Representativeness ntawm tus qauv

Vyborka- no set ntawm cov ntaub ntawv noj nrog tus uas tsim nyog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pejxeem cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. Representativeness - cov cuab yeej no playback nthuav qhia ntawm cov tag nrho ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nyob rau lwm lub, nws yog ib lub tseem kis ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tag nrho, hais tias qhov no yog ib feem muaj xws li.

Representativeness ntawm tus qauv - ib qho kev ntsuas, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov qauv yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam cov totality ntawm cov tsos mob kiag li thiab nti, uas nws yog ib feem. Nws kuj yuav txhais tau hais tias ib tug ntawm cov qauv feem ntau tag nrho sawv cev tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov pejxeem, tseem ceeb los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hom phiaj.

Xav hais tias cov pejxeem - tag nrho cov tub kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv (900 cov neeg los ntawm 30 cov chav kawm ntawv, 30 me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv txhua chav kawm ntawv). Lub homphiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no - tus piv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev haus luam yeeb. Tus qauv set muaj 90 menyuam kawm ntawv tsuas high school, tsawg npaum li cas tam sim no ib tug totality tshaj tus qauv ntawm 90 tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm tib yam, uas yuav muaj xws li los ntawm txhua hoob kawm 3 kawm ntawv. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas - qhov tsis zoo tib muab faib rau cov muaj hnub nyoog. Yog li, nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv representativeness ntawm tus qauv yuav tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv - siab.

Nyob rau hauv Sociology, hais tias muaj yog representativeness ntawm tus qauv thiab nws cov representativeness.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, ib tug yooj yim qauv yuav ua nyob rau hauv ib tug classic cov ntaub ntawv, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1936 nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thaum lub sij hawm thawj tswj kev xaiv tsa.

Magazine "Literari zom", uas rau qhov no heev ntse kwv yees tau ntawm yav tas los kev xaiv tsa, lub sij hawm no ua ib tug yuam kev nyob rau hauv lawv cov as kaj, txawm hais tias xa sau cov lus nug ob peb lab subscribers, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov phau ntawv xov tooj thiab los ntawm lub tsheb sau npe npe. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub daim ntawv xaiv tsa, uas rov qab rov qab sau, pov ntawv xaiv tsa yog raws li nram no: 57% yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov Republican neeg sib tw Alf Landon hu ua, thiab 41% qhia ib tug nyiam rau lub incumbent tus thawj tswj hwm - Democrat Franklin Roosevelt.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov kev xaiv tsa yeej los ntawm Roosevelt, uas tau qhab nia yuav luag 60% ntawm lub pov npav. Yuam kev "Literari zom" yog tom ntej no. Lawv xav kom cov representativeness ntawm tus qauv. Thiab txij li thaum lawv paub hais tias feem ntau ntawm lawv cov subscribers qhia lawv tus kheej raws li Republicans, lawv txiav txim siab los nthuav cov qauv vim lub teb, lawv xaiv ntawm lub xov tooj phau ntawv thiab lub tsheb sau npe npe. Tab sis lawv tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account uas twb muaj lawm neej thiab ua tau coj deb txawm ntau los ntawm UFW ntawm cov Republicans, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub kev nyuaj siab loj muaj tsheb thiab cov xov tooj yuav them taus mus rau theem nrab thiab lub chav kawm ntawv. Thiab cov no kuj feem ntau Republicans, tsis Democrats.

Muaj ntau hom kev piv txwv: yooj yim random, serial, raug, neeg kho tshuab thiab ua ke.

Tej yam yooj yim random sampling yog xaiv los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej units nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm random tsis muaj system.

Neeg kho tshuab sampling yog siv thaum cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv ib tug kom, piv txwv li, muaj ib tug tej yam ib theem zuj zus ntawm chav nyob (lub npe xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg xaiv nom npe, cov xov tooj ntawm cov neeg xov tooj ntawm qhov thiab lub tsev, etc.).

Ib tug raug xaiv yog siv thaum tus tag nrho cov teeb yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg los ntawm hom. Thaum uas siv cov xws li ib tug pejxeem tej zaum yuav, piv txwv li, kev kawm ntawv, hnub nyoog, kev pab pawg, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm qhauj - ib tug ceg los yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub koom haum thiab lwm tus neeg.

Serial xaiv yog pab tau thaum cov chav nyob ua ke nyob rau hauv me me koob los yog pab pawg neeg. Qhov no series yuav ua tau batch ntawm tas cov khoom, tsev kawm ntawv cov chav kawm ntawv, ua hauj lwm rau pab pawg thiab lwm yam pab pawg.

Ua ke qauv yuav siv tag nrho yav dhau los hom kev kuaj nyob rau hauv ntau ob peb ua ke.