ntawm kev zoo siab". Lub rooj sib tham nrog Alexander BLOK yog heev npaum li cas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv poetic tastes. Gravitation ntawm cov neeg thiab rigor acmeism dhau, pib cov khawv koob thiab cov khawv koob ntawm lub puab music ntawm cov lo lus. Thaum lub thaiv tsoo tawm kev sib raug zoo nrog acmeists, Christmas tseem nrog cov Bloc tsis sau "tsis muaj Vajtswv, ntawm kev tshoov siab." Science cov paj huam yuav tau kawm tau yooj yim, yog hais tias tus saj yog neeg ncaj. Thiab nyob rau hauv no kev cog qoob loo ntawm lawv txoj cai, dhau lawm, nws yog ib tug kws sau paj lug Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

tsov rog kwv huam

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ua tus kws sau paj lug lub militia yog cia nyob rau hauv thawj hnub. "Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad" - cov ntawv xov xwm xa nws correspondent rau tej, txawm lub feem ntau nyuaj. Ntxiv mus, nws twb muab mus rau lub Xya Army thiab nqa tawm tej tub rog lub lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov nqe lus, thiab cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv 1943 nws luam tawm ib phau ntawv "Lub suab ntawm cov motherland", thiab nyob rau hauv 1945 - "Ladoga". Cov no yog cov ntau yam lus tim khawv hais tias tus kws sau paj lug twb txhawj xeeb hais tias cov kws sau paj lug pom, tau hnov thiab tau xav. Odes thiab satires, tsab ntawv thiab ballads, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hu nkauj.

Tab sis, raws li ua ntej, tej poetic lo lus Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky yog pob tshab thiab huv si. Qhov no tus tswv - nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov lo lus - ib tug traditionalist: classical kos duab yog enriched los ntawm ib tug enormous, complex lub neej kev ntawm lub thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, nws mus los ntawm ib tug ntau mus ntxia rov qab los ntawm cov ntau tuag xaus stylistic tshawb, tab sis cov txawj nyeem ntawv yog nyob rau hauv nruj poetic daim ntawv no, tag nrho huv nyob ua tsis taus pa.

lub postwar lub sij hawm

Cov tsov ua rog yog ib qhov nyuaj. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab nws kawm tiav, nyob rau hauv 1947, nws luam tawm ib phau ntawv "Niam Txoj kev", tom qab uas lub kws sau paj lug yog ntsiag to tau kaum ib xyoos. Tom qab tsov rog kwv huam tus ntsuj plig yog tsis tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv lub mus ob peb vas rau cov laus lub ntiaj teb no thiab kev sib raug zoo. Thiab kuv sau tawm hauv lub xeev no yuav leej twg dab tsi, cia li tsis Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Repression kov nws tsuas yog tus tub ceev xwm, ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, thaum lub University of St. Petersburg, zoo li ib tug khaub rhuab, cheb mus dissident menyuam kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub poetic ua hauj lwm, Vsevolod Alexandrovich yuav ua li cas yog tseem heev, heev muaj ntau yam.

Ntawm chav kawm, nws siv cov kev txawj ntse thaum tos kev kaj siab lug ntawm lub siab. Koom nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus, nws sau tau cov opera libretto (sau thiab muab lawv kaum tsib, nyob rau hauv lawv muaj ntau yam ua yeeb yam uas tau ua classics). Qhov kawg lub sij hawm ntawm creativity - yog poetic - yuav luag nkaus yuav siv sij hawm lub ntsiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab. Sau ib tug series ntawm cov kwv huam rau rau siab ua tus loj tshaj kes duab vajtse nyob rau hauv Russia. Poet philosophizes ntsia haiv neeg ua hauj lwm. Thiab ib tug heev loj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm nyob ib memoir.

Caucasus

Hlub rau cov foom koob hmoov rau thiab xav thov ua tsaug sawv originated rov qab nyob rau hauv lub 20s, thiab nws tuaj rov qab no los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky tag nrho kuv lub neej. Cov journeys yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam "Tsei", "Vasso Hunter", "Lub Caucasian lub rooj sib tham" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Ntawm no yog cov inexhaustible qhov chaw ntawm lub kws sau paj lug rau nws cov chaw ua hauj lwm.

Roob Mus - tus thawj poetic masterpieces. Cov haib kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub zos xwm twb tau mus Nkij los txuam rau tus ntxim hlub scenery ntawm lub Tikhvin zos thiab aristocratic slenderness Tsarskoye selo hom. Tseyskoe hav attracted cov kws sau paj lug, zoo li ib tus hlau nplaum, li no lub xam qhovkev optimism ntawm lub kws sau paj lug ua ib tug zoo ntawm savagery, thiab kev tshoov siab yog them raws li ib rab phom.