Biologically active tshuaj

Biologically active tshuaj (abbreviated - BAS) - ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj uas muaj thaum uas tsis muaj concentration ib tug siab kev ua si mus ib qho pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob (tib neeg, cog, tsiaj, fungi) los yog mus rau ib qho pawg neeg ntawm cov hlwb. BAS siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab raws li ib tug tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kuj yuav muaj rau tag nrho cov kev ua si.

Biologically active tshuaj yog:

1. alkaloids - nitrogenous sib txuas ntawm organic xwm. Raws li ib tug dav dav txoj cai, zaub. Muaj yooj yim zog. Insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, muaj ib tug acid tsim ntau yam ntsev. Muaj zoo physiological kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv loj koob tshuaj - yog lub muaj zog tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv me me - tshuaj (tshuaj "Atropine", "papaverine", "Ephedrine").

2. Vitamins - ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas tseem ceeb heev rau cov tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg rau ib tug zoo metabolism thiab txaus siab lub neej. Muaj ntau cov vitamins yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov kev tsim nyog enzymes inhibit los yog leeb cov kev ua ntawm tej enzyme systems. Tsis tas li ntawd vitamins yog siv raws li biologically active additives rau cov zaub mov (uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg). Ib txhia vitamins noj cov zaub mov, thaum lwm tus neeg yog ua los ntawm microbes nyob rau hauv lub plab, thiab lwm tus neeg - yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub synthesis ntawm cov rog zoo li tshuaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ultraviolet. vitamin tsis muaj peev xwm yuav ua tau rau ntau yam mob nyob rau hauv metabolism. Tus kab mob, uas originated raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tsis muaj tsawg ntawm cov vitamins nyob rau hauv lub cev, hu ua beriberi. Disadvantage - nws yog vitamin raug, tab sis ntev li ntawm nqi - hypervitaminosis.

3. glycosides - tebchaw ntawm organic xwm. Lawv muaj ib tug ntau yam los ntawm. Molecules glycosides yog muaj li ntawm ob qho loj qhov chaw: nesaharistoy (lub aglycone los yog genin) thiab tej (glucones). Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm lub plawv thiab leeg tshav kab mob raws li antimicrobial thiab expectorant. glycosides kuj pab qaug zog puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev, Tsau tshuaj rau cov cov mob txeeb zig, calm lub central lub paj hlwb, txhim kho kev zom thiab ua rau kom qab los noj mov.

4. Glikolalkaloidy - bioactive tshuaj txog glycosides. Los ntawm lawv koj yuav tau txais cov nram qab no tshuaj: "Cortisone", "hydrocortisone" thiab lwm tus neeg.

5. Lub tannins (lwm lub npe - tannin) yog tau precipitate cov nqaijrog, hnoos qeev, nplaum tshuaj, alkaloids. Vim li no lawv yog tsis tau tshaj nrog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Txij li thaum cov nqaijrog lawv tsim albuminates (antiinflammatory tus sawv cev).

6. Rog roj - yog esters ntawm fatty acids los yog trihydric haus dej cawv. Ib txhia fatty acids uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub metabolism, leeb lub feem ntawm cholesterol los ntawm lub cev.

7. Coumarins - ib tug biologically active tshuaj, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv coumarin thiab isocoumarin. Nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg neeg xws li piranokumariny thiab furokumariny. Ib txhia coumarins muaj spasmolytic txiav txim, lwm tus neeg qhia kev ua kapillyaroukreplyayuschim. Muaj kuj coumarins anthelminthic, diuretic, curare, antimicrobial, analgesic thiab lwm yam kev ua.

8. txoj lw ntsiab, vitamins thiab cov zoo li, yog tseem ntxiv rau lub biologically active khoom noj khoom haus additive. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov vitamins, cov tshuaj hormones, pigments, enzymes, daim ntawv tshuaj tebchaw nrog cov nqaijrog noog nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab kabmob, endocrine qog. Rau tib neeg tseem ceeb nram qab no ib txoj lw ntsiab: boron, npib tsib xee, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, hmoov txhuas, fluorine, selenium, tooj liab, manganese.

Nws tseem muaj lwm biologically active tshuaj: Organic acids (yog volatile thiab uas tsis yog-volatile), pectin, pigments (lwm lub npe - coloring agents), yuam, carotenoids, flavonoids, nrov heev nthe, ecdysones, tseem ceeb roj.