Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev kho mob ntawm cov npe thiab nws yog kawm

Lub system ntawm Philology qhia sib txawv kev taw qhia - lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus, thov lug, stylistics, dialectology thiab onomastics txawm. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi yog onomastika dab tsi nws kev kawm thiab tus kwv, uas qhov chaw ntawm nws cais. Xav txog nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm yam kev kawm, qhov chaw uas muab cov ntaub ntawv uas rau txoj kev tshawb no.

Onomastics science

Yuav pib nrog, dab tsi yog qhov kev kho mob ntawm cov npe. Lub ntsiab txhais hais tias nws yog ib tug ceg lug uas kawm tus kheej npe los yog Onim.

Chiv onomastika twb thov science uas yog siv los ntawm historians, geography, txawj raws li koom haum pab kev qhuab qhia. Nws tom qab los ua ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib ceg lug nrog nws tus kheej txoj kev rau lub tsom xam ntawm cov lus cov ntaub ntawv uas. Lub homphiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm science - keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, txug qeb thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm npe nyob rau hauv cov lus. Yam - ncaj qha Onim npe.

Onomastics tshuaj xyuas qhov phonetic, morphological, lo lus-tsim, semantic thiab etymological yam ntawm kom lub npe.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Sib nrug los ntawm lub fact tias xws li kev kho mob ntawm cov npe, nws yog tsim nyog rau qhov chaw nyob lo lus nug no, raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm lub sawv ntawm science.

Nws yog ib tug tus hluas. Teb tsim nyob rau hauv 1930, thaum twg mas lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj thoob ntiaj teb onomastic rooj sab laj nyob rau hauv Fabkis.

Twb tau nyob rau 1949 ua tau ib lub onomastic pawg neeg ntawm UNESCO luam tawm ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv journal Onoma. Ncov ntawm onomastics poob rau 50 - 60 ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Onomastics Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv 1812 thaum A. Vostokov luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm hu ua "Quest kiv cua ntawm etymology." Nyob rau hauv 1813 nws luam tawm lwm tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm E. Bolkhovitinov "Nyob rau peculiarities ntawm npe slavyanorosov". Rau ob centuries, science tau hloov zuj zuj, tsim kom muaj cov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev, sau tseeb khoom, lub crumbs ntawm kev tsim kev tshawb xav. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 2004, cov phau ntawv journal "Cov teeb meem ntawm onomastics" yog pib muaj nyob rau hauv Russia.

Cheebtsam ntawm science

Nyob ntawm seb cov lus nta, qhia ob peb qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Onomastics npe yuav npog ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev txawj ntse, nrog rau kev tso tawm:

• Regional onomastics uas kawm onomasticon ntawm ib tug muab thaj av ntawd, kawm nws onomastic subsystem.
• Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, uas kawm cov general cai ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua tau hauj ntawm onomastic systems.
• Kev kho mob ntawm cov npe txuam feem nrog lub naming xyaum ntawm lawv hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub lus. Qhov no muaj xws li lub tsev lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab hais cov npe, kev loj hlob ntawm normative qauv, uas yog tsim nyob rau thiab lub xeem, adjectives yuav qhia tau cov tswv cuab nyob rau hauv ib tug tas, cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob, tsev neeg.
• Piav hais tias tshuaj xyuas onomastic raws li txoj cai ntawm ib tug uas zoo heev. Thaum zoo li no yog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ib onomastic.
• Poetic Onomastics - tshuaj xyuas qhov hauj lwm ntawm npe nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau ntawv, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov creation, muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

sections

Nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev kawm txog npe, muaj cov nram qab no nqe lus ntawm onomastics:

• Anthroponimics - tshuaj xyuas neeg lub npe.
• Toponymy - kawm cov npe ntawm thaj khoom.
• Zoonimika - kawm tsiaj nicknames.
• Astronimika - tshuaj xyuas cov npe ntawm lub hnub qub lub cev - planets, hnub qub, comets.
• Hydronymy - tshuaj xyuas lub npe ntawm cov dej lub cev - dej ntws, pas dej, seas thiab oceans.

Kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm yam sciences

Sib nrug los ntawm lub fact tias xws li kev kho mob ntawm cov npe, tsis hais nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm yam kev kawm. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog zoo txog rau linguistics. Science siv lus txoj kev rau lub tsom xam ntawm npe. Thiab nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub logic, thaum peb kawm cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov lo lus thiab cov tswv yim. Cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm onomastics nrog geography thiab astronomy. Zaum feem ntau xa mus rau onomastam los daws teeb meem xws li qhov txawv ntawm cov npe thiab txhais lus.

Keeb kwm, ethnography thiab archeology muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas pab tus paub txog onomastam. Cov neeg, nyob rau hauv lem, pab rau cov historians. Onomastics muaj nuj nqis rau zaum muaj feem xyuam rau lub keeb kwm, invaluable. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv onomastiki pab tshawb resettlement haiv neeg, lawv kev lis kev cai thiab tej kab ke, txij thaum lub tsim ntawm cov npe, lawv siv yog zoo txuas tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib co neeg, tab sis kuj lub sij hawm. Nrog onomastics yuav tsis tau tsuas yog txhais tau rau ib thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg lub zos, tab sis mus rau hnub tim rau ntau yam ntawv memo.

qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev tshawb

Peb pom koj, dab tsi onomastics, nws tau muab ib tug txhais, peb tau pom cov ntsiab qhov chaw. Tab sis ib lo lus nug tseem tseem nyob unconsecrated - qhov twg zaum noj lub sij ntaub ntawv uas rau txoj kev tshawb no?

Muaj ntau qhov chaw. Cov feem ntau siv los yog:

1. Teev cov npe thiab surnames.
2. Kev cai dab qhuas cov phau ntawv thiab daim qhia hnub hli.
3. Lub suab hais lus recordings thiab nco.
4. Thaj thiab astronomical maps.
5. Chaw nyob phau ntawv.
6. Phau ntawv cov lus nug ntawm daim av.
7. Phoontawv tsiaj miv.
8. Cov npe ntawm cov nees haiv neeg.
9. Artistic tej hauj lwm.

txoj kev tshawb no

Kawm no science thiaj tau tuaj rau philological kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Plaug lub seem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no kawg "Lexicology" los yog raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txoj kev tshawb no kawg. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev kawm, cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm tau dab tsi onomastika dab tsi txoj kev nws siv, qhov twg ntawm nws sawv.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov hoob kawm ntawm kev tshawb no yog tsis tshua muaj, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv high profile kawm ntawv. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub paub nrog qhov kev kawm ntawm cov nto thiab muab tsuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws.

tshawb pom

Onomastics - ib qho ntawm lub lus disciplines uas kawm npe thiab lawv ua tau hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog tus tub ntxhais hluas. Kawm nyob rau hauv Philology.