Koroleva Viktoriya: ib tug poj niam, muab lub npe ntawm tus era

Tsis yog txhua tus tswj mus rau tawm hauv huab tais nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ib tug nco, zoo li tus poj niam no. Thaum historians hais lus ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Northern Ireland, lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua, lawv tau hu mus rau Victorian England, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm los ntawm 1837 mus 1901, xyoo nyob rau hauv uas txoj cai Koroleva Viktoriya, hu ua lub Victorian era. Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub taleas yog deb ntawm rosy ...

Alexandrina Victoria yog tus tsuas yog tus me nyuam ntawm Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent los ntawm cov Hanover dynasty ntxhais fuabtais thiab ib tug ntawm cov German xeev ntawm Victoria ntawm Saxe-Coburg-Zaalfeldskoy. Victoria niam sib yuav rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 17 lub xyoos, tiam sis zoo li twb destined mus nqa tus poj ntsuam tus ntoo khaub lig. Nws thawj tus txiv tuag tom qab 11 xyoo sib yuav, tawm hauv ib tug poj niam nrog ob tug me nyuam. Qhov thib ob kev sib yuav tau nkag mus rau hauv nyob rau hauv 1818. Nraug Vauv (lub Duke of Kent) yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 50. Nyob rau hauv cia li 8 lub hlis tom qab yug tus me nyuam ntawm nws tsuas yog tus ntxhais, nws tuag ntawm mob ntsws (lub invention ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsis tau tuaj), 6 hnub ua ntej ntawm nws txiv, tus huab tais ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv George III.

Lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais Victoria twb yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug coj tus Kensington Palace nyob rau outskirts ntawm London Tej zaum 24, 1819. Txawm tias Victoria twb teev raws li tsuas yog tus fifth nyob rau hauv kab mus rau lub rooj huas tias, thiab coj nws yuav tau slim, cov Duke of Kent ntseeg hais tias cov lwm yam qub txeeg qub teg yuav tau mus tauj xub lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Victoria mus rau lub zwm txwv, yog hais tias nws tsis yog yug rau British av. Vim hais tias hais rau tsiv los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees mus ces. Victoria yog lub npe xaiv rau tus me nyuam mos ntxhais. Lub godfather ntawm tus me nyuam yog tus Lavxias teb sab huab tais Alexander kuv, vim hais tias lub npe ntawm tus thib ob yog rau yav tom ntej huab tais Alexandrina. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg uas nws tau hu ua Drina.

Victoria yug nyob rau hauv lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg, tiam sis nws tseem yog menyuam yaus twb siv nyob rau hauv es cramped tej yam kev mob (nws tus txiv tshuav nws nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis pub).

Tom qab nws txiv thiab yawg tuag, Victoria yuav siv sij hawm lub peb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kab mus rau lub rooj huas tias tom qab nws ob tug childless txiv ntxawm. King yuav George IV, ib tug qub Regent ailing txiv txij li thaum 1811. Tus tshiab huab tais tiv kev txom nyem tshaj 120 kilograms, hlub cov khoom kim heev thiab kev lom zem. Txawm tias nws yog ib tug kiv cua ntawm cov phau ntawv Dzheyn Ostin, nws patronized nyuab ntawm nws lub sij hawm, tab sis tus ntxhais ntawm lub caij huab tais tus tij laug, khaus. Nws reluctantly pub Victoria nrog nws niam tsiv mus nyob rau Kensington Palace, thiab txais yuav tus hluas nkauj ib tug me me nyiaj. Tij Laug Leopold niam (lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais ntawm Belgium) them rau nws txoj kev kawm ntawv.

Victoria tsis tuaj koom lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws kawm nyob rau lub tsev ntawm keeb kwm, geography, lej, qhia kev cai dab qhuas, kev ua si rau piano thiab duab. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub xyoo ntawm lub neej, nws hais lus xwb German, tab sis, ces es sai sai mastered lus Askiv thiab Fabkis. Conservative niam tiv thaiv nws los ntawm qhov phem tshaj yam muaj koob muaj npe hauv lub neej, instilled nyob rau hauv nws tus ntxhais lub noble qhov tseem ceeb thiab ci ntsa iab yam. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm peb txiv ntxawm, nkauj nraug tus ntxhais fuabtais ntawm lub zwm txwv ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 18 xyoo Koroleva Viktoriya tuaj mus rau lub rooj huas tias.

Nws yog tus uas kav lub teb chaws 63 xyoo, 7 lub hlis thiab 2 hnub (los ntawm 1837 mus 1901 xyoo), mus rau hnub no tseem lub huab tais, tus coos-pab British rooj huas tias. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 21, tus poj huab tais of teb chaws Aas Kiv sib yuav nws tus viv ncaus Albert ntawm Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, ib tug German None. Lawv tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 10, 1840 nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Royal Palace nyob rau hauv St. James.

Thaum lub sij hawm Victoria kav, cov teb chaws Aas Kiv tau los ua ib tug haib faj tim teb chaws, dominating ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws cov tub rog tiv thaiv nyob rau ntau fronts. Lub teb chaws tus pej xeem tau ob npaug thiab tau ua feem ntau hauv nroog. Qhev twb abolished. Nyob rau hauv lub zos muaj dej haus, roj, hluav taws xob, tub ceev xwm, asphalt txoj kev thiab pedal no, tus thawj nqi xa ntawv nyiaj muas thiab comics, raws li zoo raws li lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj subway (tus naas ej London Tube). Tsim kom muaj factories thiab railways, photography yog invented, roj hmab log tsheb, lub thawj mailboxes thiab sewing machine. Drina tom qab nws tus txiv Albert patron ntawm tshiab yees thiab xav nyob rau hauv lawv. Thaum nws los tshwm rau cov kev cai rau cov me nyuam txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab qhov loj qhib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pib.

Koroleva Viktoriya yog thawj huab tais uas nyob hauv Buckingham Palace. Nws hlub hu nkauj tag nrho kuv lub neej ib tug ntau mus rau kos, sau cov phau ntawv, mus rau lub opera thiab yog heev kaj siab lug sib yuav. Txawm li cas los, nws tus txiv tuag tom lub huab tais. Albert yog nws pab nyob rau hauv no thiab nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv tsev neeg lub neej. Nws nyuaj siab heev nws tuag rau ze li ntawm 10 xyoo mus txog thaum nws tuag, nyuaj siab thiab tib neeg pom tsis muaj siab ntsws xav. Poob ib tug poj ntsuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 42, tus poj huab tais of teb chaws Aas Kiv NW nyuam qhuav pom lub dag lub zog rov qab mus rau nws cov hauj lwm, thiab cov me nyuam.

Thaum lub Victoria thiab Albert muaj cuaj cov me nyuam, 40 cov xeeb ntxwv thiab 37 great-xeeb ntxwv. Yim muaj koob muaj npe me nyuam tau zaum rau ntawm lub zwm txwv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Tag nrho dim mus rau neeg laus, uas yog ib tug rarity nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Txawm li cas los, raws li nws muab tawm tom qab, Koroleva Viktoriya yog ib cov cab kuj los ntawm hemophilia noob, kis tau tus kab mob los ntawm lub morganatic kev sib yuav ntawm ntau European muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg, nrog rau cov tsev neeg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Tsar Nicholas II, uas Alexander tus poj niam yog tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm poj huab tais Victoria. Tib txais lub Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv, Tsarevich Aleksey raug kev txom nyem ntau los ntawm tus kab mob no.

Tus heev tib yam Koroleva Viktoriya, uas nws biography yog tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib tug cim ntawm historians uas tau ntse dim xya assassination sim thiab tuag nyob rau hauv '81 los ntawm ib tug mob stroke. Nws yog faus nyob rau hauv ib tug mausoleum nyob rau hauv Windsor Frogmorskom. Tus tam sim no poj huab tais ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom tus huab tais Elizabeth II thiab nws tus txiv, tub huabtais Albert, yog ib lub zoo-zoo-zoo-cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Victoria.