Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm CentOS 7: installation, chaw thiab kev pom zoo

Ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg tias txhua yam kev pabcuam thiab kev pabcuam peb siv nyob rau hauv Internet yog raws li tib lub computer uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw, lawv tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv kiag li, lawv tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm lub graphical zoo nkauj thiab raug tswj nrog kev pab los ntawm cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Cov computers no yog hu ua servers. Cov neeg uas paub, ntawm chav kawm, paub yuav ua li cas configure thiab "tsa" lawv cov neeg rau zaub mov. Cov neeg uas tuaj tshiab rau txoj haujlwm no, nws tseem ceeb heev kom kawm ntau tshaj ib qho kev sib tham thiaj li tau siv rau. Ib qho yog: kom tsim tau ib qho pheej yig thiab ruaj khov neeg rau zaub mov, koj yuav tsum xaiv tib yam pheej yig thiab ruaj khov hauv paus, namely, Linux khiav haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm feem coob ntog ntawm CentOS 7. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov ncauj lus me ntsis txog kev yuav ua li cas rau lub installation ntawm CentOS 7 thiab tsim ib tug neeg rau zaub mov los ntawm nws cov hauv paus.

What is CentOS?

CentOS - ib tug muab faib rau Linux, lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov uas yog lub stability. Qhov no system, zoo li qhov sib tw competed Fedora, tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaws ntawm cov nyiaj faib ntawm Red Hat Linux. Cov tom kawg, tig mus, yog ib lub cuab tam zoo rau cov neeg khiav dej num, uas yuav tsum muaj kev paub tseeb, kev lag luam ruaj khov thiab kev tswj xyuas yooj yim.

CentOS tsis khav txog qhov tseeb versions ntawm tej pob khoom, tsis zoo li Fedora, tab sis txhua tus neeg khiav dej num yuav zoo siab txog nws thaum Fedora los yog lwm qhov niaj hnub faib nrog nws cov pob tshiab "nti", thiab CentOS yuav ua hauj lwm ntsiag to, tsis hais txog qhov teeb meem twg. Cov tshooj no piav me ntsis txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab nruab CentOS 7, lub ntsiab ntawm qhov system thiab chaw ua haujlwm.

Download tau CentOS 7

Ua ntej nruab CentOS 7, koj yuav tsum download tau lub operating system tis pob rau hauv lub website.

Muaj ob peb kev xaiv rau kev daus:

• ISO ntaub ntawv rau kev sau ntawv mus rau disk - zoo tagnrho rau feem ntau nrog rau tag nrho lub cev thiab graphical interface;
• ISO ntaub ntawv rau installation ntawm hard disk thiab USB flash tsav - lub pob ntau tshaj;
• ISO rau tsawg heev unloading - tsuas yog cov kev khiav hauj lwm nrog tsawg kawg ntawm txheej pob thiab tsis muaj graphical interface (ntawm no version ntawm tis koj tau "tsa" tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj teeb meem, tsis muaj txhim kho txhua yam superfluous).

Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khau raj, koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho "disk nyob" nrog ob qhov chaw sib txawv (KDE thiab Gnome). Cov dluab yog tsim rau cov neeg uas xav sim lub cev hauv rooj plaub ua ntej kev txhim kho nws ntawm lub zog tsav.

Txhim kho CentOS 7

Txawm hais tias koj xaiv ib qho duab tsawg, CentOS 7 yuav kom muab siv cov graphical interface rau kev txhim kho lub zog rau ntawm qhov tsav nyuab.

Txoj kev no yuav siv qhov chaw hauv 6 theem pib ua:

• Teem sijhawm rau hnub tim thiab sijhawm - nyob rau theem no nws txaus los xaiv koj lub sijhawm thaj chaw thiab lub sijhawm yuav tsum teem cia.
• Kev tsim cov lus thiab kev teeb tsa - koj yuav tsum xaiv ib hom lus tseem ceeb thiab ib hom lus ntxiv, nrog rau cov lus qhia kom tau cov ntawv sau cia rau lawv.
• Lub installation qhov chaw - nyob rau theem no koj tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau dab tsi, ces cov ntaub ntawv rau kev txhim kho yuav raug muab tshem tawm hauv xov xwm nrog lub system.
• Software rau installation - nyob rau theem no nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv qhov tsawg kawg pob software, vim peb xav tau xa tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj duab thiab lub graphical interface.
• Nruab qhov chaw - nyob rau theem no, xaiv qhov tsav nyuaj kom tau txais kev pab, nrog rau kev sib tw.
• Internet teeb - ntawm no koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov kev txuas mus rau Network.

Tom qab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum tsim kom tau ib tug neeg siv profile thiab qhia meej txog cov hauv paus lo lus zais. Tom qab qhov txheej txheem sib dhos tiav lawm, lub computer pib dua thiab kom koj pib ua haujlwm tshiab.

Txhim kho CentOS 7 neeg rau zaub mov

Ntawm no hauv luv luv peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas rau ib tug neeg xa xov thoob ntiaj teb raws li CentOS 7 nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim nyog uas yuav tsum tau rau nws cov hauj lwm tag nrho.

Yog li, ua ntej koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus neeg rau zaub mov xwb. Nws tuaj yeem raug ntiav nyob rau hauv Web (ntawm 250 rubles), los yog teeb tsa nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hauv zos. Tsuas yog qhov koj xav tau yog SSH cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siv los teev rau hauv cov neeg rau zaub mov. Nqa, piv txwv, cov chaw xa ntawv paub abstract root@centos.com thiab tus neeg siv lub npe nrog tus password, tseem centos.

Pib lub teeb tsa los ntawm kev tsim tus neeg siv thiab muab nws tag nrho cov cai tsim nyog:

• Ntxiv cov neeg siv nrog cov lus txib useradd centos;
• Tsim ib lo lus zais cim rau nws - passwd centos;
• Peb yuam kom lawv xa cov hauv paus tuaj-xa mus rau tus neeg siv no - vi / etc / aliases;
• Peb muab rau tus neeg siv txoj cai rau sudo nrog qhov kev hais kom siv lus visudo (qhov hais kom ua kab yuav teb nrog kev pom zoo ntawm lub lag luam).

Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum qhia lub npe loj. Qhov no yuav ua tau nrog qhov hais kom ua hostnamectl set-hostname server1.centos.net.

Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau lov tes taw Firewall thiab SeLinux. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau ua qhov no kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam koj tus kheej ntawm cov cai rau cov neeg siv khoom. Koj tuaj yeem nres lub Firewall cov lag luam uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaiv systemctl thiab systemctl lov tes taw firewalld lus txib. Qhov teeb meem nrog SeLinux yog me ntsis nyuab dua: koj yuav tsum qhib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Vi phau ntawv sau nrog vi / etc / selinux / config, nrhiav kab SELINUX = tau muaj thiab hloov nrog SELINUX = neeg xiam oob khab. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum reboot lub system.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv txoj kev teeb tsa yog nruab SSH.

Rau qhov koj xav tau:

• Ntxiv rau qhov uas tsim nyog tuav nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb SSH-tsab-id hais kom root@centos.com.
• Hloov qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv cov ntaub ntawv configuration / yam / ssh / sshd_config ntawm Port 222.
• Deny nkag mus rau tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj hauv paus cai los ntawm typing kab PermitRootLogin tsis muaj password.
• Thiab reboot tus neeg rau zaub mov nrog systemctl Updated 10/22/07 / f.Triplett sshd.

Koj kuj yuav tau hloov tag nrho cov tshuab thiab txhim kho cov kev tshajtawm epel thiab rpmforge repositories. Rau qhov koj xav tau:

• Hloov tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nrog cov yum hloov tshiab.
• Download tau qhov system tshiab nrog lub yum -enablerepo = cr hloov hais kom ua.
• Yog hais tias tsis muaj cov khoom qub uas tseem tshuav tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem download tau ntau cov qauv tshiab ntawm epel thiab rpmforge los ntawm typing yum -y nruab * qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg yuav tsum tau software version * (tus haum repository tau yooj yim nyob rau ntawm cov kev pab profile).

Tshawb xyuas cov kev pab cuam, kho Apache thiab PHP

Txhim kho ntxiv Cheebtsam nyob rau ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam, koj yuav tau xyuas thiab lov tes taw qee cov kev pabcuam thiab MTA cov kev pabcuam.

Rau qhov koj xav tau:

• Kuaj xyuas tias cov kev pabcuam no twb khiav nrog lub systemctl -t kev pabcuam.
• Lov tes taw tag nrho tsis tseem ceeb thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev pib, piv txwv li, rau nruab kev xa ntawv cov kev pab, koj yuav tsum tau lov tes taw postfix nrog commands systemctl nres postfix thiab systemctl lov tes taw postfix.

Ces koj yuav tsum mus download tau Apache thiab PHP, tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov lag luam ntawm peb cov neeg rau zaub mov.

Yog li, rau qhov no:

• Nruab lub pob Apache nrog yum-y nruab httpd hais kom ua.
• Peb hloov qhov kev ua ntaub ntawv (koj yuav tsum qhia tus neeg rau qhov chaw nyob, npe, kos npe, thiab lwm yam).
• Pib Apache thiab pab kom autorun ua haujlwm nrog cov commands systemctl pib httpd thiab systemctl pab httpd.
• Ces ntxiv PHP pab -y lub nruab ib lub yum ? Php? Php-of mbstring? Php-nyob ze.
• Reboot Apache siv cov systemctl Updated 17th October 2013.

Txhim kho qhov MySql database tswj system

Ua ntej txhim kho MySql hauv CentOS 7, nws yog worthwhile mus hais tias thaum siv tus txheem Yum download tus thawj tswj lub nruab downloads downloads lwm txoj kev qhia ntawm qhov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub npe MariaDB, yog li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm CentOS nws yog tsim nyog mus bypass.

Rau nruab MySql koj xav tau:

• Download tau MYSQL neeg los ntawm cov nom repository nqi hluav taws xob siv wget commands * txuas mus rau ib tug MySQL * neeg cov ntaub ntawv.
• Ces nruab nws nyob rau hauv lub system nrog cov commands sudo rpm -vh * lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rpm nrog rau version MySql * thiab sudo yum nruab mysql-neeg rau zaub mov.
• Tom qab ntawd, paub meej tias qhov kev khiav hauj lwm ob zaug los ntawm hom Y rau ntawm kab hais kom ua.

Txhim kho Zabbix Saib Xyuas

Rau nruab Zabbix nyob rau hauv CentOS 7, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov tseeb version ntawm tus neeg muas zaub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim tawm thiab ces nruab nws nyob rau hauv lub system.

Rau qhov koj xav tau:

• Ntxiv lub repository nrog lub rpm hais kom ua Uvh * ib qhov txuas rau rpm cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau tam sim no version of Zabbix *.
• Hloov cov npe ntawm cov software muaj yum hloov tshiab.
• Tom qab ntawd, nruab ZAPix tus neeg siv ntawm lub system nrog yum nruab zabbix-tus neeg sawv cev hais kom ua.
• Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem mus xyuas cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam (koj xav tau ib tus thib peb) thiab los nug cov lus nug ntawm Y ntawm qhov kev hais kom ua.

Txhim kho tus Zimbra Mail Server

Ua ntej koj nruab Zimbra hauv CentOS 7, koj yuav tsum npaj ib qhov system rau qhov no.

Yog li, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov hauv qab no:

• Ua tib zoo kho cov ntaub ntawv / etc thiab hostname.
• Cia tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Zimbra hauv iptables.
• Tua SeLinux.
• Tshem tawm tag nrho MTA cov kev pabcuam.
• Hloov cov kev khiav hauj lwm nrog lub yum hloov tshiab-qhov hais kom ua.
• Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum thauj khoom rau lub pob ntawv coj mus nrog cov lus txib yum nruab perl perl-core ntim nmap sudo libidn gmp.
• Tom qab ntawd - Zimbra chaw ua haujlwm nws tus kheej nrog rau qhov hais kom ua wget * ib qhov txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog Zimbra nqi hluav taws xob ntawm cov xov tooj tam sim no *.
• Unzip cov ntaub ntawv nrog tar thiab mus rau lub npe zoo nrog cov cd hais kom ua.
• Ces koj yuav tsum pib txheej txheem installation siv cov lus txib. / Install.sh -platform-override.