Psycho-pedagogical kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab

Nws muaj tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ntau dua zog ntawm poob siab system ntawm ib tug me nyuam. Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog cov laus, ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav. Nws tso cai rau cov kev cai thiab kev npaj ntawm tus cwj pwm, lub hlwb lub neej ntawm lub koom haum ntawm tus me nyuam. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsim ntawm tag nrho cov neeg.

Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws tsim nyog nyob rau hauv qhov ntxov tshaj plaws theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob kom paub tias hais lus tsis-tsis-. , предложенная ведущими специалистами, позволяет обнаружить сбои в формировании высших функций и своевременно предпринять необходимые меры. Classification ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab, npaj los ntawm ua cov kws txawj, muaj peev xwm ntes faults nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub siab dua lub zog thiab siv sij hawm kho nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm.

Qhov tseeb ntawm cov nqe lus nug

направлены на систематизацию аномалий, встречающихся практически у каждого ребенка с разными отклонениями в развитии. Niaj hnub nimno kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab yog aimed ntawm systematization ntawm anomalies tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua tus me nyuam muaj kev sib txawv loj hlob tsis taus. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog ncaj qha mus txog rau lub hais txheej txheem. Cov anomalies tshwm sim kom txo tau cov intelligibility ntawm kev hais lus thiab tsis nrog los ntawm ntxiv ntshawv siab.

Lwm yam hloov yog hais txog suab nam cov lus. Lawv qhia tsis tau tsuas yog tsis xws luag ntawm hais, tab sis kuj tsis tshua muaj kev paub ntawm cov lo lus lub suab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, entails ib tug ua txhaum ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv.

Qhov thib peb qeb muaj xws li anomalies kev sib txuas lus sib txawv. Lawv tsim obstacles rau tus me nyuam txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob social adaptation. Cov me nyuam uas muaj ib tug hais lus tsis zoo yog tias, yuav mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb qeb. Lawv tau muab khaws cia tseg txoj kev ntse thiab lub rooj sib hais. Tab sis uas twb muaj lawm deviations muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem on lwm yam ntawm lub psyche.

Basic kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab

Niaj hnub no, tag nrho cov hloov yog systematized nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. . Tus thawj soj ntsuam tsim pedagogical kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab. Nws muaj xws li ob poob lawm ntawm hloov. Thawj tsim qhov ncauj mob, thiab lub thib ob - sau ntawv. Cov pab pawg, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg.

Qhov thib ob kev faib - puas siab puas ntsws thiab pedagogical. Nws zoo li yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev sib koom tes. Rau kev hais lus txoj kev kho teebmeem ntawm pab neeg no yuav tsum tau nrhiav kev qauv ntawm kev hais lus tsis xws luag ces nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm anomalies.

Pab pawg neeg cov qhov ncauj kev txawv txav

выработана, главным образом, по отношению к первичным аномалиям. Soj ntsuam kev faib ntawm kev hais lus cuam tshuam tsim mas muaj respect rau cov thawj anomalies. Ncauj txawv txav raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

1. Sab nraud Chim siab (phonational) proiznositelnoj clearance sab.
2. Internal (structural-semantic) system los yog polymorphic tsis ua hauj lwm.

Phonational hloov txawv nyob rau ntawm qhov link uas yog ntaus. Qhov no yuav ua tau phonation, temporitmicheskaya lub koom haum cov nqe lus, suab thiab melodic, zvukoproiznositelny ntsiab. Tag nrho cov kev ntshawv siab yuav yuav ntes tau nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog los yog nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm.

Aphonia / dysphonia

выделяет несколько видов аномалий. Classification ntawm kev hais lus mob qhia ob peb hom anomalies. Raws li ib tug ntawm lawv ua raws li ib tug teeb meem no los tsis muaj phonation vim pathological kev hloov ntawm lub suab apparatus. Qhov no anomaly yog qhia los yog tsis muaj phonation (aphonia), los yog qhov siab ntawm qhov ua txhaum cai, cov laus thiab lub zog ntawm lub suab (dysphonia).

Tej txawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm tej qhov organic phonation mechanism mob ntawm lub hauv paus los yog peripheral xwm. Nws yuav tshwm sim thaum twg los tau theem ntawm ib tug tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob. Xws li ib tug ua txhaum zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob ib leeg los yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm cov kev ntshawv siab.

Bradilaliya

Nws yog ib qho kev yuav txo qeeb tus nqi hais lus. Nws yog synonymous nrog lub sij hawm "bradifraziya". Bradilaliya qhia nyob rau hauv qeeb articulation. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm teeb nyob rau hauv lub hais lus chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb. Los ntawm qhov bradilaliya yuav muaj kev haumxeeb los yog organic.

tachylogia

Qhov no opposite bradilalii sib txawv. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev yuav txo ceev npaum li cas ntawm kev hais lus. Tachyphasia kuj ua tau ib tug organic los yog haumxeeb. Articulation nyob rau hauv qeeb hais lus yuav zas ncav us txog, monotonous, sluggish, nrog sai - ceev ceev, hurried, assertive.

Tachyphasia yuav tsum tau nrog agrammatisms. Tej phenomena yog, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub faib raws li ywj siab anomaly: ib tug paraphrase, battarizm. Classification ntawm kev hais lus tsiv siab thiab tachylogia bradilaliyu koom siab ua ke nyob rau hauv ib lub npe - tus nqi ntawm cov teeb meem. Lawv entail ntau txim. Piv txwv li, muaj ib tug anomaly du, melodic thiab kev paub qhia lo suab, atherosclerosis ntawm kev hais lus.

lus thob-quav

Nws yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm temporitmicheskogo nam ntawm kev hais lus. Lus thob-quav yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug convulsive lub xeev cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm articulation nruab nrog cev. Qhov no tsis meej yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug central, tej zaum qhov ntawm cov organic los yog haumxeeb. Feem ntau, lus thob-quav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hais lus txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev hloov mus rau kab lus nthuav qhia. Nws yog txuam nrog ib tug sharply tsis zoo lub siab lub ntsws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus me nyuam rau ib co lwm stimulus.

Lus thob-quav txhawb rau cov tsis muaj stability ntawm lub Cns, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub vim organic hlwb txhab. Kev ua txhaum temporitmicheskogo yam ntawm kev hais lus yog txuam nrog rau qaug dab peg ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub peripheral ntaus ntawv - articulation, ua tsis taus pa, lub suab.

dyslalia

Nws yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub hais suab nyob rau hauv ib txwm innervation apparatus ntawm kev hais lus thiab lub rooj sib hais. Dyslalia qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm suab (suab) tsim lus. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus me nyuam distorts cov kev qhia suab, sib tov rau lawv los yog hloov ib leeg. Lub sib txawv yuav ua tau vim tsis yog los sis tsis tiav tsim ntawm articulatory puag.

предусматривает разграничение дислалии на функциональную и механическую. Classification ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab muab ib qho uas txawv dyslalia rau kev haumxeeb thiab cov neeg kho tshuab. Cov yav tas yog txuam nrog anatomic txawv txav ntawm kev apparatus. Kev dyslalia tshwm sim los ntawm unfavorable tej yam kev mob ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus los yog kev ua txhaum ntawm suab lub rooj sib hais.

rhinolalia

Qhov no sib txawv yog vim muaj ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub hais suab thiab timbre ntawm lub suab. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm anatomical thiab physiological kev ntshawv siab. Rhinolalia qhia nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm timbre thiab hais distorted vim tus mob ntawm lub cev phonation koom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav. Los ntawm nws, raws li los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, nws kis tau cov huab cua kwj. Suab ua ib yam nkaus thiab qhov ntswg. Nws feem ntau monotonic thiab NW nyuam qhuav sau zoo. Qhov no daim ntawv no yog hu ua ib tug qhib rhinolalia.

Kaw hom deflection tshwm sim los puas ib txwm ntswg patency nyob rau hauv adenoids, hlav, ib tug deviated septum, mob inflammatory xwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sib cais cov los yog kiag li kaw los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm lub suab. Nws poob ib co overtones, pib suab muffled. Qhov ntswg "n", "m" suab distortion.

ataxiophemia

Qhov no yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm kev hais nam ntawm kev hais lus. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm organic insufficiency nyob rau hauv lub innervation ntawm tus dais. Thaum dysarthria cai unformed qhov chaw ntawm lub mechanism ntawm hais cov suab. Thiaj li, muaj artikulyatsonno phonetic thiab lub suab tsis xws luag. Rau hauv loj heev mob zvukoproiznositelnaya sab yog tsis tuaj kiag li. Xws li ib tug lub xeev yog raug xa mus rau raws li anarthria.

Me me tsis xws luag tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau articulatory phonetic ntshawv siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus mob no yog hu ua erased daim ntawv ntawm dysarthria. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau txawv los ntawm dyslalia. Ntau yam mob yuav ua tau tsuas ib tug kws. Dysarthria tshwm sim vim Cns rau cerebral palsy. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tshwm sim thaum twg los tau theem ntawm kev loj hlob vim neuroinfection los yog lwm yam lub hlwb kev txawv txav.

alalia

связанных со структурно-семантическим оформлением, представлена двумя типами аномалий. Classification ntawm kev hais lus mob txuam nrog structural thiab semantic tsim, yog sawv cev los ntawm ob hom ntawm anomalies. Tus thawj yog alalia. Nws yog qhov uas tsis los underdevelopment ntawm kev hais lus. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib lub xeev ntawm lub yeej ntawm cov qhov chaw ntawm lub cerebral cortex nyob rau hauv utero los yog thaum ntxov rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Qhov no kho raws yog pom tias yuav tau ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj. Nws distorts cov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab programming ntawm tag nrho cov ua sawv ntawm lub xaav thiab tu tub tu kiv ntawm kev hais lus, tsis pub lub tsim ntawm lub system ntawm cov lus txhais tau tias. Operations Management hais lus zoo. Qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub playback suab thiab suab qauv ntawm cov lo lus.

Alalia tshwm kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev hais lus qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb hemispheres (Wernicke thiab Broca lub center). Raws li cais piav thoob hlo thiab lub cev muaj zog abnormality. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, hais lus to taub txojkev tus me nyuam yog lom zem ntau fwm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm dramatically nyom muaj peev xwm rau cov me nyuam lus. Kov alalia nrog teeb meem ntawm kev xaav ntawm cov lus ntawm lwm tus neeg.

имеет особое значение в ситуациях, когда необходимо дифференцировать первичные дефекты от вторичных. Classification ntawm kev hais lus mob nyob rau hauv hais lus txoj kev kho yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas nws yog tsim nyog los qha thawj los ntawm theem nrab tsis xws luag. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws txhawj xeeb alalia. Feem ntau, muaj cov complex mob nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib qho teeb meem differentiating nws los ntawm kev hais lus txoj kev loj hlob mob nyob rau tom qab ntawm lub rooj sib hais tsis thiab kev puas hlwb ruamqauj.

aphasia

Qhov no kho raws yog ib tug ib nrab los yog tiav poob ntawm yav tas los tsim kev hais lus. Aphasia yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub zos cerebral txhab. Tej zaum nws yuav mob plawv, mob, puas hlwb raug mob. Feem ntau nws xav tau ib txoj kev ua txhaum ntawm aphasia, yog hais tias nws cia li sawv tom qab ncav 3 xyoo. Qhov no anomaly yog muab faib ua ob peb hom.

Psycho-pedagogical kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab

Nws yuav siv ntau kev. Raws li ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lus nta. Cov lawv yog npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account lub yam ntxwv Cheebtsam ntawm lub system (qauv sau ntawv, lub suab nam, cov lo lus), qhov ratio ntawm cov kev ua ub (hais lus thiab sau), raws li zoo raws li lub haumxeeb sab.

включает в себя две группы расстройств. Psycho-pedagogical kev faib ntawm kev hais lus mob muaj xws li mob ob pawg. Tus thawj muaj feem xyuam rau qhov hloov tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm txoj kev sib txuas lus, lub thib ob - nrog tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv thov. Cia peb kawm lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Chim siab hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus

Classification ntawm kev hais lus mob ntawm cov me nyuam muaj xws li ob pab neeg ntawm anomalies:

• Phonetic-suab hypoplasia. Nws yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub tsim articulatory system nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug kho raws xaav thiab tu tub tu kiv ntawm phonemes.
• Tag nrho cov hypoplasia. Nws muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev txawv txav. Cov anomalies ua txhaum ntawm lub tsim ntawm tag nrho cov system Cheebtsam muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev txiav txim zoo thiab lub suab ntawm cov lus.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pab pawg paim ob peb zoo sib xws. Cov muaj xws li:

1. Agrammatism.
2. Ntshiv cov ntsiab lus.
3. Tom qab ntawd thaum pib ntawm lub tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus.
4. Tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv hais lus thiab fonemoobrazovaniya.

EPD yog qhia rau ntau degrees. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug ua tiav tsis muaj kev hais lus, lepetnoe nws tus mob los yog nthuav nws lub xub ntiag, tab sis, nrog cov ntsiab ntawm cov lexical thiab grammatical thiab suab underdevelopment.

Mob ntawm lub daim ntawv thov kev sib txuas lus txhais tau tias

относит заикание. Qhov no qeb ntawm kev kawm ntawv kev faib ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab yog hais txog lus thob-quav. Nws yog saib raws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub communicative muaj nuj nqi nrog zoo-tsim txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tej zaum yuav ntes tau thiab ua ke kho raws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nrog los ntawm ib tug general hais lus stammering hypoplasia.

OHP theem

Kev puas siab ntsws R. E. Levina distinguishes peb theem ntawm cov kev ntshawv siab:

• Thaum tus thawj sau ntawv los yog zoo lig tiav tsis muaj txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub 5-6 xyoo, thaum ib tug me nyuam tsis muaj kev hais lus pathology raws li ib tug tag nrho yog tsim. tuaj onomatopoeic suab los yog ceg nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. Lawv yuav tsum to taub tsis tau rau lwm tus thiab yog nrog gestures.
• On thib ob theem muaj ntau, tab sis ib tug ob peb garbled lus. Nws yog npaj cais cov txim hluav taws xob ntawm grammatical cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no qhia ib tug tseem ceeb backlog ntawm hais nta nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lawv cov phooj ywg.
• Nyob rau hauv peb qib yeej muaj unfolded kab lus nws nrog cov ntsiab ntawm cov phonetic thiab suab thiab lexical thiab grammatical underdevelopment. Kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus neeg yog nqa tawm tsuas nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug neeg laus.

Classification hais lus mob yuav tsum faib thiab plaub theem. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm lub teeb lexical thiab grammatical mob uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau tswv sau ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv.