Cov kws sau paj lug Vvedenskiy Aleksandr: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Vvedenskiy Aleksandr tau ntev tau paub mus rau ib tug dav pawg neeg tsuas yog raws li ib tug me nyuam txoj kev txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug. Tsuas yog ib qho vajvoog paub hais tias nws muaj ib tug loj thiab no: kev ua hauj lwm, npaj rau ib tug txawv kiag li cov neeg tuaj saib dua cov me nyuam yaus. Ob peb cov neeg paub, thiab uas tau txais ntau tej chaw kws sau paj lug thiab dramatist Vvedenskiy Aleksandr tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school yog tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau ib tug yooj yim kev kuaj mob nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zoo heev kws sau paj lug ntawm kuv cov hluas, ib zaug dua tseeb hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov me nyuam uas tsis tau tiv nrog lub formal ntawv, yog ua dag thiab tsis cia siab. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug twb tsom txuj ci raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv thiab tsim kev mob loj yees rau ntaub ntawv.

li ntawd, cov tsev neeg

Vvedenskiy Aleksandr, uas nws yug xyoo ntog rau 1904 tau yug los nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Peb yuav hais tias nws niam nws txiv koom rau cov kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb ntawm Leningrad thaum lub sij hawm. Nws niam, Povolotskaya Yevgeniya Ivanovna, yog ib tug muaj kev vam meej thiab nto moo heev nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm obstetrician-gynecologist. Vvedensky txiv, Ivan V., muaj ib tug kev cai lij choj degree thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo txoj hauj lwm. Rau ntau xyoo nws rau siab ntso ua tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev pab thiab rau cov achievements twb muab tsub lub rank of State Councillor. Tom qab lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim, nws pib mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws xam nyiaj txiag thiab nws tsev neeg txuj ci tseem ceeb dim lub Soviet tsuj, nws twb raug teeb meem vim yog cov khees tsis muaj ntse keeb kwm thiab ncaj qha mus nrog cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Alexander Vvedensky: biography

Nws niam nws txiv txiav txim siab xa lawv cov tub kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas lub neej yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug, nws kawm luv luv nrog nws kwv nws tij. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, thaum lub insistence ntawm nws niam, nws ob tug tub tau tsiv mus rau kawm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lawv. Lentovskaya. Aleksandr Ivanovich Vvedensky, uas nws cov duab yuav pom nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub chav xyaum tes taw nyob rau hauv 1921. Tom qab ntawd nws txiav txim siab mus ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Petrograd los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj. Nws kawm muaj rau ntev, thiab, paub tias txoj kev cai nws tsis yog tiag tiag heev xav, Alexander Vvedensky, kwv huam rau cov me nyuam uas yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv vim cov hoob kawm muaj ntau yam, txiav txim siab los hloov mus rau tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Oriental Studies, thiab ntau precisely, nyob rau hauv nws Suav chaw ua hauj lwm. Tab sis txoj kev tshawb no nws ho tsis mus txuas ntxiv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab tsis ntev sab laug lub tsev kawm ntawv mus ib txhis. Tom qab ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, Alexander Vvedensky yog ib tug neeg. Tom qab ntawd nws ua hauj lwm rau ob xyoo nyob rau hauv lub "Liab Lub kaum hli ntuj" - lub zos hwj chim nroj tsuag.

Ua tus thawj sau ntawv 'views ntawm futuristic

Vvedensky, Alexander Ivanovich - kws sau paj lug, verses uas nws tau ua heev nrov, pib sau nws thawj thawj hauj lwm thaum tseem muaj ib tug schoolboy. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, tus tub kawm ntawv nyob rau txiv neej hluas muaj pab koj tu siab rau lub Futurists, thiab nws twb attracted los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Symbolists. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Vvedenskiy Aleksandr nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas twb nqa tam sim ntawd ntawm lub legendary Bloc. Zatmetit muaj nqis enormous cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus cwj pwm muaj Kruchenykh paj huam. Paub zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas, raws li ib tug schoolboy, nws yog ib tug txawj koom haum. Nrog rau nws muaj Alekseev thiab Lipavsky. Muaj ib hnub, peb lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm txiav txim siab kom tau ib tug kwv yees ntawm nws thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub Bloc. Lawv sau nws cov kwv huam thiab xa lawv mus rau Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu, tab sis judging los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg nyob rau hauv cov archives ntawm lub zoo kws sau paj lug, cov kwv huam ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem siab cov tub ntxhais kawm nws twb tsis nyiam, nws tib leeg xwb nyias tsuas Alekseeva. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau yuav, lub initiator ntawm cov tswv yim kom tau ib tug saib xyuas ntawm lub Bloc tau ua precisely Vvedenskiy Aleksandr, vim hais tias nws qhov chaw nyob yog teev tseg raws li rov qab los rau lub hnab ntawv. Dua li no chim siab, kev hlub thiab kev nqhis dej rau cov ntaub ntawv twb tsis ploj mus.

Kawm paub txog harms

Tuag thiab kev lom zem ntau txiav txim nws hmoo rau lub kws sau paj lug los ua ntsib nrog harms. Vvedenskiy Aleksandr nquag tshwm nyob rau hauv poetic voj voog thiab sim los nthuav lawv tej kev sau ntawv sib txuas ntau li ntau tau. Nws yog heev tus phooj ywg nrog Kuzmin thiab Klyuev, feem ntau pom lawv. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov rooj sib tham tau ntsib nrog Daniilom Harmsom, uas tom qab ua nws me ntsis zoo phooj ywg. Vvedensky ib zaug raug caw tuaj koom mloog mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais paj huam, thiab cov hais lus Alexander singled tawm ib, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub feem ntau feemxyuam - thiab nws muab tawm rau harms.

Nrog rau qhov no poetic yav tsaus ntuj lawv mus ua ke, thiab tshwm ib tug me ntsis thiab pom ib tug ntau zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv lawv views.

Lub ob leeg ua ub no ntawm ob tug comrades

Harms thiab Vvedensky los ua tiag tiag tiag tiag thiab mob siab rau tus phooj ywg. Lawv qhia cov views ntawm sab laug rog thiab coj ib tug active txawj ua hauj lwm. Tej lub sij hawm cov phooj ywg nyeem lawv cov kwv huam, hais lus nyob rau kev sau ntawv gatherings muaj lub rooj sib tham "txawv tshaj plaw Kuv cov phooj ywg." Lawv kuj tuaj koom lub Union nyob rau hauv Leningrad paj huam. Wishing rau sib sau ua ke zoo li-minded sau ntawv, comrades txiav txim siab los tsim lawv tus kheej lub koom haum.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub Oberiu

Nyob rau hauv 1927 Vvedensky nrog harms ua raws li ideologues thiab creators ntawm ib tug peculiar ua ke ntawm "tiag tiag art", uas nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm cov phau ntawv thiab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus legendary Oberiu. Qhov no koom haum yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm qhov xovxwm Lub tsev nyob ntawm txoj cai ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov seem. Lub ntsiab paj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, lawv pom ib tug meaningless phenomenon. Tsis tas li ntawd koom advocated cov kev taw qhia ntawm absurdities. Vvedensky rau feem ntau ib feem yog ib tug active daim duab Oberiu thiab Daniil Kharms ua raws li organizer. Sib nrug ntawm no, muaj ob peb cov tub ntxhais paj huam, ntawm lawv N. thiab N. Oleynikov Z.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov zajlus lub koom haum

Oberiu yuav siv sij hawm heev shocking thaum lub sij hawm ua si. Lawv ncaav theatrical qhia thiab ua yeeb yam, thaum lub sij hawm uas paj huam nyeem kwv huam muaj nyob rau hauv Oberiu, thiab ntau heev, cov ua yeeb yam tau nrog los ntawm ib tug heev eccentric antics. Concerts twb muaj nyob rau hauv txawv slogans thiab inscriptions illustrated, piv txwv li, "Peb - tsis ncuav." Rau Petersburg 30s, steeped nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim post-revolutionary lub sij hawm xws inscriptions twb dhau lawm tsis yooj yim rau to taub, thiab sai sai no cov kev ua ub Oberiu ntaus ib tug barrage ntawm kev thuam. Lawv hu ua zag, to taub tsis tau thiab coj txawv txawv Komsomol cov neeg tuaj saib.

"Cov hauj lwm" raws li ib tug me nyuam txoj kev txawj sau ntawv

Si nyhav kev ua si raws li lub ntsiab ideologue thiab activist Oberiu yuav Vvedensky coj ncaj ncees txaus siab, tab sis yuav tsis muab nws nyiaj txiag. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub kws sau paj lug los ntawm Sergei Marshak tau txais ib qho kev sau paj huam rau cov me nyuam txoj kev cov phau ntawv Magazine, nws tsis kam. Txij li thaum 1928 nws nquag sau cov me nyuam cov paj huam, cov dab neeg luv luv, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov sij hawm luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine xws li "Siskin" thiab "hedgehog." Tej kev ua hauj lwm pab nws yuav ua rau xaus tau raws li, thiab nws yog ua tsaug rau nws Vvedenskiy Aleksandr Ivanovich - ib tug kws sau paj lug nrog muaj zog futuristic zoo, thiab supporter ntawm lub symbolism ntawm lub absurd - los ua lub npe hu thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub official keeb kwm raws li ib tug me nyuam txoj kev txawj sau ntawv.

Sijhawm twg los thiab raug ntes

Kev ua ub no Oberiu ntev lawm nyob rau hauv lub ceev faj saib xyuas ntawm lub zos cov tub ceev xwm, leej twg yuav tsis taus xws li ib tug manifestation ntawm dissent nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, yuav luag tag nrho cov "oberiuty" tuaj nyob rau hauv kev tsuj. Lawv liam hais tias lawv ua ub no lawv cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm lub Komsomol - qhov kev siv ntawm socialism. Vvedensky yog tsis muaj exception thiab twb tseem puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1931.

Raws li cov hauj lwm version, Alexander Ivanovich ua accusation hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov kev cai tib si, nws npaj ib tug ci nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Nicholas II. Vvedensky twb incriminated tsib caug yim tsab xov xwm, liam ntawm counterrevolutionary kev ua si. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub tshaj plaws li ntawd nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tshwj xeeb department ntawm lub GPU "txawj teeb meem." Tom qab kev tshawb xyuas Vvedensky twb raug xa mus rau hauv exile.

txuas

Chiv ua hauj lwm nws kab lus, nws raug xa mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kursk. Qhov link Alexander mus nrog nws tus thawj tus poj niam, T. Meyer, uas nws tau ntsib thaum tseem muaj ib tug schoolboy, raws li lawv tau nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ua nyob rau hauv exile, nws tau ntev nyob nrog harms, thiab ces twb raug xa mus Vologda. Nws twb tso tawm los ntawm exile nyob rau hauv 1932, tab sis muaj ib ib tug decree uas txwv tsis pub Vvedensky nyob rau hauv 16 kev koom ntawm lub USSR. Vim li no, peb lub xyoos nws siv nyob rau hauv Borisoglebsk.

Qhov rov qab mus txoj kev ywj pheej

Kiag tso, Alexander Vvedensky, nyob rau hauv 1934 nws rov qab mus rau Leningrad. Muaj nws tau tam sim ntawd coj mus rau lub Writers 'Union. Nyob rau hauv no thiab cov nram qab no xyoo nws sau tau nws zoo tshaj plaws kwv huam, xws li "Plaub piav" thiab "Caw kom cov kuv xav." Yuav kom rov tsis poob nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm powers, Alexander sau ib tug ntau ntawm pro-Soviet ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li cov me nyuam txoj kev ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua si, xws li ib tug nce chaw "Christmas tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub Ivanovs". Ib tug ob peb xyoos ua ntej lub phaum ua tsov ua rog Vvedensky ua ib tug ua si rau lub legendary puppet Obraztsova. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog nws cov kwv huam nws zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv pej xeem xwb tsis tshua.

Alexander mus yuav ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm, thiab nws xaiv yog Galina Viktorov. Lawv los ua tus txiv thiab tus poj niam nyob rau hauv 1936, thiab cov kws sau paj lug tsiv sai sai rau nws tus pojniam tshiab nyob rau hauv Kharkiv, qhov chaw uas nws nyob. Ib xyoo tom qab nws sib yuav, nyob rau hauv 1936, lawv muaj ib tug general tus tub - Peter.

lub kws sau paj lug tuag

Tu siab, lub caij nyoog hnub ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm no feemxyuam txiv neej yog tseem tsis paub hais tias. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, ib tug ntawm lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv 1941, nyob rau ntawm lub qhov mus kom ze ntawm lub Germans rau Kharkov, Alexander Vvedensky, ua ke nrog nws tsev neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog, npaj tawm tsev khiav. Lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv uas lub kws sau paj lug tsev neeg yuav tsum tau tawm Kharkov, los ua nyob sib ti, thiab tom ntej no yuav tsis tuaj. Tom qab ob hnub Vvedenskiy dua liam ntawm counter-kiv puag ncig, thiab them rau nws nrog 54 cov khoom. Ua ke nrog lwm yam "unreliable cov phooj ywg" thiab "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" nws twb pauv mus rau Kazan.

Raws li cov hauj lwm version, theem phab xis tau kiag li tsim kev mus los rau cov neeg. Lub tsheb ciav hlau yog txias heev, thiab Vvedensky, mob pleurisy ntsws, tuag nyob rau hauv txoj kev.

Nws tuag twb tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov morgues ntawm Kazan, uas sawv daws khoom ib mus rau lub hlwb lub tsev kho mob ntawm lub MVD. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw hauv lub heev tuag tshwm sim nyob rau hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug kev ncaj ncees ntawv, uas twb muab npaum li cas tom qab hnub ntawm txoj kev tuag tau teev nyob rau 20 Hlis ntuj nqeg. Alas, lub caij nyoog qhov chaw ntawm kev faus yog tsis paub thiab niaj hnub no. Poet thiab dramatist Vvedenskiy Aleksandr tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug heev cov tub ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog. Nws yog 37 xyoo.