Qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv tib neeg?

Peb lub cev - ib tug zoo tshaj plaws. Nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm qhov uas ua rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog yam rau lub neej, mus rau tiv nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, thaum kawg peb muab peb lub qub neej.

Qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv tib neeg?

Tib neeg cov ntshav muaj tsim hais thiab ntshav. Leukocytes yog ib tug ntawm cov tsim ntsiab ua ke nrog erythrocytes thiab platelets. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj kob, muaj ib tug tub ntxhais thiab yuav tsiv mus nyob ntawm nws tus kheej. Saib nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob ua tau tsuas yog tom qab ua ntej coloring. Ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub cev, qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, lawv tau mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ntaub so ntswg. Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj tawm mus dawb do los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau hauv nyob ze ntaub so ntswg.

Leucocytes txav raws li nram no. Thaum tsau rau cov hlab phab ntsa, ib tug dawb cov ntshav cell daim ntawv pseudopodia (pseudopodia), uas pushes los ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab catches nws rau cov ntaub nraum zoov. Ces squeezes ntawm lub keej thiab nquag txav mus rau lwm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev, txoj hau kev "sedentary" txoj kev ua neej. Lawv lub zog tsa lub zog ntawm amoeba (me me ib leeg-celled kab mob los ntawm qhov nyuaj theem).

Lub ntsiab functions ntawm leukocytes

Dua li ntawm qhov zoo sib xws nrog leukocyte amoebas, lawv ua txoj kev khiav dej num. Lawv lub ntsiab hauj lwm yog los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, kev puas tsuaj ntawm phem hlwb. Leukocytes chasing cov kab mob, envelop thiab kom lawv puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog hu ua phagocytosis, uas txhais los ntawm Latin txhais tau tias "devouring dab tsi hlwb." Ua kom puas rau tus kab mob no yooj yim dua. Thaum tus kab mob cov kab mob colonize nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ncav cuag, koj yuav tsum ua kom puas cov qe ntshav dawb hlwb nrog cov kab mob. Phem ntshav dawb raug rhuav tshem.

Qhov twg cov ntshav dawb yog tsim thiab li cas muaj ntau yam nyob?

Nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo nws zog, ntau cov ntshav dawb tuag, li ntawd, lub cev ua lawv lossi. Dawb ntshav tsim nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrog cev teej tug mus rau tus tib neeg lub cev: nyob rau hauv lub thymus (thymus), hlwb pob txha, cov qog ntshav hauv, tonsils, tus po thiab cov hnyuv lymphoid formations (nyob rau hauv lub Peyer lub thaj ua rau thaj). Cov kabmob uas yuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Lub hlwb pob txha kuj yog ib tug qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, qe ua ntshav khov, cov ntshav liab. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov ntshav dawb nyob rau txog 12 hnub. Txawm li cas los, ib co ntawm lawv tuag sai sai heev ua li cas thaum lawv sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib tug ntau ntawm kev txhoj puab heev cov kab mob. Tuag ntshav dawb yuav pom, yog hais tias muaj yog kua paug, uas yog ib tug sawv ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw kav mus ntawm lub cev teej tug mus rau lub cev, qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, muaj hlwb tshiab thiab mus txuas ntxiv kom cov kab mob.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntawm cov T-lymphocytes muaj immunologic nco hlwb uas nyob rau decades. Kuv tau ntsib ib tug lymphocyte, piv txwv li, nrog xws li ib tug dab, ib yam li cov kab mob Ebola - nws yuav nco ntsoov nws rau lub neej. Thaum lub thib ob lub rooj sib tham nrog tus kab mob no hlwb yog hloov mus rau hauv loj lymphoblasts, uas muaj lub peev xwm mus muab sai heev. Ces lawv ua killer hlwb (killer hlwb), uas thaiv kev nkag mus rau txaus ntshai kab phooj ywg tus kab mob no. Qhov no yog indicative ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob.

Raws li cov ntshav dawb paub txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kab mob no rau hauv lub cev?

Lub hlwb ntawm txhua tus neeg muaj interferon system, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub innate tiv thaiv. Nrog rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv lub cev induces zus tau tej cov interferon - ib tug protein tshuaj uas tiv thaiv tsis tau tus kab mob hlwb los ntawm allergic ntawm cov kab mob. Ib txhij, interferon-tshuab txais killer lymphocytes, uas yog ib hom ntawm leukocytes. Los ntawm pob txha, uas qe ntshav dawb tsim, lawv yuav muab xa mus rau lub mob hlwb thiab kom lawv puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los, ib co kab mob thiab lawv cov tawg tsam poob tawm ntawm lub puam tsuaj hlwb. Precipitated kab mob sim mus txeem txawm tsis mob hlwb, tab sis interferon tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm lawv cov kev taw qhia. Kab mob sab nraum lub cell, yog tsis zaum thiab tuag sai sai.

Sib ntaus sib tua kab mob nrog interferon system

Nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm cov kab mob tau kawm mus suppress lub interferon system, uas yog heev txaus ntshai rau lawv. Ib tug muaj zog inhibitory ntxim rau cov kab mob khaub thuas tus kab mob muaj nws. Txawm ntau depressing no system cov human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lawm fever no Ebola, uas zoo blocks lub interferon system, tawm hauv lub cev lam tau lam ua rau zoo ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Los ntawm tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv thiab lwm yam kabmob uas muaj feem rau lub cev, qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb, tawm hauv tej hlwb tshiab. Tab sis, tsis tau ib lub teeb liab nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm tus kab mob no, lawv yog tsaug zog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus tib neeg kab ciaj sia pib decompose, txoj kev ua ib tug plurality ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom lawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov neeg lub qhov. Tuag feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lim tiam thib ob ntawm kev mob nkeeg.

Thiab thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv?

Yog hais tias tus neeg mob tus neeg, los yog lwm yam mob thiab zoo tu qab tso, ces nws tsim ruaj khov mas yuav kis tau kev tiv thaiv uas yog muab los ntawm leukocytes teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm T-lymphocytes thiab B-lymphocytes. Cov ntshav dawb ua rau lub hlwb pob txha los ntawm precursor hlwb. Nrhiav kev tiv thaiv kev tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov lymphocytes yeej paub zoo txog ntawm tus kab mob no, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub cev, yog li lawv murderous txiav txim no yog teem. Tus kab mob no yog zoo tsis yooj yim sua los mus kov yeej no haib barrier.

Yuav ua li cas lymphocytes-killers tua hlwb ua txaus ntshai?

Ua ntej koj yuav tua yus hlwb, nws yog tsim nyog los nrhiav tau nws. Lymphocytes-killers relentlessly searching rau cov hlwb. Lawv coj los ntawm lub thiaj-hu ua histocompatibility antigens (antigens cov ntaub so ntswg compatibility) situated nyob rau hauv lub cell week. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias yog tus cell yog ib tug kab mob no, ces tus cell mus cawm tus kab mob dooms nws tus kheej rau txoj kev tuag, raws li yog hais ntuav ib tug "dub chij", taw cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov no "dub chij" yog hais txog yuav ua kom paub tus kab mob no, uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm molecules nyob ze rau qhov loj histocompatibility antigens. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm "pom" lymphocyte-killer. Qhov no muaj peev xwm nws gains tom qab kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub thymus. Control tshaj qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev kawm yog ib qhov nyuaj heev. Yog hais tias lymphocyte tsis kawm kom paub qhov txawv kev noj qab nyob hlwb los ntawm tus neeg mob, nws yuav inevitably yuav raug puas tsuaj. Nrog rau qhov no yooj yim mus kom ze cawm tsuas hais txog 2% ntawm killer lymphocytes, uas ces mam li tawm hauv thymus los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm txaus ntshai hlwb. Thaum lymphocyte meej txiav txim tias tus cell muaj tus kab mob, nws yuav ua rau nws ib tug "tuag txhaj", thiab lub cell tuag.

Yog li, leukocytes ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv pathogenic cov kab mob thiab phem hlwb. Qhov no me me tireless warriors ntsiab defenses - interferon thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv massively tuag nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib ntaus, tab sis los ntawm tus po, cov qog ntshav hauv, pob txha, tonsils, thiab lwm yam kabmob ntawm lub cev, qhov twg cov duab ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv tib neeg yuav hloov tau lawv tawm ntau heev ntawm lub tshiab tsim hlwb yog npaj txhij, zoo li lawv cov predecessors, los txi lawv lub neej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev cawm seej ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Leukocytes kom peb ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud ib puag ncig, uas muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob.