"Arisaka" - ib tug phom loj ua nyob rau hauv Nyiv

Yog hais tias koj yog txawm me ntsis xav nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws cov tub rog, tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov tsawg kawg yog ib ob peb ntawm nrws ntawm txawv teb chaws ntaj los sis phom. Tus thawj los txog rau lub siab yog ib tug tshuab rab phom "Maxim", ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav nco qab lub "Lewis", qhov no muaj xws li "Vickers" British tso tsheb hlau luam. Tiam sis ntawm no "Arisaka", Japanese-ua phom loj, paub tsis rau txhua leej txhua tus. Cuaj kaum, qhov riam phom ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab xeev.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914, cov imperial pab tub rog sai sai pom tau hais tias ... nws yog banal tsis muaj txaus cov mos txwv, phom, mos txwv thiab phom .... Kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus teem ntau lawm kom txaus tooj ntawm ib tug neeg me me caj npab. Ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm thiab cov tub rog: zaj dab neeg zog "hinting" lub sij hawm uas loj loj, tab sis heev untrained armies thaum kawg dhau lawm.

Paub qhov tseeb, thaum muaj ib tug ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab generals, cov tub rog mus round tshuav txoj hauj lwm (lawv ntshai cov German offensive) pom ... pua pua txhiab tus uas siv phom ntev thiab kaum ntawm lab ntawm cov rounds ntawm cov mos txwv. Thiab qhov no txawm lub fact tias cov riam phom tau ua scarce, factories tsuas yuav tsis tau tiv nrog lub sharply nce volume ntawm cov zis los ntawm tus kawg ntawm xyoo 1914.

economic ib ce thiab downs

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, decidedly Corporate riam phom. Thiab ces tus tsarist tsoom fwv txiav txim siab tig los rau nws tus qub yeeb ncuab, Nyiv. Japanese phom loj "Arisaka" zoo proven nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm tus tsov rog. Txawm ntse heev Fedorov thawj tsim ib lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj lub tshuab yog nyob rau hauv nws cov patron. Tsis tas li ntawd, oddly txaus, nws yog tus Japanese tau ntau npaum li cas "lub siab dawb siab", tsis wringing nws caj npab neeg tsis ntseeg kev pab kho mob cov nqi.

Txawm li cas los, tsis txhob xav Japanese altruistic: qhov tseeb hais tias thaum chiv thawj ntau tshaj 35 txhiab phom twb npaj rau Mexican cov tub rog, tab sis tus US tsoom fwv maj mam hinted hais tias "lub Mexican kev txiav txim" nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tawm. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov Rising Sun tau txiav txim siab los txais yam tsawg kawg ib co kev pab. Ib phom loj "Arisaka" muag los ntawm tus thawj daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv Russia, Ameslikas nqi ... 29 rubles. Thiab qhov no txawm lub fact tias domestic factories muaj "trehlineyki" nqi 41 rubles ib chav tsev. Yog li ntawd hais tias tus thawj lub tswv yim mag ntxias tau.

Tus thawj qhov teeb meem nrog lub ceev

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm trading nrog Nyiv nws yuav luag plaub lab phom. Uas yog cia li raws nraim, tsuas yog thawj 35,000 units thiaj raug muab rau lub sij hawm. Heev sai sai no rau cov teeb meem pib: Mikado yeej tsis xav kom txi mobilization reserves ntawm nws tus kheej pab tub rog. Nrog teeb meem loj, tswj kom pom zoo rau cov mov ntawm xwb 200 txhiab units, thiab cov tej yam kev mob twb humiliating.

Txhua phom loj Japanese tau ua tag nrho cov 100 rounds. Tom qab heev heev thov tau kom tus nqi no ... rau 125 nqi. Ludicrous paj tau paj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim hais tias tag nrho cov mos txwv twb laus, tshaj ntawd tus warranty lub sij hawm ntawm cia. Lawv raug coj mus rau lub mobilization ntawm warehouses uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kauslim Teb.

Tom qab ntawd xa tuaj muaj feem ntau tab hnav, qub yeej "dubious meej mom" raws li lawv yog yus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog. Tab sis lawv yog ib tug zoo twj tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm ib tug tsis tshua sluggish nce nyob rau hauv ntau lawm los ntawm lub domestic kev lag luam. Raws li qhia los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub sij hawm, cov phom loj "Arisaka", muab qhia tawm uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, twb ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog txhua txhua kaum division. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias lawv lawv tus kheej CSKA jokingly xa mus rau lawv raws li "Japanese."

"Tuam Tshoj los yog phom"

Tsis ntev tag nrho hais txog mov thiab tsoo "diplomatic bargaining" nyob rau Nyiajpoom Teb thaum lub sij hawm muab rau pem hauv ntej tus naas ej "21 xav" mus rau Tuam Tshoj, muab luag Vajtswv lub siab nyiam hauv lub teb chaws thiab tus nrog paub txog lub Japanese txoj hauj lwm tsoom fwv. Chiv, Lavxias teb sab diplomats tawm tsam xws li ib tug brazen xav tau ... tab sis lub German pab tub rog launched ib tug offensive nyob rau hauv Galicia, dictated nws cov ntsiab lus. Nrog rau cov tacit pom zoo los ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsoom fwv, Tuam Tshoj twb yuam kom kos npe rau ib tug-ib tog daim ntawv cog lus.

Thiab tom qab uas teb chaws Nyiv Pooj coj tshaj thiab peb lub teb chaws. Inspired uncomplaining xa mus rau tus huab tais, tus Japanese diplomats pib muab rau pem hauv ntej "breathtakingly brazen xav tau" qhia, nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau hauv lub "thov" ... muab tag nrho cov Far East nyob rau hauv pauv rau ib lub lousy lab phom. Rau cov credit ntawm domestic diplomats, xws impudence yuav tsis tau thaum nws, txawm hais lus txog nws pib. Ntxiv mus, lub Japanese attache tiag tiag ntaus tau cov txheej txheem, ces cov "searchlights" trading khub yog tsis muab tso rau pem hauv ntej.

Ntxiv mus, Nyiv tau pom zoo nrog qhov kev thov rau cov muag khoom ntawm lwm lab riam phom. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm lub sij hawm txhua txhua phom loj "Arisaka" twb raug nqi 32-35 rubles. Tab sis nws yog tseem pheej yig dua tshaj domestic qauv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Japanese pib xa tej ammo niaj hnub qauv.

Interestingly, lub Japanese bayonet "qauv 30" phom loj "Arisaka" yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, me ntsis luv luv dagger. Txij li thaum domestic "Mosinok" feeb ntau tau koob bayonets, cov tub rog armed nrog "txawv teb chaws" riam phom, tau yooj yim yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tej kev yees duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

teb chaws intermediaries

Tsis tas li ntawd mas hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov 60,000 "Arisaka", Ameslikas muag Japanese hais. "Hluas nkauj ntawm lub Seas" los ntawm lub sij hawm uas, dhau lawm, yog nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim teeb meem no, txawm lub dag lub zog ntawm nws steel nroj tsuag. Tab sis txhua "English" phom loj "Arisaka" thaum kawg nws yog ib yam nyob rau Lavxias teb sab arsenals. Qhov tseeb yog tias los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 1915 Germans dua tshaj li lub offensive, tawm hauv lub British tsoom fwv, nws yog tsis tshua muaj ntshai los ntawm no qhov tseeb, nws txiav txim siab los "kaw Teutonic Lavxias teb sab avalanche txhob." Phom mus rau peb lub teb chaws.

Yog li, los ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 1917 nws tau yuav ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm riam phom thiab ntau mos txwv mus rau lawv. Uas yog tsuas yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub "Japanese Arisaka phom loj" - tsis muaj ib cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws peb muaj li qhia siv kuj tauj xya (!) Ntawm nws cov ntau kev hloov kho, uas tsim countless cov teeb meem thiab tsis muaj kev npaj txhij tuaj mus procurers. Interestingly, lub xeem 150 txhiab "Arisaka" tau yuav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig.

Tab sis tom qab tus hais lus ntawm V. I. Lenina lub "kev thaj yeeb thiab teb chaws" zaj dab neeg "Japanese cov poj niam" nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog deb ntawm tiav. Peb yuav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej lawv tiv thaiv ob liab thiab dawb lub khwb ib feem. Thiab lub tswv yim rau ua daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov riam phom es sib txawv teeb meem los ntawm uas nws tuaj. Tsis tau feem ntau ntawm nws cov "neeg siv" pom zoo hais tias cov phom loj "Arisaka" (duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha ua tsov rog. Nco ntsoov tias lub Japanese "kom lub hom" kom txog thaum 1944, thaum vim lub loj economic teeb meem ntawm lub zoo ntawm manufactured riam phom plummeted.

Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov phom siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tawm tsam sab nyob rau hauv lub Civil War? Cov ntaub ntawv no yog sib txawv heev. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias ib co ntawm cov ncaj qha subordinate rau Kolchak, twb ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog lawv yuav luag tsis muaj kev zam. Tab sis lub xov tooj ntawm "Arisaka" nyob rau hauv lub Red Army nyob rau hauv tej yam sij hawm mus txog 1/3 ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov ua hauj lwm ib tug neeg me me caj npab.

Gunsmiths kuj hais tias hais tsis zoo Latvian riflemen twb mas armed nrog "Arisaka". Yog li ntawd hais tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov phom nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws no heev.

Yuav ua li cas txog "Arisaka" xav tias cov tub rog?

Misc. Thiab nws depended, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov kev theem ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws, theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, cov hom ntawm cov phom. Yog hais tias "Japanese Arisaka phom loj" yog ib lub tshiab, ces tej kev thuam nyob rau ntawm nws yuav luag tsis yog. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov laus hooks muaj tsis kaj siab vaj tse, qhia nyob rau hauv "los ntawm so" rooj vag. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov no yog tsis zoo li ua cawv txiv hmab phom rau lawv tus kheej: tej zaum yuav mus blame lawv tus kheej tua hluav taws rau lub hlis tsis yog ib tug txhob txwm tus kheej riam phom.

Tsis ntev los no tus neeg mob ntawm kev siv

Tom qab tsov rog phom loj "Arisaka" hom 30 yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab uas muaj ntau lub teb chaws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau ntawm cov riam phom nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog kawg no Finland thiab Estonia, qhov twg qhov "Japanese" yog yuav luag universal ciam teb tiv thaiv tau ua ntaj riam thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv 1941, "Arisaka" ua los ntawm lub mobilization kev npaj tej zaum muab militias thiab rear qhov chaw, tab sis coob leej ntau tus, lawv tsis tau txais. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR zus tau tej cov riam phom tau muab tso rau hauv kwj deg, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm nws tsis muaj kev li sorely muaj. Nws yog tau hais tias qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws arsenals tseem muaj remnants ntawm cov rarities. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub xeem batch ntawm cov kaus poom "Arisaka" twb raug xa mus rau lub smelter Ukrainian Armed Forces nyob rau hauv 1993.

General kev ntaub ntawv

Raws li nyob rau hauv Nyiv, thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, feem ntau muaj ob hom ntawm cov phom, "hom 30" (cov thawj zoo) thiab "hom 99". Lawv differed nyob rau hauv caliber. Yog hais tias cov laus "peb caug" yog siv rau firing ib cartridge 6,5h50 txawv kev hloov kho, rau qhov "hom 99" cais mos txwv ntau zog hwj chim tau tsim - 7,7h58. Feem ntau cov yuav, txawv txawv rau cov Japanese gauge tau borrowed los ntawm lub British nrog lawv "Lee-Enfield".

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws mus txog rau lub xaus ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm no ua tsov rog tau ntsib phom loj "Arisaka" hom 38. Qhov no yog tus thib ob cov kev hloov kho, lub sij hawm ntawm nws kev loj hlob hnub rov qab mus rau hauv lub 1900s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Raws li rau lub specifications, ces cov phom loj - nws yog ib tug raug piv txwv ntawm riam phom ntawm nws lub sij hawm, muaj ib co txawv nta. Lub chim yog muab tub YAM ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Cov yav tas muaj ob tug lugs. Chiv Colonel Arisaka, uas yog tus thawj designer ntawm qhov riam phom zoo ib yam li cov qauv nrog peb lugs, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm ntau lawm thiab yuav tsum tau mus txo tus nqi ntawm cov phom loj coj mus rau ib tug simplification ntawm nws cov qauv.

lwm cov nta

Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj kav muaj ib tug caij nplooj ntoos hlav loaded ejector. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov siv "Arisaka" cartridges muaj flanges (ob domestic thiab 7,62h54), hauv lub receiver, nyob rau hauv nws sab laug sab, fastened Reflector (cutter).

Lub taub qab, pw saum txaj receiver thiab chim hauv ob sab phlu ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no chiv sim siv ib tug noob txiv, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1944-1945, thaum lub nyiaj txiag teeb meem ntawm kev tsov kev rog Nyiv tau raug kev txom nyem heev, manufacturers yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov uas pheej yig tshaj cov tsiaj ntawm cov ntoo, thiab cov taub qab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub thiab rau tag nrho cov ua los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj-qib plywood.

Interestingly shutter pob qhov rooj: nws yog heev loj, nyob rau hauv nws tus ntoo khaub lig seem tsa ib tug qaib qe. Xaiv xws li ib tug daim ntawv yog vim lub fact tias tej kev txom nyem nws tau muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau yooj yim tshaj plaws. Interestingly, lub firing pin caij nplooj ntoos hlav positioned nyob rau hauv lub tubular feem ntawm lub striker, uas nws yog zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm hmoov av, ya raws thiab cov av. Qhov no yog vim lub high cia siab rau ntawm cov riam phom, uas tau hais ntau ntau zaus hais tias ob qho tag nrho domestic thiab txawv teb chaws cov tub rog.

Ib zaug ntxiv, vim hais tias ntawm no xyov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau rhiab rau kis ntawm nws gunpowder muaj hmoov quav (feem 'los ntawm so "uas peb twb hais saum toj no). Txawm yog nqa riam phom mus rau hauv xws li ib tug lub xeev nws yuav tsum tau "sim" tsis muaj tu rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, "Arisaka" muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cover-cover los tiv thaiv lub rooj vag los ntawm kab mob sib kis. Tab sis nws cov tswv yim muaj nuj nqis yog tsis tshua muaj neeg uas tsis muaj: lub hau yog lossi rattling, tsim ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem thaum mus (muaj yog ib tug uas muaj feem yuav poob nws), tiam sis vim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tub rog ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua tau xaiv no ib feem raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv lub hnab.

Tiv thaiv tawm tsam lo firing

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus yog yus muaj los ntawm "Arisaka" (phom loj)? "Nyees khawm" -predohranitel - heev cov yam ntxwv ntawm no riam phom. Ib tug interesting mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Mus qhib lub fuse thaum lub shutter yog cocked, nws yog tsim nyog mus nias rau qhov "khawm" nrog ib tug corrugated qauv, nyob rau hauv lub rov qab lub rooj vag sab, thiab ces tig nws clockwise. Lub projections, carved nyob rau hauv lub thawv, lub striker nrees sim, tsis cia nws mus ntaus lub primer.

Lub striker yog tsa rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm thaum lub shutter cocking. Them tau nqa tawm nyob rau qhib rooj vag. Koj ua qhov no yog ua tau raws li ib tug patron, thiab los ntawm tsib, siv rau lub hom phiaj no tshwj xeeb collars.

Nws tseem yog nthuav tias qhov no ua tsov rog muaj ib tug swb catch! Thaum ntawd yog thaum siv mos txwv shutter yeej los ua tus rearmost txoj hauj lwm, uas zoo heev simplifies tus txheej txheem ntawm them cov phom loj.

bayonet sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li peb tau hais tias, lub bayonet rau cov phom loj "Arisaka" tau tsim raws li ib tug ze li ntawm tag nrho cov dagger. Muaj mob thaum cov bayonets siv los ntawm peb cov tub rog thoob plaws hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub Japanese yog tsis lo: lub tswvyim ntawm koob bayonets thiab Bagineti uas tau coj Lavxias teb sab caj npab designer, twb loj outdated.

On qhov tsis tooj, cov tub rog tseem ceeb heev yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug tag nrho cov riam uas yuav siv tau tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hnub arrangement ntawm lub yeej. Vim lub fact tias cov bayonet rau cov phom loj "Arisaka" ua los ntawm steel hlau, nws tau nrov heev nrog cov tub rog nyob rau ob sab pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv kev, muaj ntau yam American cov qub tub rog nyob rau hauv lub "cia" muaj cov riam los ntawm "Arisaka", uas yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim thiab zoo rau lub American qauv.

Thiab dab tsi yog ua ntaj riam thaiv Japanese tub rog niaj hnub no? Cov me me caj npab yog ib qho phem phom loj "Arisaka". Nws thiab nws tus heev heev precursors, yog ib co txhim khu kev qha thiab thawj kev daws teeb meem uas siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho.

Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim hais tias riam phom manufactured nyob rau hauv factories nyob rau hauv Nyiv, uas tus Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua, muaj nws tseem ceeb kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov tub rog kev ua tiv thaiv Imperial lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim.