Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences: Biography, kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev ua ub no

Lavxias tus kws qhia ntawv Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov yog tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau ua tiav zoo hauv thaj chaw ua si. Nws mob siab rau nws txoj hauj lwm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo, kev sib zog ua zog thiab qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm kev nplua thiab kev poob siab. Tam sim no nws yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences.

Kev Kawm Ntawv:

Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov yug rau Lub Ib Hlis 23, 1946 hauv Noginsk. Nyob rau hauv 1962 nws nkag mus rau Moscow Institute ntawm Physics thiab Technology - Moscow lub koom haum Physics thiab Technology. Cov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg thov nkag ua haujlwm nkag mus rau hauv physics yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Fortov siv ntau yam, nrog rau kev ua si rau lub tebchaws RSFSR hauv basketball. Yog li ntawd, Vladimir tsis xav txog lub neej tom ntej university, vim hais tias cov quota yuav tau txais mus rau yuav luag txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv sab nraum lub sib txeeb.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, thaum cov phooj ywg tau txhob txwm npaj rau qhov kev xeem nkag, Fortov siv nws lub sijhawm dawb ntawm nws dacha nrog nws cov txheeb ze nyob ze Dolgoprudny (qhov chaw nyob hauv MIPT). Nyob rau hauv physteh nws tus phooj ywg hu ua. Tus neeg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab coj cov kev xeem "rau kev xeem" kom ua raws li kev xyaum xwb. Vim tias tuaj rau MIPT los ntawm lub sijhawm, Fortov nws thiaj li txiav txim siab mus rau qhov ntawd.

Tus tub hluas ntawd tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab chaw tshawb nrhiav. Twb tau nyob rau hauv ob xyoo nws pib nws kev ua hauj lwm. Lub taub hau ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog tus thermophysicist thiab mechanic, Sib tham tswvcuab ntawm tus USSR Academy of Sciences Vitaly Ievlev.

Kev Sib Koom

Fortov defended nws thesis ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm (nws yog devoted rau qhov teeb meem thermodynamic ntawm Fermi-Zel'dovich). Tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab pom nws tus kheej hauv kev sib tshuam. Raws li ib tug neeg ntawm Noginsk, nws tsis muaj ib daim ntawv tso cai Moscow chaw nyob thiab, raws li cov cai, yuav tsum tau mus rau Vladivostok los ntawm faib. Ua ntej tawm Fortov kawg hauv kev sib tham hauv kev tshawb fawb. Muaj nws pib nug cov lus nug. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Vladimir Evgenievich, nws teb "cheekily". Qhov kev sib cav sib ceg, thiab tom qab kev hais lus ntawm kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tus kws kho mob tsim lub ncauj lus hauv ib txoj hauj lwm tshiab. Fortov yws yws tias nws yuav tsum tawm mus rau Vladivostok. Ces nws tus khub (nws yog ib tug ntawm cov txiv ntawm cov atomic foob pob Yakov Zeldovich) nug Nobel nqi zog khiav Nikolay Semenov muab tus tub hluas hauv ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yuav cia ib tug sau npe thiab tis ntawm cov teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam ua tiav. Fortov nyob hauv lub peev thiab nws tau kawm tiav hauv MIPT.

Lub sij hawm no tus neeg rau tus kws paub hauj lwm hluas yog Department of Physical Mechanics. Nyob rau hauv 1971, Vladimir Evgenevich Fortov defended nws thesis thiab tau txais cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tus neeg sib tw ntawm sciences. Nyob hauv nws cov hauj lwm tom ntej, tus kws kho mob pom tias nws cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntshav tsis haum thiab poob siab tsis.

Kev tshawb nrhiav

Tom qab tiv thaiv nws thesis, Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Physics Physics. Nyob ntawd tus kws paub hauj lwm hluas tau pom zoo los ntawm Yakov Zeldovich.

Nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Physics Physics Fortov txuas ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm huab xeev ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev poob siab-ntshav cov ntshav. Cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov pib ntawm cov kws kho mob ntawm cov kws kho mob. Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov defended nws nyob rau hauv 1976. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshawb fawb pib ua haujlwm nrog Lev Altshuler.

Ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm

Vladimir Fortov tsis tsuas yog koom tes nrog kev tshawb fawb ntshav. Nws txaus siab rau qhov kev poob siab yoj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam thiab lawv cov twj paj nruag, lub zog thiab cov thermomechanical cov xeeb ceem nyob hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau kawm thiab ntsia tshiab mechanisms ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev rhuav tshem kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev nyuab siab ntxiv. Cim ntaub ntawv thiab kev tau nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb nrhiav pov thawj yuav tsis tshua muaj tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub 1980s nrog lub advent ntawm "Vega" - International Space kev pab cuam, nyob rau hauv uas kawm Halley lub Comet.

Cov nqes yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm hauv meteorite. Qhov teeb meem no yog nyob rau hauv tus kheej ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm Vladimir Fortov thiab nws cov neeg koom tes. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tsis yog los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau qhov kev sib thooj, tiam sis tseem muaj cov thawv tshawb fawb. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, coped nrog lawv cov hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm poob siab phenomena, Soviet tiv thaiv complex yog xav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s, Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov, nrog nws Tomsk thiab Novosibirsk npoj yaig, ua ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.

Kev Paub thiab Tshawb Nrhiav

Fortov Vladimir Evgenievich koom tes nrog ntau lub chaw tshawb nrhiav thaum nws tshawb fawb. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau txuas nrog ntau lub degrees nrog lub koom haum kev sov siab thiab Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm General Physics ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg, Vladimir Fortov ua thwmsim nrog pulsed laser kab, thanks rau uas nws yog tau mus laij cov computational qauv txuam nrog cosmic meteorites. Nyob rau hauv lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Kub Siab, nws tau tsim ib txoj hlua hluav taws xob khiav hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau xyoo 1980s, Vladimir Fortov pib tshawb xyuas txog txoj kev hloov kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau lub zog ntawm electromagnetic hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv science. Rau lawv ib qho kev tshwj xeeb teeb tsa tau ua nyob rau hauv ICP, uas nyob rau hauv 1987 nws yog qhov ua tau kom tau txais thawj zaug ntawm lub suab paj nruag multimillion-watt, raug rau microwave hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab inspirer ntawm cov kev vam meej yog Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov. Nws haiv neeg, hnub nyoog thiab lwm yam ntxwv yog daj ntseg ua ntej txoj kev taug nws nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb Soviet.

Tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb

Ntawm qhov pib ntawm Vladimir Fortov nyob rau hauv 1986, lub koom haum rau Kev Kub Kub pib kev tshawb fawb ntawm high-temperature thermal physics. Ua tsaug rau txoj hauj lwm ua tiav, nws tshwm sim, uas tsim nyog rau kev sim siab nrog siab siab thiab kub. Tsis ntev lawv ua ntawv thov thiab tau ua yooj yim kev tshawb fawb, tus kwv uas twb thaj chaw ntawm teeb meem, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab mob.

Rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj zog, Fortov tau tsim cov cim dav hlau kheej kheej (nyob rau hauv nws lub hom qauv ua kom dhau mus ua tus loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb). Cov khoom siv no tseem siv. Lub chamber thiab lwm cov kev sib txuas zoo tuaj rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Thermal Physics ntawm Cov Kev Phem Nyuaj, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb yog tshwm sim ntawm Academy of Sciences, tshwj xeeb rau txhua yam kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Qhov kev sim

Lub txiaj ntsig ntawm Vladimir Fortov raws li ib tug kws tshawb fawb yog tias nws tsim tau ib qho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev - dynamic physics ntawm kev ceev plasma. Vim nws tau txais Percy Bridgman Award. Tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau sau tseg hauv nws lub teb chaws. Nyob rau xyoo 1987, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, thiab xyoo 1991 - nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Tsoomfwv Tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences.

Nyob rau hauv 1990s Vladimir Fortov tsim nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev tshawb no kua thiab plasma iav. Tam sim no nws tau nyob rau hauv nws pov tseg tsis tsuas yog lub niaj hnub laboratories, tab sis kuj yog Mir orbital complex, thiab raws li International Chaw nres tsheb. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav no tau ua ib tug tho kev. Lawv tau nqa tawm hauv ntau yam ntxhov siab thiab kub. Siv nruab nrab xws li ib tug ntshav glow paug ntawm ncaj qha tam sim no, nuclear hob ntshav, ntshav, ntshav beam thiab ultraviolet tawg ntxias t. D.

Rau tus neeg zov lub ntsej muag

Vladimir Fortov pib tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub xeev thiab kev kawm thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm USSR thiab tshwm sim ntawm ib lub tebchaws tshiab tshiab. Cov no tau nyuaj xyoo, thiab tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua txhua yam uas tau tso siab rau nws los tawm tsam qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb. Nws tau mus koom lub Lavxias Foundation rau Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tau txais tsoom fwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, qhov chaw uas nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Committee rau Science. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog hloov mus rau Lavxias teb sab science, Vladimir Fortov ua si ntau hauv xov xwm, sau cov ntawv thiab ntseeg tau tiv thaiv txoj kev kawm ntawm lub teb chaws. Ua tsaug rau nws cov dag zog, MVS 1000M tshwm sim - ib tug supercomputer peev xwm ntawm trillions ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ib pliag.

Kev xaiv tsa ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm RAS

Nyob rau hauv 2013, kev sib tham dav dav ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences tau tuav. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim no tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm Russian Academy of Sciences tau raug xaiv. Ntxiv rau Fortov, Alexander Nekipelov thiab Zhores Aleferov tau thov rau txoj haujlwm. Txoj kev pov npav yog kawm los ntawm ntau tshaj 1,300 tus neeg. Raws li nws tau, Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov yeej. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences tau 58% ntawm txoj kev pov npav.

Tom qab xaiv qhov kev kawm zoo li no, Vladimir Fortov tau hloov qhov taw tes rau hauv nws cov kev ua haujlwm. Qhov xwm txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russian Academy of Sciences tsis pub, raws li ua ntej, mus koom rau kev tshawb fawb. Muaj ntau tus neeg tshawb fawb txog nws qhov kev xaiv "bureaucratic".

Fortov nws tus kheej piav qhia nws qhov kev txiav txim siab los ua tus thawj tswj hwm, ntawm nws qhov kev xam pom, nws tuaj yeem coj tau txiaj ntsim zoo dua rau kev tshawb fawb txog Lavxias teb sab. Nws qhov kev xaiv ua ntej kev xaiv tsa yog ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm RAS. Muaj ntau tus Academy tau txiav txim siab tias nws yog lub sijhawm los ua qhov kev txhim kho ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev kawm. Tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm saib tau los ntawm Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov. Tus Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy of Sciences tau txais ib lub sij hawm teem tseg, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev pom hauv zej tsoom kev kawm.

Cov kev cuam tshuam nyob ib ncig ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm RAS

Ob peb lub hlis tom qab qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm Fortov pib kho ntawm txoj kev kawm. Txawm li cas los, nws cov tswv yim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no tsis yog cov kws tshawb fawb, tab sis ua haujlwm los ntawm Ministry of Education thiab Science. Vim li no, Vladimir Evgenyevich tau pib sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam bureaucracy. Nyob rau hauv nws kev sib tham, nws tau sau tseg tias nws yuav tsis cia RAS yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo los ntawm cov thawj coj uas tsis muaj dab tsi los ua nrog nws. Lub ntiaj teb kev paub dhau los, tus thawj tswj hwm tsev kawm ntawv tau qhia tias, kev hloov kev hloov loj yuav tsum yog pib ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb xwb, txaus rau lawv ua haujlwm.

Nws txoj kev kawm tau zoo nyob rau thawj theem ntawm nws tus ncej tshiab, Fortov, hu ua qhov xaus ntawm qhov "barbarism" ua los ntawm Ministry of the Interior. Qhov tseeb yog tias vim muaj kev tsim txiaj, lub tuam tsev tau muab tsoom fwv hauv lub teb chaws los tsim ib lub koom haum rau kev lag luam ntawm Academy of Sciences. Fortov, Vladimir Evgenievich, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences, uas nws cov neeg tau paub nyob rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm loj, tau nres qhov kev pib no.

Khoom plig thiab kev paub

Vladimir Fortov tshua lub taub hau ntawm fab tub ceev xwm ntawm kev ua siab kub-txias ntawm MIPT. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb heev rau kev cob qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kws tshawb fawb. Kaum ob ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov npe sib tw tau raug txhawb los ntawm nws cov thawj coj.

Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences Fortov Vladimir Evgenievich ntawm nws tus kheej los yog sau ntawv sau luam tawm ob lub duab thaij duab thiab ntau tshaj 300 cov khoom nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws phau ntawv. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua ib tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm International Prizes Karpinsky (hauv 1997), Bridgman (hauv 1999), Planck (hauv 2002), Alfvén (hauv 2003), Duval (hauv 2005) thiab iav (hauv 2009 .). Raws li ib tug physicist tau yeej qhov kev txiav txim "Rau kev pab rau cov motherland» II degree thiab qhov kev txiav txim Aleksandra Nevskogo. Fortov Vladimir Evgenievich, uas nws cov neeg raug tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Lavxias Academy ntawm Sciences, thiab niaj hnub no tseem niaj hnub ua nws cov dej num kom muaj txiaj ntsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab science.