Yuav ua li cas yog lub liberation ntawm Prague (Prague hauj lwm)? Prazhskaya phais: tau

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Prague lag luam, cov tub rog liab dim lub capital ntawm Czechoslovakia, thiab yog li ua kom tiav hauv ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Lub nroog tau tshem ntawm cov Wehrmacht forces hnub tom ntej tom qab kos npe rau ntawm lub ua los ntawm kev swb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

nyob rau lub Hmo

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1945 Berlin thiab Prague lag luam yog qhov kawg chords ntawm lub yeej ntawm cov Nazi regime nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Thaum lub capital ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj surrendered, lub peev ntawm tus Czech koom pheej tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib tua. Lub Soviet pab tub rog twb tos rau qhov kev txiav txim mus rau nam nyob Prague. Thaum lub theem kawg ntawm tsov rog tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tau los ua ib tug ncuav mog qab zib uas tau muab qhia ntawm winning lub teb chaws. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm muaj kev sib khom lus txog ib tug ua tau nres rau ntawm lub Prague, lub American cov tub rog. Tab sis nws thiaj li tsiv Czechoslovakia nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm lub hwj ntawm lub USSR.

Cov yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Tej zaum 8, thaum lub German High kom tau twb kos npe rau lub twj paj nruag ntawm Vajtswv lub siab nyiam nyob rau hauv Prague nkag mus hauv lub Soviet ultimatum. Nazis kom lub nroog nyob rau hauv kev tswj, nws twb npaj siab nyoo unconditionally. Lawv tau muab ib hnub los mus xav tias nws tshaj. offensive lag luam pib thaum kev tshwm sim tsis ua hauj lwm. Lub Prague pab pawg neeg ntawm Wehrmacht yog tseem ceeb. Ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv lub xeem kab nres ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog "Center", uas yog tag nrho ob ib nrab ntawm cov tsov rog receded los ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub nroog muaj txog 900.000 Nazi cov tub rog thiab lawv cov phoojywg khiav mus Prague los ntawm tag nrho cov tshaj lub liberated cov teb chaws Europe.

lag luam lub koom haum

Thaum pre-lag luam kev npaj rau lub Soviet hais kom ua zoo saib them rau cov creation ntawm loj artillery pawg. Los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xeem tshwm sim tau raug sau txog 6000 phom thiab mortars. Thaum lub theem kawg ntawm tsov rog lub Red Army tsis yog ib tug software teeb meem. Kuv tsis muaj kev zam, thiab lub lag luam no. Prague nres nrog lub emission ntawm lub 2nd Cua Army, txib los ntawm General Stepan Krasovsky. yuav luag 2000 aircraft tau deployed rau ntawm lub ntsiab kab, mus pab txhawb - txawm 400.

Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab hais txog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm qhov luaj li cas siv los ntawm lub pab tub rog, noj cov hlau lead ntawm lub 2 thiab 4 Ukrainian fronts. Nws yog tus "hauv qab" teg num, uas yog tsuas yog tom qab xav tias yuav "nyob rau hauv qhov chaw" tseem hais ntxiv nqi. Yuav ua li cas, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub koom haum, tau raug nyuab lag luam no? Prague, sau tus "lub taub hau" ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog "Append" nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo kawg maj. Piv txwv li, cov rog ntawm lub 1st thiab 2nd Ukrainian fronts yuav tsum tau regroup nyob rau hauv xwb peb hnub. Nws yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 100-200 kilometers thiab ib tug lossis loj loj ntawm cov neeg.

pursuit Start

Tej zaum 6, lub Red Army txawj ntse tshaj tawm hais tias tus yeeb ncuab pib ib lub koom haum khiav ntawm lub Czech muaj chaw ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog 100 kilometres ntawm Prague. Soviet rog pib pursuit ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Rearguards Wehrmacht stray thiab tawg ua ntej units ntawm lub 1 Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej. Prague ua hauj lwm, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov uas twb mus rau lub sij kawg ntawm tsov rog, yog ib tug pursuit ntawm lub khiav Germans. Peb twv rau thaum nws heev ob peb tug. Lawv feem ntau cov neeg uas ntseeg rau siab ntso ua Nazi ideology thiab txiav txim siab hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yeej nyob rau hauv tsov rog lub teb chaws lawv tseem muaj dab tsi los plam.

Lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab tau ua ib tug haib converging blows rau lub flanks ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Yog li ntawd, Germans, tsis tsuas lwm tus tab sis kuj yog txiav, ua tsawg txaus ntshai. Pib muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau tus sis ntawm cov tub rog liab. Thaum pib ntawm lub lag luam no tau yeej 2 thiab 4 Ukrainian fronts, thiab ces tus 1st thiab 2nd. tso tsheb hlau luam nres yog swift, txawm lub fact tias lawv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub forested mountainous roob hav. Lawv tsiv mus rau 60-100 kilometers ib hnub twg.

Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd (May 6) 4 tiv thaiv Tank Army yog twb nyob ze ntawm lub qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub Ore Toj siab. Nws yog ib tug tshuab los ntawm kev npaj txhij txog kev taw qhia Dresden, uas tso cai rau mus puag ncig lub 40,000th grouping ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv Breslau. Tej zaum 7, pib lub offensive rog ntawm lub 2nd Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej. 7 tiv thaiv Shumilova pab tub rog tam sim ntawd puas los ntawm tus German defenses thiab paub ntau mus rau ib tug deb ntawm 12 kis lus mev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub troops ntawm 4 Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej, tiv thaiv rau Olomouc - ib tug tseem ceeb thauj hub uas kev cob cog rua lub tag nrho Czech koom pheej.

Kev khiav tawm Prague

Lub ceev ceev ua ntej ntawm lub Red Army nyob tag nrho sectors ntawm pem hauv ntej demoralized twb poob txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm lub fascists. Commander ntawm German pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Czechoslovakia yog Ferdinand Schemer. Nws kom tus khiav tawm ntawm lub sab hnub poob. Lub Germans nyiam nyoo rau cov neeg Asmelikas es lub Soviet Union. Tau tsa ib tawm nyob rau hauv Prague pib rau May 9. Txawm li cas los, sai sai no nws yuav tsis muaj kev tswj los ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab muab mus rau hauv ib tug Stampede.

Meanwhile, lub strike pab pawg neeg ntawm lub 2nd Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej tsoo lwm tus yeeb ncuab kab. Nws paub ntau mus rau 60 kilometers, tsim kom muaj tswj Znojmo. Lub sab laug tis ntawm cov tub rog yog nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Danube thiab pib tsiv raws nws sab qaum teb ntug dej, casting German rearguard. Thaum lub sij hawm no peb hnub ntawm Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam ya mus ntau tshaj 7000 sorties, cov yuav txhawb nres Ukrainian fronts.

Lub liberation ntawm lub nroog

Tej zaum 9 ntawm lub 1 Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej nkag mus hauv Prague. Tam sim no lub Red Army thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev ruaj ntseg cov kev pab cuam tsis muab cov Germans mus ua txhaum tawm. Nyob rau hauv no lawv pab los ntawm Czech partisans, uas paub lub nroog thiab ib puag ncig yog zoo npaum li cas txawv teb chaws.

Sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prague, surrounded los ntawm ntau tshaj 50 kev sib cais nyob. Cov no yog cov ntsiab rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. German cov tub rog tau disorganized, lawv commanders poob ib co tswj nws subordinates. Khiav yuav los ntawm lub Americans tswj xwb ib tug tej yam kev sib cais, teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog "Austria".

teem Roa

Prague offensive lag luam nqa tawm tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov Wehrmacht, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv Roa - Lavxias teb sab Liberation Army. Nyob rau hauv no tsim tau Soviet collaborators, thaum pib ntawm tsov rog uas tau mus rau qhov kev koom tes nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1945 Roa txiav txim siab yuav khiav tawm mus rau sab hnub poob, thiaj li tsis mus poob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov Soviet cov tub ceev xwm.

Tej zaum 12 twb puas tau raug ntes rau hauv lub commander ntawm cov tub rog ntawm General Vlasov. Nws thiab ntau lwm tub ceev xwm Roa raug coj mus rau lub Soviet Union. Muaj, lawv tau sim thiab tua pov tseg. Roa zoo tib yam cov tub rog uas raug ntes thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam nyob rau hauv Prague, feem ntau twb tau nyob rau hauv chaw pw nraum zoov thiab exile.

Xeem kuj

Lub remnants ntawm lub retreating SS troops raug tua nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm Tej zaum 12. Lub sib ntaus sib tua tau ploj thiab lub taub hau ntawm tsoom fwv hauv zos "tuag squads" Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghaus. Qhov no kawg pab pawg neeg twb muaj li ntawm kev sib cais "Das Reich" thiab "Wallenstein".

Lawv mus txog tus ciam teb nrog lub Americans rov qab rau Tej zaum 9, tiam sis lawv tsis kam txais cov kev swb ntawm fugitives. Ces cornered lub Germans tsim ib tug me me fortified camp. Yav tsaus ntuj ntawm 11 Tej zaum lawv rog tau ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm tub ceev xwm los ntawm cov neeg lub Commissariat ntawm National kws muaj txuj ci ntawm lub USSR. Tsis ntev tuaj koom lub Red Army. Los ntawm thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Tej zaum 12 no kawg Nazi tsev twb puas lawm. Yog li twb lub Prague lag luam. Xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, uas nyob ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm hnub them tribute mus rau lub Soviet liberators. Lawv cov npe muab rau txoj kev thiab chaw ua si. Marshal Konev, uas coj cov offensive haujlwm, yog ua ib tug mus saib xyuas pej xeem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Balti.

Poob thiab tau

nws yog ib qhov lag luam yog rau ob lab cov tub rog liab cov tub rog thiab allied lub teb chaws (Poland, Romania thiab Czechoslovakia), qhov kawg ntawm tsov rog. Lub Prague German tiv thaiv yog ib tug xav ua kom tau cov me nyuam ob peb units mus ua txhaum tawm. Txawm li cas los, cov clashes tau nyob rau hauv loj losses - tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tua 12 txhiab tus tub rog liab.

Nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb hnub ntawm lub lag luam qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet tswj kom puas los yog ntes txog 860 txhiab tub rog ntawm lub Wehrmacht thiab cov SS. Nyob rau hauv captivity twb 60 generals ntawm Army Group "Center", thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws twb yuav los ntawm lub 9500 trophy phom thiab mortars, txhiab tus aircraft, 1800 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ua phem phom, thiab lwm yam ntau yam riam phom thiab tub rog cov khoom.

On May 11, lub Prague lag luam tuaj mus rau ib tug muaj kuab xaus. Soviet cov tub rog mus txog txoj kab ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub Americans. Nws twb tau soj xyuas nyob rau ciam nrog lub zos ntawm Chemnitz thiab Plzen. Txij li thaum Czechoslovakia rau ntau xyoo yog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet kheej ntawm lub hwj. Communist txoj cai yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub xeev muab ntaus rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub Warsaw Pact.

Lag luam ntawm 1945 thiab 1968.

Vim ntxiv uas nyob rau hauv socialist Czechoslovakia yog feem ntau piv rau lub lag luam nyob rau hauv Prague (1945) thiab cov lag luam los ntawm cov Prague Caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv 1968. Qhov kawg ib pib thaum lub Soviet tsoom fwv yuam nyob rau hauv lub capital yog lub teb chaws Slavic pab tub rog, sib cav sib nws kev txiav txim siab, "lub normalization ntawm cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem no." Nyob rau hauv 1968 nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia, tag nrho cov hoob kawm tau mas kho, uas tsis nyiam cov coj noj coj ntawm lub USSR, raws li lawv tsim nyog tau yuav yog ib txoj kev tawm ntawm lub Czechoslovak communist cawv.

Prague Caij nplooj ntoos hlav, "lag luam Danube" thiab lub tom ntej cov txheej xwm tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej nrog rau cov txheej xwm ntawm 1945 thiab 1968. cia li rov qab. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub Soviet troops tuaj rau Prague li liberators los ntawm cov Nazis, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, cov tib pab tub rog tank lem crushed cov kev ywj pheej ywj siab ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Czechoslovakia.