Maximilian Voloshin. Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab toj roob hauv pes neeg pleev kob thiab txawj critic

Ib qho ntawm feem zoo kawg li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog yog ib tug gifted multi-ncau thiab heev thawj (nws yog hu ua cov feem ntau eccentric Lavxias teb sab thaum ntxov XX caug xyoo.) Neeg - Tib neeg Maximilian Voloshin (1877-1932). Nws yog heev organically haum mus rau hauv zoo kawg nkaus lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, uas yog li haum cov lus uas tus kws sau paj lug Anna Akhmatova: "Thiab cov nyiaj kaj lub hlis ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog froze ...", txawm hais tias nws Voloshin tsis yuav mus rau ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia, ces hom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab.

Ib tug ntse tus neeg yog txawj ntse nyob rau hauv txhua yam

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1877, nyob rau hauv Kiev, nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus collegiate counselor (VI chav kawm ntawv nyob qib coj ib pab tub rog colonel) AM Kirienko-Voloshin thiab E. O. Glazer tub. Tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam ntawm tus me nyuam niam, absorbed rau hauv lub xoob morals ntawm lub sij hawm, tshuav nws tus txiv, leej twg tuag peb xyoos tom qab, thiab yeej tsis hais txog nws nco qab txog. Me Max, nws raug coj mus raws li lawv tus kheej los frenzy. Thiab, tej zaum, nws yog txoj cai thaum nyob rau hauv Russia raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws upbringing lexicographer Maximilian Voloshin, tsim nyog thiab feemxyuam tshuab txhais lus, zoo kawg nkaus, zoo ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab ib tug amazing artist. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev nthuav txawj critic. Thiab nyob rau hauv kabke ntawm dab tsi tau hais tias, raws li yog hais qhov nws tus kheej tau tsim Karadag profile ntawm ib tug bearded txiv neej, leej twg thiaj li los ua incredibly zoo xws li cov Maximilian Voloshin.

txawv txawv txoj hmoo

Thiab nws txoj hmoo yog muaj hmoo. Qhov no muaj lus zoo siab txiv neej ruam hoaxer, nyob rau hauv tus, mus rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej nws nyob, yuav ua li cas thiab nyob qhov twg xav, nws sau hais tias nws xav, txawm li cas los, twb tsis luam tawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog rau cov cia ntawm nws cov kwv huam hais tias cov neeg yuav ploj tsis muaj ib txoj lw. Txawm nws lub npe muaj ob 2-storey villas thiab dav Lodge, lub Bolsheviks twb tsis xaiv. Thiab nyob rau hauv Koktebel, mus kom txog rau thaum kev tuag ntawm no "shaggy Zeus" nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov neeg tuaj pua pua ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Av Voloshin yog ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib tug dawb lub tsev laus, tsev rau lub tswv yim ntawm paj huam, sau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam.

watershed xyoo

Maximilian Voloshin kawm chav ua si - Theodosia thiab ob nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub Moscow University (nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj department), thiab tag nrho cov kawm science teeb meem. Thiab ces, xyoo tom qab, nws hais tias kaum xyoo siv nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv, tsis enriched nws tej kev xav, thiab yog dab tsi ib tug pov tseg ntawm lub xyoo. Txawm li cas los, nws tau mus kawm nws nthuav lectures nyob rau Sorbonne thiab twb kawm nyob rau hauv lub cob qhia ntawm ntxias nyob rau hauv Paris.

Nyob rau hauv 1900, uas m. Voloshin hais tias hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws tsim, nws raug xa mus los ntawm Moscow rau Central Asia kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tau. Nws yog no hais tias nws txiav txim siab mus devote nws tus kheej mus kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws yuav tsum tau "mus rau sab hnub poob."

Ntawm dropouts - nyob rau hauv encyclopedic

Maximilian Voloshin, uas nws biography kom txog rau thaum 1912 yuav tau zoo txuas nrog Paris, mus thoob teb chaws Europe thiab mus xyuas tim lyiv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, cov menyuam kawm ntawv feem kawm poob los ua ib tug kws ntawv - nws mus yuam kev hauv lub nroog, siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv, absorbing zoo li ib tug li ntaub nqus dej, lub kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient thiab medieval civilizations. Nws twb txawj koom nyob rau hauv cov neeg txhais lus, cov Fabkis qhib ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab countrymen - Fabkis. Nws tseem ceeb heev cov khoom luam tawm feem nyob rau hauv lub nrov Lavxias teb sab ntawv, thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm qhov rov qab mus Koktebel nws twb muaj ib tug txawj npe.

feemxyuam hoaxer

Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1913, qhov no yog kiag li ib tug dawb tug txiv neej, uas nws views yeej ib txwm sib txawv los ntawm cov neeg ntawm ib ncig (thiab niam Credo yog tus motto: loj hlob ib yam dab tsi tab sis tsis zoo li lwm tus) ua ob yam ua tau, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub boycott tshaj tawm hais tias los ntawm nws. Tus thawj zaj dabneeg yog ib tug dag feemxyuam poetess Elizabeth Dmitrieva. Lawv luam tawm ib tug series ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym Cherubina de Gabriac. Paj Huam yog wildly nrov. Tab sis tau nphav raug yog hnyav, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tiv thaiv lub Honor ntawm cov poj niam, M. Voloshin, tua nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug duel nrog Gumilev. Vib nas this Maximilian Alexandrovich yog suav Tolstoy.

Contrary rau pej xeem lub tswv yim

Qhov thib ob zaj dabneeg Voloshin poob tawm nrog rau ntau cov phau ntawv sau cov phooj ywg. Nws lub hlis nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj muab ib tug qhuab qhia nyob rau Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas dared qhia nws, los ntawm tag nrho cov tswvyim sib txawv hais txog cov ua ntawm tus nres rau tus neeg vwm duab Repin "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub." Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 nws luam tawm ib phau ntawv ntawm nws tsab ntawv "Ib sab ntawm Art", uas ua heev nrov. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1910, nws tau tso cov thawj sau los ntawm nws cov kwv huam, nws cov paj huam mus txog rau thaum ces tsis luam tawm Gorky tsis Ivanov.

lub ntsiab lus Crimean

Ib txhia soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv peb hnub tsis menyuam lub scale ntawm ib tug twg, los yog cov muaj tswv yim legacy ntawm cov artist, kws sau paj lug thiab txawj critic npe Voloshin Maksimilian. Koktebel yog inextricably txuas nrog nws lub npe. Lub tswv yim los khom muaj tau koom rau nws niam. Rov qab nyob rau hauv v1893 xyoo (Max yog ces 16 xyoo) nws yog ib tus thawj yuav nyob ntawm no av ntawm lub hiav txwv, ntseeg tias tsuas yog cua, qhov thiab centuries-laus keeb kwm ntawm lub Crimea, uas tshuav lawv tus cim rau thiaj li muaj ntau ntau haiv neeg, txoj kev nws invaluable Maximilian, nyob rau hauv uas tov muaj ntau ntau bloodlines.

legendary tsev

Txij li thaum nws rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws, cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov artist yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes, uas maj ua ib tug zoo ntawm kev cai center ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev xav. Txawm tias, raws li taug xaiv, peb yuav tsis cia li xav. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj xyoo ntawm lub Civil War lub tsev Maksimiliana Voloshina yog ib tug Haven rau tag nrho nws cov phooj ywg, tsis hais ntawm lawv cov "xim" - liab nws rua ntawm lub dawb thiab dawb rau liab. Nws tsis tau mus rau hauv exile, thaum nws tus phooj ywg AK Tolstoy nyob rau hauv 1918 (nyob rau hauv 1923 rov qab mus rau Soviet Russia) thov nws kom khiav tawm txawv teb chaws. Voloshin tsis tau muab lawv cov teb.

singer Cimmeria

Thaum nyob rau hauv Koktebel Voloshin tab xim ib tug ntau - raws li contemporaries, ob watercolors ib hnub twg. Muaj ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog nrog zoo nkauj paj huam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws Cimmeria (lub ancient Greeks - "Nordic lub teb chaws"), tau sau txog nws thiab pleev xim rau nws. Maximilian Voloshin sau tau nws daim duab mus. Ib txhia ntawm lawv coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom ntawm ntxias "World of Art". Tab sis lawv yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm twb tsis paub mus rau ib tug dav pawg neeg, txawm hais tias nws yog zoo heev selections, nrog los ntawm cov kwv huam, yuav muaj nyob rau hauv muaj dav. Khaws cia ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm masters nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws lub npe thiab nyob rau hauv Feodosia, Aivazovsky nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Keeper ntawm lub cuab yeej cuab tam

Maximilian Voloshin tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev nyob rau hauv Koktebel qhib nyob rau hauv 1984. Nws hav zoov nws yuav tsum poj ntsuam ntawm Maximilian Alexandrovich M. S. Voloshinoy (nee Zabolotskaya), uas txog thaum 1976 tsis yog cia li nyob rau hauv ib tug qub tsev loj, thiab ua tib zoo khaws cai thiab sau txhua yam uas tau hais txog nws tus hlub tus txiv. Nws paub tias muaj ib hnub Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob yuav txaus siab rau lub legacy ntawm ib tug zoo kawg artist thiab kws sau paj lug menyuam.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej yog kev nthuav qhia ntawm Maksimiliana Voloshina txhua xyoo International nqi zog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws paj huam phau ntawv, nws hnub uas tus me nyuam muaj npe Voloshin Cuaj hlis. Nws raug faus tom ntej no mus rau lub kws sau paj lug thiab cov artist - rau Mount Kuchuk Yanyshar. Nyob rau hauv ib tug phaj rests nrog nws thiab nws tus poj niam.