Txhais tau tias kev artistic qhia: cov piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem

Tag nrho cov, tus hluas, zoo thiab kaj nws zoo tshaj plaws qhia cov kev xav, txoj kev xav thiab ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem no. Li no txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tag nrho koj endeavors, raws li zoo ua nws yog meej heev cuab tam ntawm kev yaum. Ntawm no luv luv teev seb muaj dab tsi txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia ib tug neeg xav tau kev pab kom mus cuag cov yam tshwm sim los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no txhua txhua hnub, thiab yog dab tsi - mus rau replenish lub arsenal ntawm kev paub qhia lo hais lus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Tshwj xeeb expressiveness lus

Lus daim ntawv no, muaj peev xwm nyiam cov xim ntawm tus mloog los yog nyeem ntawv, yuav ua rau nws nco los ntawm novelty, uniqueness, singularity, nrog ib tug ncaim ntawm lub niaj zaus thiab txhua hnub - ib tug lus qhia.

Ntawm no ua hauj lwm zoo, kev txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, yog lub npe hu ua piv txwv qhia zvukopis, hyperbole, personification, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Koj yuav tsum tau sai dlua tshwj xeeb hom kev kawm thiab txoj kev nyob rau thaum lawv tseem, raws li lub suab nyob rau hauv lo lus thiab collocations.

Enormous lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov lus, phraseology, cov qauv sau ntawv thiab phonetic nta. Txhua txoj kev artistic qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua hauj lwm nyob txhua theem ntawm kev txawj.

phonetics

Ntawm no yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - zvukopis, ib tug tshwj xeeb artistic cov txheej txheem, raws li nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub suab dluab los ntawm suab repetitions. Koj muaj peev xwm txawm simulate qhov tiag-lub ntiaj teb no lub suab - qhov chirping, whistling, suab nrov, los nag, thiab lwm yam, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau muaj mob koom tes nrog cov kev xav thiab kev xav uas koj yuav tau hu tus mloog los yog nyeem ntawv. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj kom ua tau tiav los ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia. Piv txwv ntawm onomatopoeia muaj feem ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv sau lyrics: ntawm no yog tshwj xeeb yog zoo Balmont "Ib tag hmo thaum lub sij hawm ...".

Yuav luag tag nrho cov paj huam los ntawm cov nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog zvukopisi siv. Zoo nkauj kab laug Lermontov, Pushkin, Boratynsky. Lub Symbolists kuj kawm tau mus hu thiab hnov, qhov muag saib thiab txawm olfactory, gustatory, tactile duab kos tau tshwm tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm tus nyeem ntawv mus ua tej yam kev xav thiab cwj pwm txawv.

Muaj ob lub ntsiab hom, feem ntau siab raws zvukopisnye txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. Piv txwv BLOK thiab Andrei Bely, lawv yog feem ntau tsuas yog siv assonance - repetition ntawm tib cim los yog zoo sounding. Qhov thib ob hom - lub alliteration, uas yog feem ntau pom twb nyob rau hauv Pushkin thiab Tiutchev, - ib tug repetition ntawm consonants - zoo tib yam los yog zoo sib xws.

Vocabulary thiab phraseology

Lub hom txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - ke uas expressively portray qhov teeb meem no los yog yam khoom, uas siv cov lus nyob rau hauv lawv cov paj lug kev txiav txim zoo. Lub ntsiab yam ntawm tropes: ib tug sib piv, epithet, personification, piv txwv qhia, metonymy, synecdoche, periphrasis, hyperbole thiab litotes, irony.

Dhau li tropes, muaj tej yam yooj yim thiab zoo txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. piv txwv:

• txhais ntxeev, txhais, homonyms, paronyms;
• idioms;
• paub cov ntsiab lus, pleev xim rau stylistically, thiab paub cov ntsiab lus, siv tsawg.

Qhov kawg yam khoom muaj xws li ua dog ua dig thiab jargon, thiab txawm paub cov ntsiab lus, yog tsis txais nyob rau hauv ib tug dlej zej zog. Opposites yog tej zaum zoo tshaj dua li tej epithets: Yuav ua li cas yog koj huv si! - tus me nyuam, ua luam dej nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke. Txhais brilliance thiab txhim khu kev hais lus tseeb. Nruas txaus siab nrog lub fact tias cov neeg tau kev pab hnov ib tug paub thiab sai sai mus rau cov kev sib cuag. Cov lus phenomena tsis yog ib tug ncaj qha kev txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. Piv txwv ntawm es tsis tshwj xeeb, haum rau ib tug txiav txim, los yog cov phau ntawv, tab sis yuav ho ntxiv mus rau lub ci ci ntawm cov duab thiab tej yam nyob rau hauv tus neeg tau. Kev zoo nkauj thiab liveliness ntawm kev hais lus nyob ntawm seb nkaus ntawm seb ntawm cov cuab yeej rau tsim artistic qhia siv nyob rau hauv nws.

Thiab muab piv epithet

Epithet - daim ntawv thov los yog qhov sib ntxiv nyob rau hauv Greek. Marks tseem ceeb feature ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb siv zoo li tus txhais, raws li latent sib piv. Feem ntau cov feem ntau qhov no chaw: dub melancholy thaum sawv ntxov sedoe, thiab lwm yam, tab sis tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug epithet noun, adverb, tej txhais me me, lo lus, thiab lwm yam yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Koj muaj peev xwm faib lub epithets siv nyob rau hauv cov lus, lub teb chaws poetic thiab ib tug neeg copyrights txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. Piv txwv ntawm tag nrho peb hom: ib tug deathly silence, ib tug zoo tub hluas, curly tsaus ntuj zuag. Yuav tau muab faib txawv - paj lug thiab kev paub qhia lo: nyob rau hauv ib tug xiav pos huab, hmo ntuj insane. Tab sis txhua txhua division, ntawm chav kawm, zoo heev zwj ceeb.

Piv - ib tug sib piv ntawm cov tib phenomenon, tswvyim los yog yam khoom nrog rau lwm tus. Tsis yuav tsis meej pem nrog qhov ua piv txwv qhov twg interchangeable npe, piv yuav tsum tau hais ob ntawm tus kwv, attribute, txiav txim, thiab lwm yam Piv txwv li: ib tug glow zoo li ib tug lub hnub qub ya. Koj yuav piv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev.

• Instrumental (tiav hluas nightingale ya mus);
• comparative chaw los yog adverb (ntsuab hiav txwv lub qhov muag);
• cov tsev koom nyiaj yog hais tias, raws li yog hais tias, etc. (Raws li tsiaj squeaked qhov rooj);
• lus zoo li ib tug, ib yam li, etc. (Koj ob lub qhov muag zoo li ob pos huab);
• Comparative clauses (kub nplooj swam nyob rau hauv lub pas dej, zoo li ib tug yaj ntawm butterflies ya rau ib lub hnub qub).

Tsis zoo los sib piv yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov paj huam: yog tias tsis yog ib tug nees ... sab saum toj paj huam feem ntau tsim ib tug ncaj loj volume ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, siv ib tug yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, tus classics yuav pom, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam Koltsov, Tiutchev, Northerner, Gogol tus prose, Prishvina thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nws siv ib tug ntau. Qhov no yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nrhiav-tom qab txoj kev artistic qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog tam sim no qhov txhia chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm pab ob qho tib si scientific thiab kev tshaj tawm, thiab nes mas hais Ius ntawv nrog tib yam kev mob siab thiab kev kawm tau zoo.

Ua piv txwv qhia thiab personification

Lwm heev lug siv txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - ib tug ua piv txwv qhia nws txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv Greek - hloov. Lo lus los yog kab lus no yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab. Lub hauv paus ntawm no yog cov tsis zoo sib thooj ntawm cov khoom, txheej xwm, kev ua, thiab lwm yam Tsis zoo li kev sib piv ua piv txwv qhia yog ntau compact. Nws ua rau yus xwb, yog muab piv nrog ib tug los yog lwm. Kev zoo sib thooj yuav tau raws li nyob rau hauv tus duab, xim, ntim, lo lus uas peb, zoo nkaus li, etc. (A kaleidoscope ntawm cov txheej xwm, lub txim ntawm kev hlub, lub hiav txwv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, ib tug cov khoom muaj nqis trove ntawm paj huam). Metaphors yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv zoo tib yam (cov lus) thiab cov kos duab: cov golden ob txhais tes thiab pob zeb diamond hnub qub thrill). Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub lawm thiab scientific metaphors: lub ozone qhov, lub hnub ci cua, thiab lwm yam Cov kev vam meej ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov neeg sau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv dab tsi txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia siv.

Hom txoj kev, uas zoo sib xws rau cov ua piv txwv qhia - cov embodiment, thaum lub cim ntawm tej lub nyob qhov chaw yog pauv mus rau khoom, cov tswv yim los yog tshwm sim ntawm qhov: nteg tsaug tsaug zog pos huab, lub caij nplooj zeeg hnub paled thiab extinguished - lub personification ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena uas tshwm sim ntau heev, tsawg feem ntau personified lub ntiaj teb no los ntawm cov khoom - saib Ann. "Lub violin thiab nyo hau," Mayakovsky "huab nyob rau hauv ris", Mamin-Siberian nrog nws "zoo-natured thiab tus phooj ywg lub ntsej muag lub tsev" thiab ntau dua. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub peb tsis pom lub avatars: lub ntaus ntawv hais tias huab cua cures, lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag tau pib rau koj tsiv, thiab lwm yam Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias muaj zoo dua txoj kev ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia, hais lus, nrag ntau yeeb yuj dua lub embodiment.

Metonymy thiab synecdoche

Nyob rau hauv Greek metonymy txhais tau tias renaming, uas yog, lub npe yog kis los ntawm tus kwv tawm tsam, qhov chaw uas lub hauv paus - contiguity. Heev decorates lub cev siv txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xws li metonymy. Kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm adjacency tej zaum yuav raws li nram no:

• cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus: noj peb phiaj no;
• sau phau ntawv thiab tej hauj lwm: cem Homer;
• kev txiav txim thiab nws ua tsov rog: ibtxhi swords thiab hluav taws;
• kwv thiab kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas: rau kub noj;
• qhov chaw thiab lam: nrov nroog.

Metonimija complementary txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia hais lus, nrog rau nws ntxiv clarity, neeg, imagery, thiab clarity, tsis muaj leej twg epithet conciseness. Paub siv nws, thiab lub sau ntawv, thiab publicists, nws yog lawm ua tus sau nrog colloquial hais lus ntawm tag nrho cov mus kev ntawm lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv lem, ib yam ntawm cov metonymy - ib tug synecdoche, nyob rau hauv Greek - correlation, dhau lawm, yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug tshwm sim rau lwm lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho ntsiab cai - tus ntau kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim los yog cov khoom. Muab yuav ua tau raws li nram no:

• tsawg heev rau ib tug loj (thereto noog yoov, tsov tsis hais lus; haus ib khob);
• ib feem ntawm ib tug tag nrho (Hwj txwv, uas ntsiag to? Moscow yeej tsis pom zoo rau txim).

Paraphrase los yog paraphrase

Hauj lwm los yog piav txog kab lus nyob rau hauv Greek - tig, yog siv es tsis txhob ntawm lo lus los yog ob peb ua ke ntawm cov lo lus - ib tug paraphrase. Piv txwv li, Pushkin sau "Peter lub creation", thiab txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias twb yog nws hais rau St. Petersburg. Nws tso cai rau peb mus paraphrase nram qab no:

• kom paub tias cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kwv, uas peb sawv cev;
• tsis txhob repetition (tautology);
• kom meej meej soj ntsuam xwm;
• ntxiv ntawv nyeem sublime pathos, pathos.

Paraphrases impermissible xwb nyob rau hauv lub lag luam thiab tsim style, tab sis txwv tsis pub muaj ntau ntau. Nyob rau hauv colloquial hais lus feem ntau coexists nrog irony, phiajcim ua ke no ob txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia. Lavxias teb sab lus yog enriched los ntawm lub txuas txawv tropes.

Hyperbole thiab litotes

Paj lug qhia nrog ntev exaggeration rau tus cwj pwm los yog tsis cwj pwm, kev ua, los yog cov txheej xwm - qhov no yog hyperbole (Greek yog txhais raws li ib tug exaggeration). Litotes - nyob rau tsis tooj, yog ib tug understatement.

Xav yog txuas mus rau ib qho txawv lawm, kaj lub siab lub ntsws coloring, credibility kev ntsuam xyuas. Tshwj xeeb yog zoo pab tsim tav laus dluab. Siv nyob rau hauv journalism ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tsis tau no tropes heev, yuav tsis ua li cas: tsawg noog Gogol yuav ya xwb rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub Dnieper; me me kab Krylov thiab xws li ib tug ntau ntawm yuav luag txhua txhua ua hauj lwm ntawm tej neeg sau ntawv.

Irony thiab sarcasm

Nyob rau hauv Greek lo lus no hais txog ib tug sham uas yog zoo ib yam nrog rau kev siv cov txoj kev taug. Yuav ua li cas yog cov txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia uas yuav tsum tau rau ridicule? Statement yuav tsum rov qab ntawm nws npaj lub ntsiab lus thaum nws yog ib tug zoo kev ntsuam xyuas conceals mockery: ntse taub hau - ib tug txaus siab mus rau tus nees luav nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg Krylov piv txwv. "Unsinkable hero" - lub irony siv nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm journalism, uas feem ntau muab hais tias los yog nkhaus. Cov cuab yeej rau tsim artistic qhia tsis pa nws. Yuav ua li cas ironic nyob rau hauv cov huab - npau taws, sarcastic - heev feem ntau siv sarcasm: txawv ntawm cov express thiab rub, raws li zoo raws li lub txhob txwm raug ntawm rub. Unmerciful, raug lead lom ntse - nws thiab nyeem tau: kuv feem ntau yog hais lus cam txog qhov saj ntawm oysters thiab coconuts tsuas nrog cov neeg uas noj lawv (Zhvanetskiy). Algorithm sarcasm yog ib cov saw ntawm kev ua: ib tug tsis zoo tshwm sim engender kev chim siab thiab resentment, ces los txog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - kawg degree ntawm lub siab lub ntsws qhib siab dawb paug: zoo noj npua txaus ntshai tshaib plab hma. Txawm li cas los, koj yuav tau siv sarcasm li ntse li sai tau. Thiab nws tsis yog feem ntau, yog hais tias tus neeg sau tsis yog ib tug professional satirist. Media sarcasm feem ntau muab lawv tus kheej smarter tshaj lwm leej lwm tus. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj ntawm cov satirist tsis ua hauj lwm kom tau cov zis hlub. Nws thiab nws tus tsos ib txwm nyob ntawm seb dab tsi txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia siv nyob rau hauv ntsuam cov ntawv nyeem. Sarcasm - ib tug devastatingly haib tshaj riam phom.

Tsis-ruaj ntseg txhais tau tias cov lus paub cov ntsiab lus

Muab ib tug hais lus subtlest kev xav nuances thiab qhia kev pab synonymous. Piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm siv lo lus "haiv neeg" es tsis txhob "khiav" rau ntau dua kev paub qhia lo lub hwj chim. Thiab tsis yog rau nws:

• tshe lub kev xav thiab cov kev hloov ntawm lub finest ntxoov ntawm lub ntsiab lus;
• kev luj xyuas ntawm tus qauv piv thiab copyright;
• khaus nce nyob rau hauv cov kev qhia;
• sib sib zog nqus qhia tawm ntawm daim duab.

Nws kuj yog ib tug zoo txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia no kuj tus txhais ntxeev. Lawv hais lub tswv yim, ua si nyob rau contrasts, ntau siab tuab ib tug los yog lwm phenomenon: glossy daim ntawv rau ub dej nyab thiab qhabnias tseeb - brook. Los ntawm txhais ntxeev nws tshwm sim lug cog noob txais ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv - lub antithesis.

Muaj ntau sau ntawv, thiab cia li nco ntsoov-wits kam mus ua si nrog cov lus, coinciding nyob rau hauv suab thiab txawm nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, tab sis uas muaj lwm yam ntsiab: ib tug tawv txiv leej tub thiab txias lub kub dej thiab ntxhab bank; hmoov thiab flours; Peb nkag thiab peb chaw kom zoo zoo. Thiab lub anecdote: Mloog bosses? Uas yog tiag tiag, ua tsaug rau koj ... thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm. Nws homonyms, kev seev suab, thiab homophones.

Lo lus uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv spelling thiab suab, tiam sis yuav tau sib txawv kiag li lub ntsiab, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog feem ntau siv raws li puns thiab muaj txaus qhia hwj chim nrog deft siv. Keeb kwm - hysteria; Maitre - millimeter, etc.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov no yog tsis tseem ceeb txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia, raws li txhais, txhais ntxeev, thiab homonyms paronyms, official thiab ua lag ua luam style yog tsis siv.

nruas

Txwv tsis pub - ib tug nruas uas yog npaj phraseology kab zauv, dhau lawm, ntxiv cov lus los sis sau ntawv hais lus zoo. Mythological imagery, siab los yog hais nrog kev paub qhia lo kev ntsuam xyuas - zoo los yog tsis zoo (me me kib thiab lub Kua ntawm lub qhov muag, lather caj dab thiab ib rab ntaj ntawm Damocles) - tag nrho cov no yuav ntxiv zog rau thiab decorates vividly kev cov ntawv nyeem. Ntsev ntawm phraseology - ib tug tshwj xeeb pab pawg neeg - aphorisms. Deepest xav nyob rau hauv lub shortest version. Ib qho yooj yim yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Feem ntau siv, raws li tau zoo raws li lwm txoj kev qhia, nyob rau hauv ib tug txawj ntawv nyeem. Qhov no tej zaum kuj muaj xws li paj lug thiab sayings.