Yuav ua li cas lub Soviet lub tsev muaj npe tom qab lub Soviet thawj coj Stalin, Khrushchev thiab uas raug xa mus rau raws li

Nyob rau hauv lub lexicon ntawm av, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau "dvushek", "treshek" los yog "odnushek", lo lus "deposit" thiab lwm yam kev cov ntsiab lus uas, muaj tej lub tswv yim, txhais tau tias peb tes num pab pawg neeg, hom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev era. Nws hais tias "kopeck daim-Xruschevka-feem-peb", thiab ua ntej lub ob lub qhov muag ib zaug muaj ib tug me me chav tsev nrog nkag nrog, ib tug tsib los yog rau-meter chav ua noj, nkag lounge thiab ib tug me me chav pw, nyob rau lub thib peb theem ntawm ib tug tsib-storey tsev.

Nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej kev saib xyuas ntawm I. V. Stalina

Ua ntej thaum pib ntawm lub loj tsiv teb tsaws-kev txom nyem cov pej xeem ntawm lub cellars, barracks thiab crowded zej zog yog lwm era, uas ntawd kub ntev li ntawm nruab nrab-forties rau lig fifties. Peb tsis tau hais tias yog hais tias tus Soviet ua tsev yog muaj npe tom qab lub Soviet thawj coj. Nws menacing nws yog xim hlau lub npe twb tso tsheb hlau luam, locomotives thiab lwm yam piv txwv ntawm haib technology, tab sis lub aircraft twb xaiv tus thawj tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub npe ntawm cov general aircraft. Koj yuav tsis txawm lees tus xav hais tias Stalin tau poob, thiab txawm qhov ntswg down ... Nws yog tej yam ntuj tso tau hais tias lub tsev ua los ntawm 1945 mus 1960, pib xa mus rau Stalin tom qab nws tuag, mention ntawm "vain" lub npe "txiv ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg" yuav ntsej muag ib co teeb meem thiab radical hloov rau yav tom ntej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv kev, kho txaj muag project tooj.

Soviet Tsev yog muaj npe tom qab Soviet thawj coj tsis tau tsuas yog vim hais tias nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv tsos thiab sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj tau manifested tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub era thiab aesthetic nyiam cov Iosifa Vissarionovicha, uas tsis tub nkeeg tag nrho cov kev kuaj npaj rau loj lawm (thiab ntau yam ntxiv) los soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv tus neeg, xws li tsheb, radios, movies thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub tsev tej yaam num.

Stalin faj tim teb chaws

Lub post-tsov rog lub neej nyob rau hauv lub USSR twb yus demonstrative nras neeg mus rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv thiab cov qib. Ua hauj lwm los ntawm ntau yam ministries coj qhws khaub ncaws nrog tej yam tshwm sim sib txawv thiab departmental logos, cia li zoo li nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia. Ib tug txawv ibyam cia siab txawv qhov chaw nyob, yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub xoob. Rau feem ntau, lub, uas muaj kev kawm ntawv, kev cai nuj nqis thiab cov mej zeej ntawm lub tsoom fwv tau ua tshwj xeeb vaj tse, high-rises, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub capitals ntawm lub Union republics. Muaj txhua yam: lossis loj chav ua noj, thiab siab ceilings, thiab cov chav dej (nrog rau cov ib txwm thaj tsam chaw), thiab Bay qhov rais (tsis yog txhua tus paub hais tias nws yog pab ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa, glazed rau peb sab). Qhov no yog lub yeeb koob thiab sab nraum ntsia impressive. Curls, sickles, hammers, hnub qub, sheaves ntawm nplej thiab lwm cov ideologically cim uas muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm coj taw tes qhia tawm hais tias xws li ib tug zoo nkauj thiab xis yuav tsuas yuav cov Soviet tsev. Npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub Soviet thawj coj yog tsis yog ib co neeg vaj tse thiab lug, thiab tag nrho zej zog thiab txoj kev. Tab sis cov khoom kim heev tsev nyob rau hauv tag nrho yuav tsis muaj txaus, yog li lub sij hawm "hom ntawm lub tsev - stalinka" tsis yog ib tug ua kom tiav characterization ntawm cov cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yuav tsum tau ntau piav.

Stalinkas, zoo thiab txawv

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias feem ntau Soviet cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tshua seeb communes thiab barracks, uas lees paub rau ib tug tso quav tej zaum ib tug ob tus lej ntawm cov chav, qhov yuav tsum tau rau zoo tsev nyob yog tseem, thiab txiav txim siab.

Tag nrho cov tsev nyob tej yaam num tsim nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog xyoo, Stalin muaj ob peb yam nyob rau hauv ntau. Lawv twb ua tau ntawm cib, nkag nrog cov cais chav dej thiab balconies, ib tug indispensable ib feem ntawm lawv cov sab hauv twb haum wardrobes. qab nthab qhov siab - tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li peb meters.

Qhov yooj yim stalinki (cua ntsawj ntshab 1-255) muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj cov plag tsev (theem 2-3) me me cheeb tsam thiab ib tug me me (6-9 sq. M) cuisine. Cov feem ntau muab kev koom tes hauv kev tsim kho ntawm German cov tub rog, uas nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog uas siv cov nkag muaj nyob rau ntaub, ua nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog ruins, ua tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim kho tej hauj lwm.

Rau cov neeg sab nrauv-Soviet nomenclature kom txog rau thaum 1961 ua tsev txhim kho tej yaam num series 1-414 thiab 1-433, nrog ib yim-meter chav ua noj, khab seeb txoj kev hauv tsev, loj thiab square chav. Plag tsev thiab chaw pib uas yuav tsum tau mus rau lub hauv paus, muaj ntau zog. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo plank plag tsev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm Stalin tsim, tiam sis feem ntau cov neeg tseem ceeb.

Khrushchev: Tseem xav tau ntau

Soviet hauj backwardness manifested nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Feem ntau cov-stalinok tsev twb ua twb nyob rau hauv lub Khrushchev xyoo. The pace ntawm lawv siv tshuav npaum li cas rau muab qhov kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li zoo.

Lub Soviet coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-fifties, pom tau hais kom txhob tus tau txais thaum lub sij hawm mus kom ze rau qhov teeb meem ntawm loj vaj tse nyob. Peb yuav tsum tau tshiab technology, thiab lawv tau coj txawv teb chaws. Prefabricated tsev nyob rau neeg ua hauj lwm, pheej yig thiab kuj yooj yim, pom N. S. Hruschevym nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Paris, ciali txoj kev tawm ntawm ib tug yooj yim teeb meem no. Architects urgently tsim tej yaam num uas tau pib mus tsim qauv tsev. Khrushchev - li ntawd, lawv tau lub npe hu yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab thawj zaug lub tsev tshiab, tsis tau investing nyob rau hauv tshiab lub sij hawm, tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug. Tom qab lub kaw ntawm qab lawj thiab barracks qhov, albeit me me, tab sis nws ciali niaj hnub palaces, kaj thiab cozy. Yog li nws tau ua tus xaiv yaam kev xaiv ntawm ib tug xis chaw nyob rau cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab coj tus, tab sis rau ntau, tab sis yog tseem tsis rau txhua leej txhua tus.

Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub loj loj nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj, uas lub Soviet tsoom fwv nyiaj ua lag luam nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, li ntawd kiag li ua tsis tau tejyam los daws kom tau lub vaj tse teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv lub seventies, tshiab tej yaam num ntawm qhov lub npe hu ua saib tsis taus: "tit", "Czech", "harkovka", "shestnadtsatietazhka". Nws yog to taub tias tag nrho cov Soviet lub tsev muaj npe tom qab Soviet thawj coj L. I. Brezhneva, tab sis lub hom ntau npaum li cas rau lub notion ntawm "Breznev" muaj ib tug kev lub ntsiab lus. Tej zaum lub sij hawm yog tseem siv Realtors yuav ntes pos huab.