Self-Propelled anti-aircraft riam phom "Shilka". ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"

Nyob rau hauv thawj ob lub xyoo tom qab nws cov kev taw qhia aviation tau los ua ib tug formidable sib ntaus sib tua quab yuam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tam sim ntawd pib tshwm txhais tau tias dab nws puas onslaught. Txawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dav hlau thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv rog tawm tsam tog puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm Spain, Abyssinia, thiab ntau lwm yam kev tsis sib haum, lub yav tas los nrog rau kev siv ntawm aircraft, tej tawg hem, feem ntau nti txoj hauj lwm los yog kev thaj yeeb lub zos tsis muaj encountering kuj. Txawm li cas los, lub loj heev txheem ntawm aviation pib nyob rau hauv 1939, thaum muaj ib tug ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Artillery huab cua tiv thaiv riam phom los ua ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hom. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm lub hauv av pab tub rog twb tus yeeb ncuab nres aircraft kev khiav hauj lwm thaum uas tsis muaj altitudes, ua tseeb bombing. Qhov no qhov teeb meem twb tsis fundamentally hloov ntau tshaj yav dhau xya xyoo lawm.

Lub keeb kwm tom qab ntawm lub "Shilka" tswvyim

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub lig twenties ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, ntau caj npab manufacturers, xav txog lub loj hlob coob, ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug high-tshaj tawm artillery systems, npaj mas rau combating cua lub hom phaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj cov piv txwv ntawm me me-caliber phom rau tripods Turret nruab nrog ib tug yeej yam mechanisms. Piv txwv li cov German anti-aircraft tshuab phom FlaK (luv luv rau Flugzeugabwehrkanone), txais yuav los ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv 1934. Lawv pib thaum lub sij hawm tsib xyoo ua tsov ua rog tau pheej kho thiab ua loj loj tus xov tooj. Nto moo tshaj plaws nyob "Oerlikon", tsim nyob rau hauv Switzerland (1927) thiab ua ntawv thov los ntawm tag nrho cov warring ob tog mus rau lub ob ntiaj teb rog. System tsom siab miv nyuas siv zug nyob rau hauv qhov txhab ntawm aircraft nres aircraft yog yuam kom khiav lag luam ntawm tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj. Cov sai-caliber phom feem ntau 20 mm uas ua qhov ntev ntawm lub cartridge (lub ntim nyob rau thawj zaug tshaj tawm heev nyob rau hauv lub tes tsho, thiab chaw pib ntau ntau yam). Ua rau tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv thov tau tiav multicore systems. Yog li sawv lub zuag qhia tag nrho tswv yim uas ntxiv tsim ib tug Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft riam phom "Shilka".

Yog vim li cas self-propelled anti-aircraft phom sai-firing

Nyob rau hauv lub 50s muaj ib tug Rocketry, xws li anti-aircraft. Strategic bombers thiab reconnaissance aircraft, yav tas los muaj heev kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lwm tus ntuj, mam li nco dheev poob lawv inaccessibility. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aviation thiab mus rau txoj kev ua rau kom lub qab nthab tus nqi, tiam sis feem ntau tshwm sim tshaj lub storming yeeb ncuab txaus los ua tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los, lawv muaj ib tug txhim khu kev qha txoj kev uas yuav tsis txhob muaj cov tshuab ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv missiles, thiab nws yog mus rau txoj kev ua tus lub hom phiaj ntawm ib feem tsawg tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj. Thaum kawg ntawm lub 60 anti-aircraft artillery ntawm lub Soviet Union yog tsis npaj rau kev cuam tshuam tus blows hauv yeeb ncuab dav hlau ya rau tiaj trajectory thaum muaj kev kub ceev. Cov lus teb lub sij hawm yog tsis tshua muaj neeg me me, txawm tias ib tug neeg uas muaj tus ceev tshaj "boxing" reflexes yuav tsis tau lub cev muaj sij hawm qhib tua hluav taws, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd, yuav ntaus lub hom phiaj, flashed nyob rau hauv lub ntuj nyob rau hauv vib nas this. Yuav tsum tau automation thiab txhim khu kev qha kom paub tias systems. Nyob rau hauv 1957 ib tug pub leejtwg paub cai ntawm Council of Ministers ntawm pib ntawm ua hauj lwm tau pib mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug sai-hluav taws phom mount. Peb tuaj nrog lub npe ntawm: self-propelled anti-aircraft riam phom "Shilka". Nws yog ib qho yooj yim: tsim thiab tsim nws.

Yuav ua li cas ZSU yuav?

tshiab technology uas yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom, cov uas muaj ntau yam txawv rau peb gunsmiths. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

- flak "Shilka" yuav tsum muaj ib tug ua-nyob rau hauv radar mus ntes hostile aircraft.

- Calibre - 23 hli. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, me me, tab sis qhov kev xyaum ntawm yav tas los sib ntaus sib tua pom tias lub siab npaum li cas ntawm kev sib tawg fragmentation xwb tej zaum yuav zoo ua kev puas tsuaj, txaus mus neutralize nqe ntaus rog muaj peev xwm ua ntawm lub attacker lub tshuab.

- Raws li ib feem ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau ib qho automatic ntaus ntawv, cov algorithm generates ib lub hom phiaj mus txog qhovtwg thaum lub sij hawm tua, ua rau ntau yam tej yam kev mob, nrog rau ib tug mob stroke. Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub caij puag rau hauv nruab nrab XX xyoo pua, tsis muaj hauj lwm yooj yim.

- Installation "Shilka" yuav tsum self-propelled, muaj peev xwm yuav tawm mus tshaj ntxhib struts zoo tshaj tej tank.

phom

Lub artillery ntawm lub Soviet Union txij li thaum Stalin lub sij hawm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, yog li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub "yeej", cov lus nug muaj arisen. Nws tseem tsuas mus xaiv tus pom variant ntawm lub them mechanism (qhov zoo tshaj plaws twb paub li daim kab xev). Tsis Siv Neeg phom 23-hli caliber "Amur" ARQ-23 nrog ib tug impressive "kev ua tau zoo" nyob rau hauv 3400 RDS. / Min. Kuv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug yuam kua txias (dej ntsuab thiab dej), tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nws. Tej lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv ib voos kheej-kheej ntawm 200 m rau 2.5 km muaj me ntsis sij hawm ntawm tseem muaj sia nyob, ntaus ib tug lub xub ntiag kev sib tshuam. Yeej tau haum stabilization system, tswj ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm los ntawm txoj kev hydraulic drives. Muaj plaub phom.

Qhov twg muab tso rau lub radar kav hlau txais xov?

Huab-23 "Shilka" structurally tsim los ntawm lub classical tswvyim rau tshwj kom txhob compartment, aft propulsion, thiab ib tug movable rear kis tau tus mob pej thuam. Ib txhia teeb meem tau arisen nrog qhov kev tso kawm ntawm tus radar kav hlau txais xov. Nruab nrab ntawm lub yeej tso nws yog irrational, hlau qhov chaw yuav ua ib tug kev tshuaj ntsuam rau cov tawm txim liab thiab tau txais Pib ntsais koj teeb. Lateral txoj hauj lwm raug teeb meem los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov "saucer" los ntawm lub deeg uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tua. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm muaj zog hluav taws xob kev ua rog (seeb cuam) tau muab nrog ib qho kev xaiv ntawm phau ntawv tswj los ntawm cov aiming pom gunner thiab radiator tsim yuav thaiv tus saib. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub kav hlau txais xov yog collapsible thiab muab tso rau nws tshaj lub hwj chim compartment ntawm lub siab tawv.

Cav thiab chassis

Chassis borrowed los ntawm ib lub teeb tank PT-76. Nws muaj xws li rau txoj kev tshwm rau txhua sab. Dampers Torsion, kab lia nrog roj hmab bushings, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntxov ntxov coj.

Cav yuam (V6R) muaj peev xwm ntawm 280 liters. ib tug., nrog rau cov ncaws cua txias system. Tsib-speed kis tau tus mob, muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm 30 km / h (nyob rau hauv nyuaj struts) rau 50 km / h (txoj kev loj). Cruising ntau tsis muaj refuelling - mus txog rau 450 km / h thaum kiag li lawm ua tus sau tso tsheb hlau luam.

Installation ntawm lub cim xeeb 23 yog muab nrog paub huab cua filtration system muaj labyrinthine system ntawm partitions thiab ib qho ntxiv kom raws pa hauv paus pa phem.

Tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub tshuab - 21 tonnes, xws li yees - ntau tshaj 8 tons.

pab kiag li lawm

Hauv cov khoom, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog nws tus kheej-propelled anti-aircraft riam phom "Shilka", merged mus rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb hluav taws tswj system RPK-2 m. Tus qauv radiopribornogo system muaj xws li radar (1RL33M2, tuaj txoos ua ke nyob rau hauv lub raj caij puag), on-board computer (thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub creation ntawm nws hu ua ib tug qauv xam pab kiag li lawm), system ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cuam tshuam, tus thaub qab kho qhov muag viewfinder.

Lub system muab lub peev xwm mus ntes lub hom phaj (ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 20 km), nws tsis siv neeg mus txog qhovtwg (mus txog 15 km), qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov cab kuj zaus ntawm lub pulses nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm jamming (wobble), muab xam rau ntawm hluav taws tsis mus cuag siab hit probability zoo li. Lub system yuav khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv tsib hom, xws li memorizing qhov coordinates ntawm tus kwv los mus txiav txim nws lub nplhaib-raws thiab tua ntawm av lub hom phaj.

Sab nraud sib txuas lus yog ua los ntawm xov tooj cua P-123M, inner - intercom TPU-4.

Advanced muaj hnub nyoog thiab kev

Self-Propelled anti-aircraft riam phom "Shilka" txais ib qho twb Bole ib nrab xyoo dhau los. Txawm tias xws li ib tug venerable hnub nyoog rau anti-aircraft riam phom, plaub lub kaum os xeev tseem muaj nws nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm nws cov tub rog. Lub Israeli pab tub rog, nyob rau hauv 1973 muaj kev ntsoog loj heev los ntawm lawv cov aircraft plaub yeej no charger, nws tseem siv lub rau caum lub nrws yuav los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, ntxiv rau ib tug ntxiv muas tom qab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub republics hu ua los lub Soviet Union, Soviet anti-aircraft phom yog npaj los siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua tsov ua rog, muaj coob tus lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, Asia thiab cov Arab lub ntiaj teb no. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj qhov kev paub ntawm kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv systems, muaj sij hawm los ua ib co sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Middle East, thiab Vietnam (thiab tsis muaj zog tw). Muaj ib co nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm lub qub teb chaws ntawm lub Warsaw Pact, thiab nyob rau hauv loj kom muaj nuj nqis. Thiab hais tias yog raug: zu-23 nyob txhua qhov chaw, thiab tsis muaj ib tug hu antiques los yog lwm yam npe menyuam yaus uas characterizes obsolete riam phom.

Modernization thiab zeem muag

Yog, tsis yog tus JNA zoo qub "Shilka". Anti-aircraft phom mus los ntawm ob peb hloov khoom dua tshiab, aims los txhim kho kev kawm thiab ua rau kom muaj kev cia siab. Nws tau kawm kom paub qhov txawv lawv cov dav hlau los ntawm neeg, kuv pib tsiv sai, electronics tau tshiab blocks rau niaj hnub caij puag. Qhov kawg "txawj tej yam ntxiv" yog nyob rau hauv lub nineties, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaj, Modernization tej zaum ntawm no system yog sab sab. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub "Shilka" tuaj "Tunguska" thiab lwm yam shading pab kiag li lawm, uas muaj ntau npaum li cas loj possibilities. Niaj hnub nimno kev sib ntaus los nyoob hoom qav taub yuav ntaus lub zu-23 yog tsis muaj deb rau nws. Yuav ua li cas yog yuav tau ua, kev kawm ...