Qhov twg yog Troy? Lub nroog ntawm Troy - keeb kwm. Troy rau ib tug niaj hnub daim ntawv qhia

Ib tug ntau ntawm centuries, lub zos no thiab nws cov keeb kwm dab archaeologists thiab mere adventurers. Ib nrab xyoo dhau los, Heinrich Schliemann muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau ib qho chaw qhov twg yog Troy, thiab nyob rau hauv 1988 lub paj ntawm zaum no legendary nroog sawv rov qab. Rau hnub tim, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab pom ob peb kev cai khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.

lus qhia dav dav

Qhov no hais sib haum Luwian civilization, kuj paub tias hauv lub npe ntawm Ilion, yog ib tug ancient lub zos uas yog nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob ntawm cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog, nyob ze ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv Aegean. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw uas Troy yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no daim ntawv qhia. Lub nroog ua nto moo rau epics ntawm ancient Greek txawj sau ntawv Homer thiab ntau myths xwb thiab legends, thiab twb pom los archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann.

Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas vim li cas lub ancient nroog yuav nce xws chaw yog lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog thiab tag nrho nws cov nrog cov txheej xwm. Raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub "Iliad", nws yog ib tug kaum-xyoo tsov ua rog, uas coj mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub zos.

Tus thawj trench

Muaj yog ib tug hypothesis hais tias cov Troy cheeb tsam yog loj npaum li cas tshaj yav tas los xav. Nyob rau hauv 1992, excavations tau nqa tawm, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub foundations ntawm cov moat encircling lub nroog. Qhov no ditch sau deb txaus los ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa, lwm tus ib cheeb tsam ntawm 200 txog thous. M ^2, txawm hais tias lub nroog nws tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm txog 20 ths. M ^2. German tus paub txog Manfred Korfman ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog lub Lower lub zos, thiab mus txog rau 1700 BC. e. muaj tseem nyob cov neeg.

Qhov thib ob trench

Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1994, thaum lub sij hawm lub excavation ntawm lub thib ob artificially tsim ditch nws twb tshwm sim, uas tau khiav nyob rau hauv tsib puas meters los ntawm lub fort. Ob lub ditch ib tug fortified system tsim los tiv thaiv lub fortress, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsis yuav kov yeej nyob rau hauv lub tsheb nees ua rog. Archaeologists ntseeg tau hais tias ntawm no twb hliav tswg los yog ntoo phab ntsa. Tej Symptoms yog piav nyob rau hauv lub immortal "Iliad", tab sis yog tsis yog nws muaj peev xwm tam sim no yuav cia siab rau raws li ib tug keeb kwm treatise.

Luvians los yog Cretan-Mycenaeans?

Archaeologist Korfman ntseeg hais tias Troy yog qhov ncaj txais cuab tam ntawm Anatolian Civilizations, thiab tsis, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, Mycenaean. Cov niaj hnub ncig ntawm Troy muaj ntau tshawb pom txhawb nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1995 nws tau ua ib tug tshwj xeeb foundations yog pom luam nrog lub cim rau lub Luwian lus uas yog yav tas los ntau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, nws tsis tau ua tshiab discoveries uas yuav kom meej meej qhia hais tias peb cov hais lus nyob rau hauv yam lus.

Txawm li cas los Korfman yog kiag li tej yam uas cov ancient trojans twb ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Indo-European haiv neeg twb Luvians keeb kwm. Qhov no cov neeg uas kwv yees li II Millennium BC. e. Nws migrated rau Anatolia. Muaj ntau yam khoom uas muaj nyob thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv Troy yog yuav mus rau qhov no particular civilization, tsis Greek. Muaj ntau ntau yam tseem ceeb, lees tias tau no assumption. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob qhov twg nws yog Troy, reminiscent ntawm Mycenaean phab ntsa, thiab cov tsos ntawm cov tsev yog heev raug rau Anatolian architecture.

kev ntseeg

Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug txheej ntawm excavations ntawm no twb pom Hithai-Lubian cult khoom. Nyob ze ntawm lub sab qab teb rooj vag plaub steles, uas piv tus vaj tswv ntawm Hithai kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub toj ntxas, uas yog nyob ze ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa, muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev hlawv cev. Muab hais tias txoj kev no ntawm burial yog tsis raug rau Western haiv neeg, tab sis cov Hithai nws resorted mus rau nws, yog lwm ntxiv nyob rau hauv dej Korfman kev tshawb xav. Txawm li cas los, niaj hnub no nws yog heev yooj yim los mus txiav txim yuav ua li cas nws yog ua tau.

Troy rau lub ntiaj teb no daim ntawv qhia

Vim hais tias Troy twb ntes tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - nruab nrab ntawm lub Greeks thiab Hithai - nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog los ua ib tug neeg sab nrauv rau lub killings. Tu ncua ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsov kev rog, kev sib hais haum thiab rov tag nrho cov tsiaj tshiab. Nws yog pov thawj ncav, raws li nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas Troy yog, uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Qaib ntxhw, ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov hluav taws kub tau pom. Tab sis nyob ib ncig ntawm 1180 BC. e. no yog ib qho kev sib tsoo, uas cim pib ntawm ib tug complex lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tsis tsuas yog Troy, tab sis kuj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Lub Trojan tsov rog

Yog hais tias tej artifacts pom thaum lub sij hawm lub excavation, thiab koj yuav hais ib yam dab tsi txog, cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv arena, thiab qhov tseeb tom qab lawv, tseem yog ib tug loj cov lus nug. Qhov uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug ntau ntawm theories, feem ntau tsis thwj, ib co ntseeg lub ntsej muag tus nqi uas tau muab nce mus rau ntau myths xwb thiab legends. Tib yam siv rau lub zoo epic ntawm ancient Greek singer Homer, uas tej zaum vim hais tias tsis muaj pov thawj npaj mus xav txog cov pov thawj ntawm tus pov thawj, tab sis tsov rog coj qhov chaw ntev ua ntej cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov paj huam, thiab txog thaum kawg nws paub tias nws tsuas yog los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lwm tus neeg.

Helen thiab Paris

Raws li Legend, piav nyob rau hauv lub "Iliad", qhov ua rau ntawm lub tsov ua rog yog ib tug poj niam, tus poj niam ntawm King Menelaus - Elena. Troy, uas nws keeb kwm nws paub ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem, tsis muaj ib zaug twb rov los ntawm tus Greeks, thiab ua ntej tsov rog, raws li cov trojans tswj kom tswj cov lag luam tawm kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub Dardanelles. Raws li mythology, tsov rog pib vim hais tias ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug ntawm cov tub cov Trojan huab tais Priam - Paris - nyiag tus poj niam ntawm tus pas ntsuas ntawm cov neeg Greek, thiab cov Greeks, nyob rau hauv lem, txiav txim siab rov qab mus nws.

Feem ntau cov yuav, qhov no tshwm sim tau coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, tab sis nws tsis yog tsuas yog tus ua ntawm tsov rog. Qhov no qhov teeb meem yog lub qhov kawg nkaus, tom qab uas, thiab kev tsov rog pib.

Trojan nees

Lwm cov lus dab txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm Troy, qhia zaj dab neeg txog yuav ua li cas lub Greeks tswj los yeej muaj cov sib ntaus sib tua. Yog hais tias koj ntseeg hais tias cov zajlus qhov chaw, nws tau ua tau ua tsaug rau lub thiaj li hu ua Trojan nees, tab sis nyob rau hauv no version, muaj ntau ntau yam contradictions. Nyob rau hauv nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam "Lub Iliad", nkaus nplooj siab rau Troy, Homer ua rau tsis muaj mention ntawm no rov ntawm tsov rog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub "Odyssey" piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej nws. Los ntawm no peb yuav xaus uas, feem ntau yuav, nws yog ib tug ntawv tseeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tsis muaj pov thawj archaeological ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas Troy nyob.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug suggestion hais tias ib tug Trojan nees Homer muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab ib battering ram, los sis kom nws pom lub cim ntawm ships uas tuaj mus rau lub tua neeg pov tseg ntawm lub nroog.

Yog vim li cas Troy twb puas lawm

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog, sau los ntawm Homer, hais tias txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nroog no hu ua ib tug Trojan nees - lub tsis tseem ceeb txiaj ntsim ntawm tus Greeks. Raws li Legend, lub Greeks thov hais tias yog hais tias tus nees yuav nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv lub nroog, ces nws yuav tsum tau los mus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov raids.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob twb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau qhov no, txawm lub fact tias cov pov thawj Laocoön cuam ib rab hmuv rau nees, thiab ces nws los ua tseeb hais tias nws yog hollow. Tab sis, Thaj, qhov logic ntawm lub trojans raug kev txom nyem, thiab lawv txiav txim siab los ua ib tug tam sim no mus rau lub nroog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, rau cov uas nws them dearly. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog ib tug xam Homer, nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias qhov no yog ua tau tshwm sim.

multilayer Troy

Nyob rau ib tug niaj hnub daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub nroog lub xeev tsis pub dhau ib ncig ntawm lub toj Hissarlik nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Thaum lub sij hawm heev heev excavations ob peb koom tau sab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, uas nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Archaeologists tau pom cuaj txawv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, uas yuav mus rau txawv xyoo, tab sis lub sum tag nrho ntawm cov sij hawm no yog hu ua Troy.

Los ntawm cov thawj hais sib haum nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg twb tsuas yog ob tug yees. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub thib ob txheej yog cia li ua Genrih Shliman, ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm Troy, nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob hu los ntawm huab tais Priam. Txiav txim siab txoj kev loj hlob, raws li cov uas nrhiav tau mus txog cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub thib rau kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub excavations nws pom hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj tau nqa tawm ib tug active luam nrog lub Greeks. Lub nroog nws tus kheej twb muab los ntawm av qeeg txhua.

Niaj hnub nimno archaeologists ntseeg tau hais tias lub xya txheej ntawm lub pom - qhov no yog qhov Homeric Ilium. Historians hais tias lub nroog raug tua los ntawm ib tug tua hluav taws pib los ntawm Greek rog. Yim txheej - qhov kev sib hais haum ntawm Greek colonists uas nyob ntawm no twb yog tom qab Troy twb puas lawm. Lawv, nyob rau hauv assertions ntawm archaeologists, ua no ib lub tuam tsev ntawm Athena. Qhov kawg ntawm lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, lub cuaj belongs rau lub era ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Niaj hnub nimno Troy yog ib tug loj ib ncig, uas excavations yog nqa tawm mus rau hnub no. Lawv lub hom phiaj - mus nrhiav tej pov thawj ntawm cov keeb kwm, piav nyob rau hauv cov poj Homeric epic. Muaj ntau legends thiab myths xwb rau ob peb centuries txhawb zaum, archaeologists thiab adventurers adventurous ua rau koj tus kheej - albeit me me - pab mus rau lub foundations ntawm cov neeg tsis paub txog lub nroog loj no, uas ib zaug yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab khw leeg ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no.

Ntawm qhov chaw twg Troy tau ua ntau discoveries, uas twb tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub science. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg riddles muab excavations nqa tawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev archaeologists. Thaum lub hnub tam sim no, peb thiaj tsuas tos kom txog thaum tus tshiab, muaj zog pov thawj ntawm cov txheej xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob piav nyob rau hauv lub "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad". Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, peb yuav muaj tsuas xav txog qhov tseeb tej xwm txheej uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zoo ancient nroog ntawm Troy.