Ywj Pheej Annensky: phau ntawv keeb kwm, kev muaj tswv yim zoo

Txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Annensky Inokentiy Fedorovich (1855-1909) yog qhov nws nyiam. Nws tau sau nws cov thawj cov ntawv sau paj huam (thiab tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm nws tas sim neej) thaum muaj hnub nyoog 49 xyoos hauv kev sib tw Nick. T-huag.

Tus kws sau paj huam yog thawj coj mus rau hauv phau ntawv "Los ntawm lub qhov tsua ntawm Polyphemus" thiab xaiv lub npe "Utis", txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv txhais lus los ntawm Greek "tsis muaj leej twg" (Odysseus qhia nws tus kheej rau Cyclops Polyphemus). Tom qab ntawd, tus sau hu ua "Quiet Songs". Alexander Blok, leej twg tsis paub leej twg ntawm phau ntawv yog, pom xws li cov npe dubious. Nws tau sau hais tias tus kws sau paj lug tau muab faus rau nws lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv daim npog ntsej muag uas ua rau nws poob ntawm cov ntawv ntau. Tej zaum, nyob hauv txoj kev poob siab no, ib tug yuav tsum nrhiav "qhov mob heev dua"?

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, cov tub ntxhais hluas xyoo

Cov paj huam yav tom ntej tau yug hauv Omsk. Nws niam nws txiv (saib hauv daim duab hauv qab) tsis ntev los no tau tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Innocent Annensky hauv nws phau ntawv sau qhia tau tias nws tus menyuam yaus dhau mus nyob hauv ib qho chaw uas tus tswv tsev thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm koom haum tau koom siab. Nws nyiam mus kawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab keeb kwm los ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, nws muaj kev sib tw rau txhua yam uas tau ua kom pom tseeb thiab pib qis.

Thawj Cov Kwv Huam

Innocent Annensky pib sau paj huam thaum ntxov. Txij li thaum lub tswv yim ntawm "cim" nyob rau hauv lub 1870s tseem tsis paub hais tias rau nws, nws suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog ib tug mystic. Annensky tau nyiam los ntawm "hom kab lig kev cai dab qhuas" ntawm B. E. Murillo, ib tug kws kos duab Mev ntawm xyoo 17th. Nws sim ua kom paub cov lus dab neeg no nrog cov lus.

Tus kws sau paj huam, tom qab lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus tij laug laus, nws yog ib tug paub zoo tshaj plaws rau pej xeem thiab economist (NF Annensky), txiav txim siab txog 30 xyoo nws tsis tsim nyog tshaj tawm. Yog li ntawd, nws cov thwj tim thwmsim tsis yog npaj rau kev luam ntawv. Yawg Annensky tau sau paj huam los txhawm rau ua kom nws txawj thiab tshaj tawm nws tus kheej twb yog ib tus kws sau paj huam.

Kawm hauv University

Kev kawm txog cov lus qub thiab cov lus qub thaum xyoo kawm ntawv qib siab hloov cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Raws li Innocenti Annensky txais, thaum lub xyoo no nws tsis sau dab tsi, tsuas yog rau dissertations. Kev kawm "Pedagogical-administrative" pib tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li cov lug txhawb cov miv antichnikov, nws distracted Innokentiy Fedorovich los ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Thiab cov sympathizers ntawm nws cov paj huam ntseeg tias nws cuam tshuam nrog creativity.

Debut ua tus txiavtxim

Yawg Annensky tau muab ntaus tawm hauv kev luam tawm los ua tus txiavtxim. Nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1880 thiab 1890s ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom devoted feem ntau yog rau Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nyob rau xyoo 1906 tau tshwm sim thawj "Phau Ntawv Reflections", thiab nyob rau xyoo 1909 - ob. Qhov sau ntawm kev thuam, uas txawv cov kev xav ntawm kev xaav, Wilde subjectivism thiab kev xav-kev xav. Yawg Fedorovich hais tias nws tsuas yog nyeem ntawv xwb, thiab tsis yog tus neeg thuam.

Cov neeg Fabkis txoj kev ntseeg

Annensky-poet rau nws forerunners suav hais tias Fabkis cov cim, uas txaus siab txhais ntau heev. Ntxiv rau kev txhawb cov lus, lawv tau pom lawv cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev nce ntawm kev ua kom zoo siab, vim tias lawv nce lub suab ntawm kev xav hauv kev zoo nkauj. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thawj phau ntawm cov kwv huam Annensky muaj txhais cov lus Fabkis txoj kev ntseeg. Ntawm Russians ze tshaj rau Innokenty Fedorovich yog KD Balmont, leej twg evoked awe los ntawm tus sau ntawm "Quiet nkauj." Annensky co txaus siab rau cov suab paj nruag thiab "kev yoog tshiab" ntawm nws cov lus hais.

Tshaj tawm hauv cov cim xovxwm

Yawg Annensky tau coj lub neej zoo li qub. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab cua daj cua dub, nws tsis ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev kos duab "tshiab". Annensky tsis koom nrog kev sib cav sib ceg ntxiv.

Los ntawm 1906 thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Innokentiy Fedorovich nyob rau hauv lub cimist xovxwm (lub magazine "Pass") muaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cim cim ib puag ncig muab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej.

Xyoo tsis ntev los no

Tus kws lijchoj thiab kws sau paj huam Innokentiy Annensky tau muab lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv Poetic Academy. Nws kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ntseeg ntawm Lo Lus Artistic, uas ua nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Askiv Apollo. Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv no, Annensky tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm uas raug hu ua ib tsab ntawv sau, "On Modern Lyrism."

Posthumous cult, "Cypress lub hleb"

Ib qhov dav hauv lub voj voog ntawm Symbolists ua rau nws cia li tuag. Innocentty Annensky tau tuag ntawm chaw nres tsheb Tsarskoye Selo. Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm xaus, tab sis qhov kev muaj hmoo txoj hmoo tom qab txoj kev tuag tau ntxiv. Ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kws sau paj nruag nyob ze rau ntawm Apollo (feem ntau yog cov neeg paub txog Acmeist, uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam reproached rau neglecting Annensky), nws posthumous cult pib coj zoo. Plaub lub hlis tom qab kev tuag ntawm Innokentii Fedorovich, qhov thib ob sau ntawm nws cov kwv huam tau luam tawm. Nws yog tus kws sau paj huam, Annensky-Krivich, uas tau los ua tus kws sau paj lug, tus neeg sau xov xwm thiab tus kws sau ntawv, ua tiav qhov kev npaj ntawm Cypress Casket (phau ntawv raug hu ua vim hais tias Annensky cov ntawv sau cia nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv cypress). Yog vim li cas thiaj ntseeg tias nws tsis tau ua raws li tus sau phau ntawv xav kom nws txiv muaj lub sijhawm.

Innokenty Annensky, nws cov paj huam hauv nws lub neej tsis txaus siab rau ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm "Cypress Casket" tau txais koob meej tsim nyog. Blok sau hais tias phau ntawv no ua rau tob tob rau hauv lub plawv thiab piav txog nws ntau yam txog nws tus kheej. Bryusov, uas tau ua yav tas los kom paub txog "freshness" ntawm kev lem, kev sib piv, phau ntawv thiab cov lus uas tau raug xaiv hauv phau "Quiet Songs", twb tau sau tseg tias tsis muaj peev xwm twv tau los ntawm Innokentiy Fedorovich nram qab no ob stanzas ntawm thawj ob nqes thiab xaus Ua haujlwm rau nws pib. Krivich xyoo 1923 luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub npe "Poems Pouction of In. Annensky", cov ntawv ntxiv uas tus kws sau paj lug.

Peculiarity

Nws tus lyrical hero yog ib tug txiv neej uas tau hais tias "kev ntxub kev ntxias siab ntawm kev ua." Annensky cov ntsiab lus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm "Kuv" ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas xav ua ib lub ntiaj teb tag nrho, txeej, dissolve nyob rau hauv nws, thiab uas yog raug tsim txom los ntawm qhov tsis nco qab ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, tsis muaj kev cia siab solitude thiab aimless hav zoov.

Rau cov nqe ntawm Annensky, ib qhov cim qub yog txuas los ntawm "cov khoom siv khov kho". Raws li V. Bryusov, nws tau los ua tus neeg thib ob ntawm Innokentiy Fedorovich ua ib tug kws sau paj lug. Lub sijhawm kev sau ntawv ntawm "Cypress Casket" thiab "Kev Ntsiag To" yog ib qho kev xav tsis meej. Kev ua koom ua ib lub cim hu ua Vyacheslav Ivanov. Annensky ntseeg tias paj huam tsis sawv cev. Nws tsuas yog tus nyeem ntawm tus nyeem ntawv uas tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv cov lus.

Niaj hnub no, qhov tsim tau ntawm Inokentiy Fedorovich tau txais koob npe tsim nyog. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov kws sau paj huam xws li Innokenty Annensky. "Ntawm lub ntiaj teb," qhov kev tshawb xyuas uas tau hais kom coj los rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, yog tej zaum nws cov paj lug zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Nco ntsoov tias, ntxiv rau cov paj huam, nws tau sau plaub zaj yeeb yaj kiab hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm Euripides txog cov teeb meem uas tau ploj lawm.