Phosphorus oxide

Phosphorus yog sab thiab cais nyob rau hauv 1669 los ntawm German chemist H. Brandt. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, qhov no caij yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw. Major minerals - phosphorite Ca3 (PO4) 2 thiab apatite 3Ca3 (PO4) 2 • CaF2 los yog Ca5F (PO4) 3. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij no yog ib feem ntawm cov protein, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv cov hniav thiab cov pob txha. Phosphorus yog feem ntau yooj yim reacts nrog cov pa thiab tshuaj. Ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tsim nrog lub tebchaw oxidation (P) +5, thiab lub shortage - nyob rau hauv oxidation xeev +3. phosphorus oxide tej zaum yuav sawv cev los ntawm ntau cov qauv uas tso saib sib txawv tshuaj. Ntawm lawv, feem ntau - yog P2O5 thiab P2O3. Lwm yam tsawg tsawg thiab tsis zoo kawm oxides yog: P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, PO thiab P2O6.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm elemental phosphorus, oxygen oxidation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw maj mam. Xav nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau yam. Firstly, nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, kom meej meej pom ci, uas nws ua raws li. Secondly, oxidation ntawm ib tug tshuaj tshuaj ib txwm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nrog rau cov tsim ntawm ozone. Qhov no yog vim muaj nyiaj intermediate - phosphoryl PO - tswvyim: P + O2 → PO + O, ces: O + O2 → O3. Peb, cov oxidation vim lub ceev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm lub ambient cua vim nws ionization. Rho tawm ntawm lub teeb tsis muaj teeb meem loj reheating, nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua yog hu ua chemiluminescence. Nyob rau hauv noo kawm ntsuab chemiluminescence vim tus tsim ntawm intermediate PO.

phosphorus oxidation tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau ib tug tej yam oxygen concentration. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav hauv qab no qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pib thiab saum toj no lub siab tshaj plaws ib nrab siab ntawm O2. Luv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub kub thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus qauv tej yam kev mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm ntshiab oxygen, phosphorus oxidation nce kom txog rau thaum nws nce mus txog 300 mmHg. Art. rau yuav luag pes tsawg thaum lub oxygen ib nrab siab no ces txo kom tsawg thiab yuav ntog mus txog 700 mm hg. Art. thiab saum toj no. Yog li, lub oxide yog tsis tsim nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam tej yam kev mob, thiaj li phosphorus yuav luag tsis oxidized.

phosphorus pentoxide

Qhov tseem raug phosphorus pentoxide yog oxide los yog ntau dua oxides ntawm phosphorus, P2O5. Nws yog ib tug dawb hmoov nrog ib tug pungent tsw. Thaum txiav txim nyob rau hauv officers ntawm nws cov molecular luj, nws twb pom hais tias ib tug zoo cov ntaub ntawv yog nws mis P4O10. Qhov no nonflammable yeeb tshuaj, nws melts ntawm 565,6 C. Lub anhydride P2O5 oxide -kislotny tag nrho cov yam ntxwv zog, tab sis nws yog avidly absorbed dej, yog li yog siv raws li ib tug desiccant kua los yog roj cua. phosphorus oxide yuav coj mus dej, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj. Lub anhydride yog tsim los ntawm lub combustion ntawm phosphorus nyob rau hauv ib tug pa cua los yog cua, ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm O2 tswvyim: 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm acid H3PO4. Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej yuav tsim ib tug peb acid:

• metaphosphoric: P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3;
• pyrophosphoric: P2O5 + 2H2O → H4P2O7;
• Phosphoric: P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4.

phosphorus pentoxide reacts zog nrog dej thiab tshuaj uas muaj dej, xws li ntoo los yog paj rwb. Qhov no ntaub ntawv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub uas yuav txawm ua hluav taws. Nws ua rau hlau corrosion thiab heev khaus (muaj loj kub yus daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag) thiab caj pas txheej week, txawm nyob rau hauv ntau raws li tsawg li 1 mg / m³.

phosphorus trioxide

Phosphorous anhydride los yog phosphorus trioxide, P2O3 (P4O6) - yog ib tug dawb crystalline khoom (ciab tsos zoo li no), uas melts nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm 23.8 C thiab boils ntawm 173,7 C. Raws li ib tug dawb phosphorous, P2O3 yog heev tshuaj lom . Qhov no acidic oxide, nrog rau tag nrho nws lub zog. Phosphorus oxide 3 yog tsim vim lub qeeb oxidation los yog combustion ntawm lub dawb substance (P) nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw uas muaj ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pa. Phosphorus trioxide reacts maj mam nrog dej txias tsim acid: P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3. Qhov no phosphorus oxide reacts kwm nrog dej kub, lub tshua muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, qhov tshwm sim tej zaum yuav tsim ib tug liab phosphor (hloov allotropic podukt), phosphorus hydride thiab acid: H3PO3 thiab H3PO4. Thermal decomposition ntawm P4O6 anhydride ua raws li los ntawm cleavage ntawm lub phosphorus atoms, nyob rau lub sib tov tsim ntawm oxides ntawm P4O7, P4O8, P4O9. Raws li cov qauv lawv zoo li P4O10. Qhov tseem kawm ntawm cov P4O8.