Philological sciences. Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm Philology? Lavxias teb sab linguists

Muaj coob tus neeg paub philological sciences li ib yam dab tsi heev vague thiab paub daws teeb. Lawv paub hais tias qhov no yog muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm yam lus, tab sis xav paub ntxiv txog tsis muaj. Thiab tsuas yog cov uas tau kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology, yuav meej thiab fascinating las tag nrho cov sab ntawm Philology.

Lub tswvyim ntawm science

Philology - yog science uas tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev kawm txog sab ntsuj plig txawv haiv neeg, tsom xam lawv sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv kom meej to taub nta ntawm ib hom lus, thiab ces sau tus mas yuav kis tau paub mus rau hauv ib tug coherent tag nrho.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias sau ntawv - ib qho ntawm cov chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg. Tus thawj ntawm cov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus mus rau lub yooj yim lus nyob rau hauv dictionaries, treatises thiab kev cai dab qhuas sau tseg. Homer yog thawj uas nws sau ntawv tau raug mus rau tseem fwv saib ntsoov.

Philology muaj xws li muaj ntau yam khoom thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv koom nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev lag luam. Romano-Germanic Philology, piv txwv li, yog feem ntau kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, raws li tau tus tsom xam ntawm lub Romance thiab Germanic lus.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Romance lus muaj xws li:

• Fabkis;
• Italian;
• Ua lus Mev thiab lwm tus neeg.

German pab pawg neeg cov ntau kawm lus Askiv thiab German, ib qho ntawm feem nrov rau hnub tim.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Philology nyob ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Thawj yog lawv cov tsos, ces txoj kev loj hlob (thaum lub sij hawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog), thiab nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance lub sij hawm - blossoming nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov quab yuam. Lub tswvyim ntawm "Philology" pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Ces nws yog tsuas yog hais txog cov classic kev lag luam, rau nws tom qab sawv Slavic. Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub Slavic ceg yog ib tug Czech paub txog Dobrovskiy Yosef.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Philology pib. Europeans xav nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws cov hauv paus hniav, qhov chaw, txoj kev loj hlob tiam sis. Pab mus rau qhov no romantic tsim philosophy ntawm lub sij hawm uas, raws li zoo raws li thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus tawm tsam tus Turkish invaders.

Rau lwm yam ntawm kev kawm: txhua ntawm lawv yog ib tug heev nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam thiab cov neeg uas tau muab kev koom tes. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau lub zej zog cov koom haum uas yog koom nyob rau hauv ib qho ua, los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm mus sib sau ua ke thiab qhia lawv cov achievements.

Sciences complex

Rau to taub tag nrho li cas rau Philology, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia tej philological sciences yog nws Cheebtsam:

• Linguistics. Qhov thib ob lub npe - linguistics uas kawm cov essence ntawm cov lus, nws lub zog, kev teeb tsa.
• Literature. Tshuaj xyuas qhov keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab tej yam nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg.
• Lus dab neeg. Folk kos duab, lus dab neeg, myths xwb thiab legends - cov no yog cov ntsiab kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb.
• Ntseeg cuav thaum ub thuam. Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm nws cov xim rau cov tej hauj lwm sib txawv ntawm cov sau phau ntawv, lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tshwm sim thiab txoj hmoo.
• Paleography. Qhov no science kawm txheej thaud, lawv sau li cas, yeej, lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm creation.

Raws li koj tau pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, philological sciences kawm cov lus los ntawm tag nrho cov tau sab.

paub philologists

Leej twg yog tus kawm siab? Qhov no kawm lug. Qhov no xam kom huv si kawm specifics ntawm ib tug hais lus, ua cov lus xaus hais txog sab ntsuj plig cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov neeg uas txawj hais lus nws. Enormous pab mus rau lub creation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus ua Lavxias teb sab linguists.

• MV Lomonosov Nws yog tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj mus pw style lus. Yuav ua li cas peb paub tam sim no txog lub qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus - lub tsim nyog ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich. Ua ib tug uas txawj paj huam, nws pw lub lub hauv paus ntawm yeej sib txawv.
• Easts AH Kuv koom heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv thiab sau rau ntawm cov ntawv no muaj ntau phau ntawv.
• Potebnya AA kawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian hom lus, them ntau xim rau cov qauv sau ntawv.
• Shakhmatov AA Kuv kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov lus. Nws sau tau ob peb tej hauj lwm hauv lub syntax ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
• Peshkovski AM Nws tseem ceeb suab nyob rau hauv kev hais lus raws li ib tug grammatical pab kom express kev xav.
• LV Szczerba Nws yog tus discoverer ntawm tus txheej xwm lus pawg thiab tham txog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub noun thiab qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus.
• Vinogradov VV Kuv kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab linguistics. Nws sau tau ntau phau ntawv hais txog lub yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus siv nyob rau hauv nws sau los ntawm ntau tus sau phau. Nws yog tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb cov pab nyob rau hauv lexicology thiab phraseology ntawm cov lus.
• Karamzin NM kawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj lus, npaum li cas los ze zog kev sau ntawv thiab colloquial style ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
• Ushakov DN kawm spelling, lexicology, dialectology. Sau 4 tagnrho ntawm ib tug glossary muaj 90000 nkag. Ua hauj lwm rau qhov project no twb nqa tawm rau 6 xyoo.
• Dal VI Nws yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho raws li cov neeg sau ntawm Great phau ntawv txhais lus, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhia tau hais tias qhov tob ntawm nws txoj kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus.

Philology, Lavxias teb sab lus

Lavxias teb sab Philology yog ib feem ntawm cov loj heev Slavic seem, kawm Lavxias teb sab neeg thiab nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nyob rau hauv XVII xyoo pua nws pib khaws cov ntaub ntawv rau txheej thaud, uas muab kev koom tes rau hauv lub Count Rumyantsev.

Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, Lomonosov thiaj li sau ob nto moo phau ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem lus ntawm cov lus thiab lub zoo dua ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj lus tshaj lub txuas ntxiv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm stylistics. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, Lavxias teb sab linguists tsis txhob ua hauj lwm, ntxiv rau kev tsom xam yeej sib txawv, dialects thiab idioms. Tsuas yog tam sim no nws yog niaj hnub nuj nqis uas tsis tau tsuas sau tej hauj lwm, tab sis kuj yuav qhia lawv cov discoveries nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tom qab tag nrho, feem ntau ntawm cov philologists ua hauj lwm nyob rau universities thiab kev tshawb fawb institutes.

Txawv teb chaws Philology

Qhov no ceg ntawm science teem rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lwm hom lus, lawv lub keeb kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej cov zajlus cuab yeej cuab tam, haujlwm ua nyob rau hauv-tob tsom xam ntawm yeej thiab dialects, cov kev txawj ntse ntawm cov uas zoo heev influences ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm hais lus thiab to taub cov haiv neeg hais lus. Big luag hauj lwm ntawm translation xyaum.

Nws yuav ua tau ntev kawm cov kev cai ntawm sau ntawv thiab phonetics, tab sis koj tsis tau hais lus kom zoo thiab txhais hais lus tsis muaj tswv yim kev kawm.

Yuav ua li cas los ua ib tug philologist

Ua ib tug kws ntawv thiab rau siab lawv tus kheej mus rau feem ntau nthuav ntawm lub sciences yuav tau txais nyob rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology. Muaj ntau ntau tsev uas muaj xws li tshwj xeeb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj lub department soj ntsuam nrog txawv ceg lug: tej zaum nws yuav Slavic, Indo-European, Romance thiab Germanic Philology.

Xaiv cov kev taw qhia, txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav txiav txim siab tau yam lus twg thiab nws cov neeg yog xav nyob rau hauv cov feem coob thiab uas nws sab ntsuj plig yuav muaj mas yuav tau kawm. Philological kws qhia ntawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia paub rau tej tsev raws li:

• Moscow State University;
• Lavxias teb sab tib State University;
• Nizhny Novgorod State University hu ua tom qab Dobrolyubov;
• Yav qab teb Federal University ;
• Pyatigorsk kwm State University ;
• Kwm Irkutsk State University;
• Moscow kwm State University.

Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau nrov lag cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tab sis muaj ntau ntau lwm yam faculties nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws nyob qhov twg koj yuav kawm txog cov lo lus uas peb nyiam.