Anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab": lub keeb kwm ntawm creation, hauj lwm, yam ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv txhua lub xeev, yog hais muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv huab cua ntxeem tau anti-aircraft missile systems (SAMs). Nyob rau 18 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1958, nyob rau hauv raws li cov Resolution ntawm lub CPSU Central Committee, pib tsim ua hauj lwm SAM "Thawv muaj rau sab" nyob rau hauv lub Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm instrumentation. Huab cua tiv thaiv missile system tsim los tiv thaiv hauv av pab tub rog thiab armored kev sib cais los ntawm huab cua nres los ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov yeeb ncuab lub hom phaj ntawm nruab nrab thiab tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj.

Yuav ua li cas yog SAM USSR?

"Thawv muaj rau sab" - anti-aircraft missile system, muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj kev sib ntaus los txhais tau tias:

• Antiaircraft coj missile 3M9.
• Self-Propelled ua tau zoo kev tshawb kawm thiab kev cob qhia (1S91).
• Self-Propelled launcher 2P25 installation.

Leej twg yog koom tes nrog rau hauv cov creation ntawm SAM nyob rau hauv lub USSR?

Tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los cov cuab yeej uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab", tsim ib lub zuj zus. Rau txhua qhov chaw twb muab ib tug thawj designer, saib xyuas lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev tshwm sim. 1S91 self-propelled phom twb tsim nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm AA Rastova. Semi-active radar lub taub hau 2P25, ua homing cuaj luaj kom txog rau thaum 1960 tsim cov thawj ntawm cov designer Yu Vekhov. Nws successor nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm yog tus IG Akopyan nyob rau hauv 1960. Lub luag hauj lwm rau tag nrho cov anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab" thiab nws tau los ua cov thawj ntawm cov designer ntawm OKB-15 V. V. Tihomirov.

Tsim thiab ua hauj lwm launcher

Self-Propelled launcher twb muab tso rau hauv chassis ntawm cov GM-578 nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb phab xis, uas muaj qhia rau cov cuaj luaj. 2P25 muaj hluav taws xob actuators, navigation khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tus kheej-propelled phom twb nruab nrog xam pab kiag li lawm, siv yooj yim roj-turbine fais nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom ntawm topographic qhov chaw, encoded ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus thiab kev tswj ntawm lub prestart installation. ob nyob tau siv rau docking nrog lub foob pob ua ntxaij launcher. Lawv muab tso rau hauv ib lub foob pob ua ntxaij. Tus txheej txheem nws prelaunch kev taw qhia ua los ntawm kev siv tsav phab xis uas yog xyaum los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv 1S91. Radiotelekodovaya link 2P25 muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Combat installation xam yog peb. 2P25 hnyav mus txog 19,5 tons.

missile ntaus ntawv

Anti-aircraft missile complex "lub voos xwmfab" 3M9 nruab nrog ib tug mos txwv lub tsev nyob rau hauv raws li lub tswvyim "teb tis". Los ntawm nws txoj kev counterpart 3M8 yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm ntxiv tswj chaw. Vim lawv loj siv teb tis designers tau txo. Tsis tas li ntawd, servos tsis xav tau ib tug muaj hwj huam. Cov hydraulic tsav tau hloov los ntawm sib zog cua.

Target tshaaj nrog qhov pib thiab nws them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv lub doppler zaus ua semiactive radar homing lub taub hau 1SB4, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug missile, muaj ib tug ua ke propulsion system. Nyhav NWS fragmentation warhead yog 57 kg. Avtodiodny dual fuze muab qhov hais kom ua rau qhov kev siv ntawm nws cov av. foob pob ua ntxaij loj yog 5.8 m, lub cheeb - 33 cm. Cov sau missile thauj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntim, uas tau raug tsim los ntawm folding stabilizers consoles.

Yuav ua li cas lub post-combustion foob pob ua ntxaij chamber?

Tus nqi ntawm cov roj generator tom qab nws combustion nkag los ntawm huab cua inlets nyob rau hauv lub afterburning chamber nyob rau hauv uas qhov kawg combustion ntawm cov roj twb tau. Khoom roj xwb nws tus kheej yog ib tug 172-phaus foob pob kab uas hla ntawm 29 cm thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 1.7 meters. Rau nws raug ballistic roj siv. Cua intakes tau payment rau supersonic ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob. Thaum lub sij hawm lub community launch txog lub foob pob ua ntxaij tag nrho cov huab cua qhov quav nruj nreem kaw los ntawm fiberglass plugs. Pib ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij community launch tau ua nyob rau ntawm lub lub community launch site ua ntej xws li boosters.

Start ntawd kub ntev li 5 vib nas this. Lub puab yog ib feem ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij nozzle, uas tuav lub fiberglass grating, 5-6 vib nas this tom qab tua rov qab, thiab cov theem uas lub lag luam midcourse.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab paub tab 1S91

Self-Propelled kev tshawb kawm thiab kev cob qhia muaj:

• Radar radar chaw nres tsheb uas nrhiav kom tau thiab mus txog qhovtwg yog ua aerial lub hom phiaj.
• Illumination 1S31. Nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov cuab tam ua lub hom phiaj paub, navigation, topographic qhov chaw, radiotelekodovaya kev twb kev txuas nrog rau tag nrho system "Thawv muaj rau sab". Anti-aircraft missile system (pictured hauv qab no) tau ua tiav nrog ob yam radar kav hlau txais xov: 1S11 thiab 1S31.

Lawv ua ib tug yeej saib xyuas ntawm 15 rpm. Lub antennas tau spaced cab kuj frequencies. Ob-txoj kev mloog xov tooj cua raws tau nruab nrog dab, uas kho yog ib tug taw tes ntawm lub focal dav hlau. Ntes, paub thiab nrog lub aerial phiaj yuav ua tau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 300 rau 70 000 thiab ib qhov siab ntawm 30 mus rau 7,000 meters.

1S91 self-propelled phom twb nyob rau lub chassis ntawm cov GM-568. Nyhav nyiaj yog 20.3 tons. Neeg coob Management muaj plaub tug neeg.

xeem SAM

Nyob rau hauv 1959, anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab" twb dhau nws cov thawj xeem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no ua hauj lwm cov nram qab no weaknesses tau lawm tias:

• Cua intakes twb hai tsim.
• afterburning chamber yog nrog neeg pluag thermal barrier txheej. Qhov no shortcoming yog vim lub fact tias titanium yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua cov koob yees duab. Tom qab kuaj no hlau twb hloov los ntawm cov hlau.

Nyob rau hauv 1961, cov thawj ntawm cov designer, koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "Cuba", tau raug hloov. Cuaj kaum, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau lub acceleration ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los txhim kho cov anti-missile system. Los ntawm 1961 mus 1963 83 cuaj luaj twb launched. Ntawm no, tsuas yog peb kev vam meej lub lub community launch. Nyob rau hauv 1964 lub thawj foob pob ua ntxaij uas muaj lub warhead twb tso tawm. Nws twb hit los ntawm IL-28, ya rau nruab nrab altitude. Ntxiv launches tau zoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv 1967, lub tog Central Committee txiav txim siab los txais yuav anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab" nyob rau hauv lub caj npab hauv lub Army. Nws launched ib qhov project los mus tsim ib tug qauv rau export.

Export version ntawm lub 2K12 "Thawv muaj rau sab"

Huab cua tiv thaiv missile system, uas nws cov yam ntxwv txawv los ntawm nws cov puag analogue, twb tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv 1971. Txawv cuam tshuam systems uas ua kom paub tias ntawm huab cua lub hom phaj.

Anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab" ( "Square" - lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag npaj rau export) tau tau tiav los ntawm kev hloov lub theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cuam tshuam, ua rau nws tau paub qhov txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub xeev accessory. Lub export qauv yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv lub tropics.

Anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab-M1"

Ua raws li cov ua hauj lwm rau Modernization nyob rau hauv 1973, armed nrog Soviet Army ib tug paub version - SAM "Thawv muaj rau sab-M1." Ua tsim kev txhim kho tau txhab rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lub hom phiaj qhov chaw, paub tiv thaiv ntawm lub homing lub taub hau ntawm lub ntau yam cuam tshuam, cov pib lub sij hawm tsis pub tshaj 5 vib nas this. Cov kav hlau txais xov ntawm tus radar tau muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm anti-radar cuaj luaj.

Qhov twg siv SAM?

Los ntawm 1967 mus 1982, thawj anti-aircraft missile system "Thawv muaj rau sab" tau lug exported rau txawv teb chaws qhov twg muaj active hostilities. Tsis yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm huab cua kws muaj txuj ci nyob rau hauv lub Arab-Israeli tsov rog twb puas cua quab yuam cov Yixayee. Nyob rau hauv 1999, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov kev tso hoob pob ntawm NATO rog nquag siv no complex Yugoslavia. Lub disadvantage SAM suav hais tias yog neeg txhaum ntawm nws cov TV raws tsis nruj heev heev rau yav hmo ntuj ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm no ntawm lub hnub feem ntau hais txog ib tug tshuab los ntawm NATO.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm "lub teb chaws Cuba" yog ices. Reflecting hmo ntuj huab cua tsoo, cov tub rog ntawm Yugoslavia poob peb SAMs.

Niaj hnub no SAM "Thawv muaj rau sab" siv Slovakia. SAM comprises ib self-propelled launcher thiab peb cuaj luaj. Qhov no kev hloov kho yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau tshaj, thiab yog hu ua tus "Thawv muaj rau sab-M2" nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov complex series.