"Lub ncaj ncees txiv neej," Nekrasov: tsom xam ntawm lub paj huam, portrait hais tsis zoo neeg phem

NA Nekrasov, sai li sai ua co-tswv ntawm "Kawm" magazine, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov teeb meem luam tawm nws luv luv thiab succinct ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1847. Nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "kev coj tsis ncaj tus neeg" (Nekrasov). Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub magazine hnub rov qab mus rau lub AS Pushkin.

Transformation "Kawm"

Thaum nyob rau hauv 1836, ib tug tshiab sau ib tsab, nws luam tawm plaub zaug ib xyoos thiab nws yog kiag li unprofitable, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ruinous. Los ntawm 1843, lub zoo meej ntsoog tuaj. Nws publisher, PA Pletnev, nyob rau hauv 1846, thaum kawg los ntawm nws "dim": muag Nekrasov thiab Panayev. Thiab lub magazine sai sai los ua nrov vim hais tias ua hauj lwm nrog nws tau coj qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, critics thiab historians. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub paj huam nrog rau ib tug heev sib sib zog nqus lobes satire piav nyob rau hauv nws sau kawm haiv neeg: nom, careerists, scoundrels. Ib tug piv txwv yog lub "ncaj ncees tus neeg" (Nekrasov). Analysis ntawm cov paj huam, tus cwj pwm ntawm nws lub cim tseem ceeb - qhov no yog lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

satirical portrait

Nyob rau hauv plaub stanzas ntawm kaum kab txhua, cov kws sau paj lug, zoo li ib tug mosaic daim, tsim cov duab ntawm nws hero. Nws yog lig amoral cim, muab lub npe ntawm cov khoom - "ncaj ncees neeg" (Nekrasov). Analysis ntawm cov paj huam, peb yuav pib nrog lub thawj zaj paj huam. Nyob nrog xws li tsho, cowardly, muaj ib tug qias notion ntawm morality, thiab zoo siab rau lawv tus kheej, narcissistic hom, yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua. Nws tus poj niam tau ncaim rau ntawm ib hnub nrog ib tug noble txiv neej, ib tug hero, nyob nrog "txhais tes huv", "nyiag" lawv nrog cov tub ceev xwm. Lub duel nws ntse ntsuav tsis kam. Nws tus poj niam tuag nyob rau hauv lub siab. Moralist "tsis muaj ib tug ua phem nyob rau hauv lub neej." Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no siv rau cov pej xeem ethics.

tus thib ob rov

Buddy tsis kom sai them nws cov nuj nqis rau peb hero. Raws li qhov teeb meem no yog piav nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "ncaj ncees txiv neej" (Nekrasov)? paj huam tsom xam yuav tsis quav ntsej qhov no fact: lub protagonist Xa mus rau ib tug phooj ywg nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, nyob qhov twg lub borrower tau tuag lawm. Sensitive wretch quaj tom qab kev tuag, hais tias "tsis muaj ib tug tau ua nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm kev phem." Nyob rau hauv no nws yog kiag li ntxias, raws li kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv nws sab ntawm lub civil code.

peb rov

Serf peb "ncaj ncees tus neeg" kawm tau mus ua noj zoo. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog hais tias nws xav nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv thiab reflections. Tshwj tsis yog tias qhov no tshwm sim? Yuav ua li cas puas tau lub ntsiab cim ua hauj lwm "ncaj ncees neeg" (Nekrasov)? paj huam tsom xam yuav tsis tau ua tsis tau qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm qhov rov. Hero xav txog ntev. Nws cia li carved txiv neej rods, uas tau pom tau hais tias nws muaj nws tus kheej lub meej mom. Raws li "kev coj tsis ncaj tus txiv neej", nws yog tus tswv, thiab tsuas yog nws muaj txoj cai mus xav - thiaj li hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov haiv neeg, thiab tsis muaj ib tug yuav txiav txim rau. Tom qab uas lub fortress yuav tsis nyob rau hauv humiliation thiab tuag coob heev. "Dur pom", - commented rau ntawm tus tuag ntawm ib tug ua noj "fatherly" tuaj scoundrel, uas reiterates hais tias "tsis muaj ib tug tau ua nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm kev phem."

kawg rov

Nws tus ntxhais poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug yooj yim xib fwb. Tab sis yog tau connivance? Nws yuav tsum foom phem rau nws thiab ib ce muaj zog txoj cai ntawm cov niam txiv pov tseg ntawm lub neej thiab txoj kev zoo siab ntawm nws tus ntxhais. Moral txiv neej, los yog es vile thiab qias neeg txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev, ntev mus yuav nws tawm mus rau ib tug nplua nuj txiv neej laus laus, supposedly thiaj li ua txhua yam, thiab nws yog tsis muaj exception. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib xyoo, thiab nws tus me nyuam yog tuag ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab. Tab sis cov "ncaj ncees tus neeg" siab ntseeg hais tias nws yog "tsis muaj ib tug tau ua nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm kev phem."

Artistic txhais tau tias tus neeg sau

Yuav ua li cas nws ua nws zaj paj huam Nekrasov ( "ncaj ncees txiv neej")? Tus nqe yog sau mas dvuhstopnym pentameter, uas muaj pyrrhics. Lub ua ke ntawm txoj, muaj tus ntoo khaub lig vaj lug kub thiab cov khub sib dhos. Tab sis ib qho yooj yim nyeem ntawv, tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab lawm raws li ua tsis taus pa. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm Nekrasov ( "kev coj tsis ncaj tus neeg") yog ib nqe ntawm plaub suav quatrains, txhua kaum stanzas.

Tus sau tsis siv adjectives, similes, metaphors, siv colloquial hais lus, uas nws thawj ua siab loj nkag mus rau hauv cov paj huam. Nws muab txhua hnub tsw tag nrho cov kev ua ntawm lub protagonist. Nws style yog kev ywj pheej. Irony permeates tag nrho paj huam raws li ib tug artistic txoj kev yog realism. Cov tib refrain yog pheej rov qab ua nyob rau hauv txhua quatrain, nqus tus nyeem ntawv lub mloog mus rau cov abominable tas luav, dab tsi tshwm rau peb tsis dawb huv cowardly egotist.

"Lub ncaj ncees txiv neej" (Nekrasov): lub ntsiab thiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov paj huam

Cov kev kawm cov khoom steel morals ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov kws sau paj lug cem rhuav tus neeg twg uas yog nkaum nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo thiab kev ua tau yog thiab yuav phem. Nws dispels tag nrho cov thiaj li hu ua txiv neej zoo, uas qhia close-up ntawm meanness, thiab hais lus ntawm nws tab thiab tsis muaj embellishment. Txoj kev ntseeg haiv neeg muaj li ntawm me me-minded Fellows uas xav txog lawv tus kheej tug ncej uas lub xeev tuas, thiab yog lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov paj huam.