Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence ntawm mimicry? Mimicry: piv txwv

Raws li koj paub, xwm tsis tsim dab tsi tsis tsim nyog. Tej ntaus ntawv uas nws tau muab sia, yeej ib txwm ua hauj lwm thiab cov tswv yim. Thiab ntawm camouflage peev xwm tshiab khiv nrhav cov nroj tsuag, kab, noog thiab lwm yam tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution, tawm hauv tsuas yog cov uas nti pab kom ciaj sia. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub lub essence ntawm mimicry, nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom tawm nws yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog npaj.

hom mimicry

Masking nyob beings yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg raws li ntau yam qauv. Tus thawj ntawm cov - lub hom phiaj ntawm mimicry uas yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob pawg:

1. Pheev: predator niam mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau los ambush nws cov prey. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog tus cwj pwm los yog xim mimicry. Piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj-zoov, nws siv, yuav tsum tau teev tseg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm: tus tsov ntxhuav merges nrog savannah, tsov txaij ua rau nws pom nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, lub ncov qaumteb qabteb dais yog invisible rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau cov daus thiab cov dej khov.
2. Passive: tsim los disguising siav tsiaj. Nws yog yooj yim dua, txawm hais tias qhia xwb nyob rau hauv cov xim.

Hom mimicry hom kev kawm siv yuav dej num raws li nram no:

1. Xim. Thiab tej zaum nws yuav tsis tsuas tau masking toj roob hauv pes, tab sis kuj uas lwm yam hom fauna nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug passive masking lub hom phaj.
2. Mimicry daim ntawv - raug ntawm kab thiab hiav txwv creatures thiab kuj yog ib tug tiv thaiv tawm tsam lub hom phaj. Nws manifested nyob rau hauv lub nrig txog kev pom zoo sib thooj nrog lub "uninteresting" predator khoom ntawm qhov. Ntawm cov ntau dua tsiaj muaj muaj cov piv txwv xws li masking. Tom qab tag nrho, lub essence ntawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm mimicry? Kho qhov muag illusion. Ib tug muaj plaub nyob rau hauv lub mus yos hav zoov taw qhia kom paub tsuas yog nyob rau tsis hnov tsw.
3. Suab mimicry. Cov tib hom kev tiv thaiv. Qhia nyob rau hauv xyaum cov suab txaus ntshai creatures. Ib qho piv txwv yuav Sichik luav, hissing zoo li ib tug nab.

xim mimicry

Feem ntau daim ntawv ntawm disguise. Qhov yooj yim cov kev xaiv - mus hauj lwm ua ke nrog rau cov tom qab - yog siv nyob rau hauv txhoj puab heev thiab passive hom phiaj. Feem ntau cov nyob yam siv no disguise, "yog" xim tag nrho nws lub neej. Txawm li cas los, muaj variations ntawm cov xim mimicry. Tus thawj ntawm cov - lub caij hloov xim. Ib qho piv txwv yuav luav. Txawm ntau mechanism ntawm masking nyob rau hauv qis kab mob uas muaj peev xwm hloov xim raws li cov keeb kwm yav dhau uas lawv nyob. Merge nrog rau xim ntawm tus nto - uas yog lub essence ntawm cov xim mimicry. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws piv txwv yog lub chameleon, muaj peev xwm "xim" lawv tus kheej, txawm nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub chessboard. Tab sis nws tsis yog ib leeg nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm: lub kab ntsig Smerinthus tiliae koom tes ntsuab xim, thaum zaum ntawm ib nplooj, thiab repainted nyob rau hauv cov xim av, mus ua ke lub pob tw.

luam tej

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, kuj yog hais txog rau cov xim ntawm mimicry. Txawm li cas los, cov kev xaiv no yog txawm ntau intricate. Disguising raws li lom thiab inedible hom yog siv los ntawm kab, cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians. Feem ntau cov ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv no hwm mimicry butterflies. Piv txwv li, ib tug harmless dawb npauj npaim tis yog lom coloring heliconiinae. Paub qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis tau tsuas yog tau theej cov txheeb ze. Qav npauj npaim Kaliga muaj ib tug heev yuam daim duab nyob rau hauv lub tis, zoo ib yam li lub qhov muag ntawm ib niag plas.

Tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub disguise ntawm yus cov txheeb ze yog nrov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ib tug analogue ntawm peb nab - cov mis nyuj nab - yog cov lom tauj xim coral adder, ib tug harmless Qav Allobates zaparo tab xim ib tug heev txaus ntshai hu ua Epipedobates bilinguis. Txawm li cas los, noj hmo "ob lub qhov muag" - chaw nyob rau saum toj - yog tseem ntshai kev txais tos.

Lub ntsiab mob uas yuav tsum tau ntsib nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zam "nyom" hluav taws - mimikrantov tooj yuav tsum muaj tsawg tshaj li tus naj npawb ntawm cov theej. Txhom puav tseem "sim rau ib tug hniav 'inedible prey. Thiab yog hais tias tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau qab, kev tiv thaiv coloration yuav tsum ua hauj lwm.

imitation puag ncig

Nws yog ib yam tsis tsuas yog nyob rau teb chaws tab sis kuj lub hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv dej. Ua ib tug zoo li uas tsis yog-zaub mov - hais tias yog lub essence ntawm no hom ntawm mimicry. Siv nws rau tag nrho cov roob ris tsa ib lub xuab zeb, cw Palemon - pupyrchatye xim av seaweed ntawm lub Sargasso hiav txwv, qhov chaw uas nws nyob. Tej mimicry tej zaum yuav ib ntus tus cwj pwm: nkaum pos i hws tentacles thim rau lawv tus kheej, hloov xim (raws li peb tau pom, muaj yog tsis yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob hom camouflage) thiab arches "rov qab." Tshwm: nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj ib tug boring thiab puas cov pob zeb.

Lub controversy tshaj lub mimicry

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, muaj ntau yam cov kws tshawb fawb pib ntseeg cov cia siab rau ntawm no txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv - nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, imitative. Qhov tseeb yog tias masking-mimicry yog raws li tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub view kev dag ntxias. Tab sis txawm lub insectivorous noog yog coj tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nrig txog kev pom cov dluab, tab sis kuj cov tsis hnov tsw. Raws li, yog hais tias nws tsw tsw ntxhiab qab, lawv yuav tsis tau them nyiaj mloog rau lub fact tias cov pas kab zoo li ib ceg me, thiab noj nws. Pleev Cov Tshuaj xim, nyob rau hauv lawv pom, zoo tshaj - lub noog yuav tsis ya mus txog ze txaus saib yog hais tias ib tug tiag tiag plas ob lub qhov muag ntsia ntsoov nws los ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Ntxiv mus, kab phylliidae pub rau nplooj, feem ntau noj lawv cov txheeb ze, ruam tag lawv nrog lawv cov natural khoom noj khoom haus. Ib tug kab ntsig, hu ua zemlemerkami, yog txiav gardener, sib tov rau lawv nrog qe. Txawm li cas los, tus neeg yooj yim npaum li mus dag tshaj lawv tej yam ntuj tso cov yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los, vim hais tias ntawm tag nrho cov no peb yuav xaus uas rau lo lus nug, yog dab tsi lub essence ntawm mimicry, dua yuav unanswered.