Tus qauv ntawm tib neeg leukocytes. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav dawb

Ntshav tsis tu ncua yeej nyob rau hauv cov ntshav txog ntsha system. Nws ua nyob rau hauv lub cev yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev functions: ua tsis taus pa, thauj, kev ruaj ntseg thiab tswj txoj cai, muab ib qhov hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev.

Ntshav - yog ib tug ntawm cov connective ntaub so ntswg, uas muaj intercellular tshuaj kua muaj ib tug tham muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws muaj xws li ntshav thiab hlwb tshem tawm nyob rau ntawd, los yog lub thiaj li hu ua ntshav: leukocytes, erythrocytes thiab platelets. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 1 hli ³ ntawm cov ntshav leukocytes yog los ntawm 5 mus txog 8 txhiab RBCs -. 4.5 rau 5 lab, thiab platelets - los ntawm 200 mus rau 400 txhiab.

Tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg noj qab nyob yog hais txog 4.5 mus 5 liters. 55-60% ntawm cov volume nyob los ntawm cov ntshav, thiab txoj kev ua lub ntsiab yog 40-45% ntawm tag nrho cov. Ib tug ntshav - ib tug translucent yellowish kua, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog dej (90%), organic thiab inorganic tshuaj, vitamins, amino acids, cov tshuaj hormones, metabolites.

Tus qauv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb

Dawb ntshav - yog cov ntshav hlwb, uas yog tsis muaj kob cytoplasm. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav thiab cov qog. Feem ntau lawv yog cov ntshav dawb, lawv muaj ib tug nucleus, tab sis lawv tsis muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua lawm. Qhov no yog qhov yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Cov hlwb yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv, hlwb pob txha. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntshav dawb txiav txim seb lub caij ntawm lawv lub neej, nws yog li 2 mus rau 4 hnub. Tom qab hais tias, lawv raug rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv tus po.

Dawb ntshav: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Yog hais tias peb xav txog qhov ua hauj lwm thiab morphological yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav dawb, nws yuav tau hais tias lawv yog qub hlwb uas muaj ib tug nucleus thiab protoplasm. Lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm teeb meem yam. leukocyte qauv tso cai rau lawv ua kom puas txawv teb chaws tus kab mob uas tau raug muab tso rau hauv lub cev, lawv kuj koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam pathological kev yog feem ntau heev heev thiab ntau yam tshuaj (e.g., o cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Tab sis cov qauv ntawm cov tib neeg leukocyte ntau haiv neeg. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj ib tug granular cov qauv ntawm protoplasm (granulocytes), nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg yog tsis muaj grain (agranulocytes). Xav txog cov ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Qhov ntau ntawm leukocytes

Raws li hais saum toj no, cov ntshav dawb yog sib txawv, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib nyob rau hauv tsos, qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi. Qhov no yog qhov yam ntxwv nta ntawm tib neeg leukocytes.

Yog li ntawd, xa mus rau granulocytes:

• basophils;
• qe;
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes sawv cev los ntawm lub nram qab no cov hlwb:

• lymphocytes;
• monocytes.

basophils

Qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg yog heev heev ntawm tes yam nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 1% ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Qauv leukocytes (basophils thiab hais) yooj yim. Lawv yog cov sib npaug, muaj ib tug segmented los yog nkaug cov tub ntxhais. Lub cytoplasm muaj ib tug txawv cov duab thiab loj granules muaj ib tug maub liab doog xim, tsos lawv zoo li caviar. Cov granules yog hu ua basophilic stippling. Lawv muaj cai tswj molecules, enzymes, proteins.

Basophils xeeb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha, hlwb los ntawm lub basophilic myeloblasts. Tom qab tag nrho kom loj hlob, lawv mus rau hauv cov ntshav, lub caij ntawm lawv lub neej yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob hnub. Tom qab lub hlwb mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, tab sis ua li cas ces yog tsis paub hais tias mus rau lawv.

Dhau li noj ib feem nyob rau hauv inflammatory kev tshua, basophils tej zaum yuav txo cov ntshav txhaws thiab muaj kev koom tes thaum lub sij hawm hauv chav kawm ntawm anaphylactic poob siab.

qe

Neutrophils nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog mus txog rau 70% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes. Lawv cytoplasm muaj granules violet-xim av xim, muaj ib daim ntawv ntawm zoo grain, uas yuav tsum tau dawb nrog nruab nrab dyes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Neutrophils - ntshav dawb yog, cov qauv ntawm cov cell uas yog txawv txawv. Lawv npawv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog zoo li tus wand ( "cov tub ntxhais" hlwb) los yog muaj 3-5 theem, uas yog kev cob cog rua ntawm nyias strands (qhov ntau "mature" cell).

Tag nrho cov qe yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha los ntawm myeloblasts Neutrophil. Paub tab cell nyob xwb 2 lub lis piam, ces nws yog kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv tus po los yog siab.

Neutrophil nyob rau hauv lawv cov cytoplasm muaj txog li 250 hom kev granules. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj bactericides, enzymes, ntxawg molecules uas pab Neutrophil ua raws li nws cov kev khiav dej num. Lawv tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm txoj kev phagocytosis (cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas Neutrophil haum rau cov kab mob los yog kab mob, captures nws txav inward thiab nrog enzymes pellets txav lub pathogenic tus sawv cev). Piv txwv li, ib tug cell Neutrophil yuav neutralize mus txog 7 cov kab mob. Nws kuj muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub inflammatory txheej txheem.

eosinophils

leukocyte qauv zoo li txhua lwm yam. Eosinophil kuj muaj ib tug sib npaug zoo thiab segmental los yog pas nrig-zoo li tus keeb. Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm muaj cov loj loj granules ntawm tib zoo thiab loj, kaj txiv kab ntxwv nqaij daim tawv, reminiscent ntawm caviar. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov nqaijrog, phospholipids thiab enzymes.

Eosinophil tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha ntawm eosinophilic myeloblast. Nws muaj nws yog los ntawm 8 mus rau 15 hnub, thiab ces mus rau hauv ntaub so ntswg uas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov sab nraud ib puag ncig.

Eosinophil kuj muaj peev xwm fagozitozu, tab sis lwm qhov (hnyuv, mob txeeb zig, lub pa ib ntsuj av tau qog ua kua week). Nws kuj muaj mus ua nrog rau qhov rov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes muaj ib tug sib npaug zoo thiab txawv ntau thiab tsawg, raws li zoo raws li ib tug loj round nucleus. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha ntawm lub lymphoblasts. Lymphocyte kis ib tug tshwj xeeb maturing txheej txheem, vim qhov no responder. Nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm cov kev muab tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm lub cev cov lus teb, tsim kev tiv thaiv.

Lymphocytes, uas thaum kawg matured nyob rau hauv lub thymus - ib tug T-lymphocytes nyob rau hauv tus po los yog cov qog ntshav hauv - ib tug B-lymphocytes. Tus thawj cell yog me me. Ntawm ntau hom ntawm lymphocytes muaj ib qho ratio ntawm 80%: 20% feem. Tag nrho cov hlwb nyob rau txog 90 hnub.

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm uas yog nqa tawm los ntawm active kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj. T lymphocytes koom phagocytosis thiab tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj uas yog hu ua tsis yog kev tsis kam (tiv thaiv tag nrho cov pathogenic cov kab mob, cov hlwb yog tib yam). Tab sis B hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj (cov kev molecules) nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov kab mob. Txhua kab mob hom lawv tsim tshwj xeeb tshuaj uas yuav ua kom puas tsuas yog tej teeb meem ceev dua. B hlwb muab ib lub kuj uas yog qhia mas tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tsis kab mob.

monocyte

Nyob rau hauv lub cell, monocyte tsis muaj graininess. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj loj cell voos zoo muaj ib tug loj cov tub ntxhais, uas yuav ua tau taum-zoo li tus, round, pas nrig, hniav thiab ib tug segmented daim ntawv.

Nws tshwm sim los ntawm monocyte monoblasta nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, nws lub neej expectancy yog 48 rau 96 teev. Tom qab hais tias, ib feem ntawm cov monocytes puas lawm, thiab lwm tus ib feem mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob qhov twg "zus", lub macrophages tshwm sim. Monocytes yog cov coob cov ntshav muaj round los yog dawb keeb ntaub ntawv cytoplasm xiav nrog lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm voids (vacuoles), uas muab rau nws ib tug zoo li foamy.

Macrophages nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm nyob rau ob peb lub hlis, qhov uas lawv tsis taug los yog neeg nyob lub hlwb (nyob rau tib qhov chaw).

Monocyte muaj peev xwm ntawm cov sib txawv ntxawg molecules thiab enzymes uas yog tau tsim ib qho kev inflammatory teb, los yog vice versa, mus nres nws. Lawv kuj pab tau kom cov kev kho neeg mob cov txheej txheem. Txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kho tshiab ntawm paj fibers. Macrophage nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Nws cheeb lub npaug ntawm cov kab mob.

erythrocytes

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntshav erythrocytes thiab leukocytes. Lawv cov qauv thiab kev khiav dej num yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Ib tug liab ntshav cell yog ib tug cell uas muaj tus duab ntawm biconcave disk. Nws tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov cytoplasm occupies ib tug protein, hu ua hemoglobin. Nws muaj hlau thiab protein ib feem atom, nws muaj ib tug complex qauv. Hemoglobin xa cov pa oxygen mus rau lub cev.

Ntshav liab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha hlwb ntawm erythroblasts. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntshav liab biconcave zoo, thiab lwm yam tej zaum yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav ua tau kheej kheej, oval, tom, bowls, etc. D. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus duab ntawm lub hlwb yuav tsum cuam tshuam vim muaj ntau yam kab mob. Txhua ntshav liab ntawm tes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm 90 mus rau 120 hnub, thiab ces tuag. Hemolysis - erythrocyte kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim uas tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv tus po thiab lub siab thiab cov hlab ntsha.

platelets

Tus qauv ntawm leukocytes thiab platelets yog kuj sib txawv. Platelets tsis muaj keeb, lub hlwb yog me me puag ncig los yog lub voj qe. Yog hais tias cov hlwb yog active, ces lawv tsim outgrowths, lawv zoo li ib lub hnub qub. Platelets tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha ntawm megakaryoblasts. "Ua hauj lwm" yog tag nrho cov ntawm 8 thiab 11 hnub, thiab ces tuag nyob rau hauv lub siab, tus po los yog lub ntsws.

Platelet muaj nuj nqi tseem ceeb heev. Lawv yog cov tau muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub vascular phab ntsa, los nws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Platelets tsim ib thrombus thiab yog li nres lub los ntshav.