"Yoov Tshaj Cum" - antiship missile

Tej zaum, raws li cov Navy yog ib txwm tau mus muab ib tug txaus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub teb chaws lub tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ua thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Thiab ntawm no nws tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kim ships thiab submarines. Niaj hnub nimno fleet - high-tech industries, uas tus thawj "khiav-nyob rau hauv" qhov tseeb offensive thiab defensive riam phom.

Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog yog kav los ntawm hnyav lub nkoj tua rog nrog haib tiv thaiv thiab kuj yooj yim muaj rau kiv cua-tsav dav hlau, tab sis tam sim no qhov teeb meem no tau hloov dramatically. Navy yuav luag tag nrho cov "hiav txwv" ntawm lub teb chaws koom coj mus rau hauv qhov kev pab ib tug kuj me me thiab nimble ncuab, nce, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm submarines thiab aircraft muaj pom tau hais tias ib hom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug offensive caij hem lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj lub cev tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tam sim no naval battles yog tsis tau tib yam: cov tw feem ntau tsis pom txhua lwm yam txawm rau lub qab ntug, thiab lub yeej ensured ib tug haib missile riam phom, ib tug pov uas tej zaum yuav zoo xa ib tug lossis loj tus yeeb ncuab nkoj mus rau hauv qab. Peb lub teb chaws muaj ib tug uas zoo - ib tug system ntawm "Yoov Tshaj Cum". Qhov no missile, uas yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv lub USSR, yog ib tug paub txoj kev uas yuav tau lees tias ib tug muaj kev thaj yeeb sib haum.

Pib ntawm kev loj hlob

Ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm riam phom pib nyob rau hauv 1973. Nyob rau hauv tsim tau kawm dozens ntawm kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab tsim los ntawm thoob plaws lub USSR. "Yoov Tshaj Cum" - ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij, muas thaum chiv thawj tsim los hloov cov laus hom zoo xws li cov riam phom thiab npaj yuav tsum tau ntsia rau yeeb ncuab thiab missile tej nkoj nquam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws txawm peem rau nrog kev sib ntaus los wig.

Ua ntej adopting lub foob pob ua ntxaij yuav tsum mus ib qho impressive series ntawm pov thawj kev ntsuam xyuas uas tau pib xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1978. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug landfill, "Sandy Nqaj", qhov twg ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov yav tom ntej cov khoom thiab qhia tau tseeb cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov ntsiab xyaw tau nqa tawm. Lub xeev kuj ntsuam xyuas txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 1982.

Lawv pom zoo raws li ntse tiav tsuas yog tom qab tua destroyer "Desperado", nyob rau hauv lub Barents hiav txwv. Hom Phaj raug tua los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 27 km, qhov yuav tsum tau ncaj qha ntaus ob lub hom phaj. Foob pob ua ntxaij thiab neeg coob coped nrog no ua hauj lwm zoo.

Feem ntau, tsuas yog tus foob pob ua ntxaij twb launched xwb 15 lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm cov kev nyuaj siab, txoj kev vam meej twb tau tiav nyob rau hauv yim neeg mob, ib tug ib nrab kev vam meej - tsib. Sau kom tiav tsis ua hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ob tug pib. Tab sis tsis sai li sai tau txais yuav qhov domestic fleet yog "Yoov Tshaj Cum"! Lub missile muaj ib tug puv tsib xyoo, los ntawm 1983 mus 1985, twb raug mus rau ntau yam tsim kev txhim kho thiab Modernization, kom txog rau thaum nws lub peev xwm yog thaum kawg tsis suav tias yog txaus.

Yog li, thawj zaug ntau twb tau nce yuav luag rau lub sij hawm (!), Tes Haujlwm ib daim duab ntawm 125 kilometers, thiab mus txog rau nws tag nrho compatibility nrog ekranoplan "Lun", uas saib kuas txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv ntawm zoo siv tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub USSR muab kev siv ntawm cov foob pob ua ntxaij.

Tso, kev hloov kho,

Nws ua thiab tso tawm nws txoj "kev kawm", nyob rau hauv lub Primorsky Territory. Lub missile tau pheej pom hais tias ob qho tag nrho rau domestic Zhukovsky (MAX), thiab nyob tag nrho thoob ntiaj teb miv ntawm caj npab (nyob rau hauv Abu Dhabi, piv txwv li).

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 80-ies ntawm lub complex tau officially txais yuav los ntawm lub ncuab teej tug mus rau cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm "niaj hnub" Project 956, thiab nyob rau hauv 1984 lawv pib tsim kom muaj tshaj missile nrog ib tug launcher CT-190. "Yoov Tshaj Cum" yog sai tsim thiab aviation. Lub missile tau txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1992 mus 1994.

Yuav ua li cas yog?

Lub complex thiab lub foob pob ua ntxaij tau tsim rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau yam pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nto ships, thauj rau lub tsaws, raws li zoo raws li lub nkoj uas nyob hauv convoy thiab ib lub hom phaj. Qhov no kuj muaj xws li ships rau ib tug huab cua cushion thiab dej tis, uas txog thaum ces twb tau yuav luag invulnerable rau missile vim hais tias ntawm nws cov high cruise tshaj tawm.

Zoo puas lawm ships, uas yog lub xaav ntawm mus txog 20,000 tons. Tau lub hom phiaj ceev - mus txog rau 100 ntshav. Lub missile yuav ntaus tus yeeb ncuab txawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm khaus hluav taws thiab radar rau counter rau tom kawg. Yog tsis yog ib tug hindrance, thiab muaj huab cua phem thiab climatic yam. Anti-nkoj missile nws tus kheej "yoov tshaj cum" yuav siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv ambient kub ntawm -25 mus +50 degrees Celsius.

ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob

Hiav txwv lub xeev siv lub "Yoov Tshaj Cum" yuav ncav cuag cia li rau cov ntsiab lus (yog hais tias tus lub hom phiaj yog me me - txog li tsib) thiab cua ceev (kev taw qhia nws tsis) - txog li 20 meters ib ob. Soviet designers muaj kev tswj los mus tsim ib tug missile uas yuav ntaus lub hom phiaj txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug nuclear tawg.

Tib yam yog yus muaj los ntawm anti-nkoj missile "Yoov Tshaj Cum" huab cua-raws li? Basic yam ntxwv tsis txawv los ntawm lub naval kev xaiv. Qhov no complex yuav txawm peem rau nrog aircraft Su-33 (Su-27K) thiab lwm tus neeg uas pub nkoj-raws li.

lub complex

Muaj ntau xav hais tias cov heev "Yoov Tshaj Cum" yog li ntawm xwb ib qhov chaw rau lub lub community launch txog lub missile, tab sis nws tsis yog. Nws muaj ob peb ntau yam ntawm lawv: standard antiship supersonic hom Tsawg-altitude, mus ntaus ib lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm intensive huab cua tiv thaiv systems, raws li zoo raws li ib tug plhaub nrog "ntse" kev taw qhia ZM-80. Management yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub lub community launch ntawm 3 c-80 system installation rau kev taw qhia CT-152M. Thaum nws los txog rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv nrog ib tug ruaj ruaj rau peb xyaum? Complex, tswj assumes ib zaug xwb set ntawm CCW 3F80.

Kev nta

Foob pob ua ntxaij belongs rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub teeb, nws layout yog tsim nyob rau hauv classical aerodynamic configuration. Daim ntawv nyo hau ogive, lub arrangement ntawm feathers thiab tis - X-puab. Cov tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw no yog ua los collapsible rau ib qho yooj yim thauj thiab tuav nyob rau hauv lub starting thawv. Lub cev lub ntsiab cua intakes distinguished kom meej meej, thiab rau pem hauv ntej Fairing ntsia radiotransparent ua noj.

Lwm yam ntxwv nws txawm ntau impressive:

• Missile ntev - los ntawm 9.4 mus 9.7 meters (nyob ntawm seb lub kev hloov kho thiab tsev).
• Maximum acceleration - txog li 2.8 Mach.
• Yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntau ntawm hluav taws - 10 kis lus mev.
• Tua tawm hnyav - los ntawm 4 mus rau 4.5 tons.
• Nyhav warhead - ntawm 300 mus 320 kg.
• Txee lub neej nyob rau hauv lub community launch thawv - txog li 1.5 xyoos.
• Tam sim no modernized missile yuav ntaus lub hom phiaj thaum khiav los ntawm onshore mus rau ib tug deb ntawm 240 kis lus mev.

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm lug siv sib ntshiab titanium, qib steel alloys thiab fiberglass.

Cov fais fab nroj tsuag ua ke. Muaj pib hmoov cav bouncer missile los ntawm lub community launch canister, thiab Sustainer dav hlau propulsion 3D83. Hmoov tsuj roj yog nyob ncaj qha rau hauv lub nozzle ntawm lub ntsiab engine. Nws burns kiag li nyob rau hauv thawj peb los yog plaub lub vib nas this, tom qab uas nws tau raug thawb los ntawm cov huab cua khiav balances.

kev taw qhia system

Cov kev taw qhia system yog kuj ua los ntawm neej tswvyim. Navigation - inertial hom, raws li zoo raws li active-passive radar taw qhia lub taub hau. "Highlight" yog marching tswj system, los ntawm kev uas kom ib tug siab ntau yam ntawm tsoo lub hom phiaj txawm tias thaum nws yog active hluav taws countermeasures. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no daim duab mas nws txawv ntawm 0,94 mus 0.98.

Davhlau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm acceleration tshaj ob strides, lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog ib tug heev tham trajectory. Tam sim ntawd tom qab pib ntawm lub plhaub ua lub classic "toj", ua raws li los ntawm ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws - mus txog rau ib qhov siab ntawm 20 meters. Thaum lub hom phiaj yog cuaj kilometers deb, muaj ib tug txawm ntau drastic yuav txo tau, mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm xya meters, tom qab uas lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog cia li tshaj lub crests ntawm lub vuag, Maneuvering tus nab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau yuav ua tau ntau maneuvers, thiab overloading yog feem ntau ntau tshaj li 10G.

lub hom phiaj koom tes

Vim xws yam ntxwv ntawm lub missile "yoov tshaj cum" (thiab "Malachite", nws precursor) yog ib tug tuag teeb meem rau yuav luag txhua tej zaum yeeb ncuab lub nkoj. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm cov anti-nqaum tiv thaiv txhais tau tias lawv txo rau xoom qhov tshwm sim rau "bloodless" yeeb ncuab quab yuam landings.

Defeat tus yeeb ncuab nkoj ensured los ntawm limiting tus kinetic zog thiab ib tug haib tawg rau hauv lub nkoj. Ib tug missile yooj yim mus qhia rau hauv qab ntawm cov cruiser, thiab 15-17 daim yuav zoo coj tag nrho cov nkoj grouping. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo cruise missile "Yoov Tshaj Cum" uas nraim nws yog suab tsis yooj yim sua. Nws nrhiav kom tau xwb 3-4 vib nas this ua ntej lub tua hluav taws kev sib cuag nrog lub hom phiaj, tab sis vim hais tias cov laus Soviet tsim yog tseem saib taus thiab ntshai tsam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm cov rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Kev pab thiab niaj hnub xeev

SCRC "Yoov Tshaj Cum" massively mounted rau Project 956 ncuab (ob quad set), anti-submarine ships ntawm peb tes num 11556 "Admiral Lobov", raws li zoo raws li zoo tag nrho missile nkoj project 1241,9. Nws twb mounted rau ib tug tsav project me me missile nkoj Project 1239 (hovercraft), nyob rau hauv 1240 cua ntsawj ntshab hlab ntsha, raws li zoo raws li lub wig "Lun" hais saum toj no, rau cov uas qhov foob pob ua ntxaij tau tiag modernize.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb cov uas lub missile "Yoov Tshaj Cum", tus yam ntxwv uas muaj twb tau raug nplua saum toj no, yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm nqaum tiv thaiv raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv nqaum aircraft, nws yog mounted tshaj lub Su-27K (Su-33) dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug coj rau lub rooj tsavxwm hauv lub projectile, uas yog tshem tawm rau sab nraum ntawm cov fuselage ntawm lub pods.

Cov kev txhim kho ntau yam

Nyob rau hauv 1981 nws muab ib tug cai raws li uas nws yog tsim nyog los ho txhim kho lub ntsiab cav mus cuag cov ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm rockets. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij "Yoov Tshaj Cum-M", kaum uas tau nqa tawm ua ntej mus rau lub start-up lub sij hawm los ntawm 1987 mus 1989. Soviet engineers twb tau ua rau kom cov khwv kom 153 kilometers ib zaug, thiab ib tug hloov version yog 3M-80E los.

Tam sim no, lub foob pob ua ntxaij "Yoov Tshaj Cum", uas nws yees duab yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, yuav tsum tau ntsia nyob zoo tag nrho cov hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab ncuab thiab lwm yam warships, nrog rau cov missile tej nkoj nquam, raws li zoo raws li exported. Pub nws mount (optional) rau ib tug haum txawv teb chaws warships.

tseem ceeb

Uas foob pob ua ntxaij "Yoov Tshaj Cum", uas nws ua tau zoo yam ntxwv tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm muaj cai los mus tsim ib qhov project ntawm ib lub nkoj. Nws tus yam ntxwv yog ib yam uas muab ib tug me me missile tej nkoj nquam yuav luag hauj lwm zoo destroyer. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws tau txo tus nqi los ntawm kaum tawm ntawm lub sij hawm lub creation ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged naval pab pawg neeg, tsis muaj kev txi nws sib ntaus sib tua zoo. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub loj loj raws li ntawm cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Soviet Union nws yog tseem ceeb heev.

Ntawm lwm yam, xws li ib tug tawm tsam riam phom yuav tsuas invaluable tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob, thaum nyob rau hauv Russia yog cia li pib mus tau recreated qub Oceanic grouping ntawm ships. Tam sim no, yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb nta rau nkag mus rau lub loj ships nyob rau hauv lub Navy, li ntawd, lub zeem muag ntawm ib tug tag nrho-ncuab nrog cov "Yoov Tshaj Cum" on board yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Yog li ntawd Soviet txoj kev loj hlob yog tseem heev, ntev heev lub sij hawm tuaj sau.