Parsing lus rau lub suab. Schemes thiab piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog qhia rau ntau hom kev dissections tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias teb sab lus. Lo lus no lexical tsom xam, thiab ntsuam xyuas ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Cov me nyuam kawm lauj lub tswv yim rau cov tswv cuab, los qhia tias nws syntax thiab cov cim nta. Thiab kuj ua ntau yam ua lwm yam lus ua hauj lwm.

ua neeg ncajncees ntsiab lus

Tom qab repetition ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas traversed los ntawm thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm 5 chav kawm pib rau thawj loj seem linguistics - phonetics. Cov kawm tiav ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb no yog tus tsom xam ntawm lo lus lub suab. Yog vim li cas phonetics pib nrog ib tug loj heev thiab nyob rau hauv-tob paub nrog cov haiv neeg tus nplaig? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim. Cov ntawv nyeem muaj ntawm cov kab lus, kab lus - cov lus, thiab cov lus - ntawm lub suab, uas yog cov building blocks, lub tsev blocks, heev lub hauv paus ntawm kev hais lus, thiab tsis tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis leej twg. Uas yog vim li cas tus tsom xam cov lus los ntawm lub suab - qhov pib ntawm lub tsim ntawm cov tswv yim kev txawj ntse thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv lub lus ua hauj lwm.

Lub tswvyim ntawm phonetic tsom xam

Yuav ua li cas raws nraim nws nws tus kheej, thiab hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntse tiv nrog cov paub tab ntawm qhov phonetic cim? Ua ntej, next syllabic partitioning. Ob, tus tsom xam cov lus lub suab yuav tsis tau tsis muaj ib tug meej qhov txawv ntawm cim thiab tsiaj ntawv phonemes paired thiab unpaired, tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog txaus. Peb, yog hais tias nws (lo lus) muaj kev sau nyob rau hauv sau ntawv, mos mos los yog tsis hais, ob npaug cov tsiaj ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm taug, uas tsab ntawv no yog siv los xaiv ib tug suab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv. Thiab txawm xws complex dab li kev pab los yog assimilation (assimilation) thiab dissimilation (raspodoblenie), lawv yuav tsum tau zoo to taub (txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus uas tsis hais nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, txawm li cas los, cov me nyuam yuav nkag tau mus rau cov ntsiab lus). Lawm, tus tsom xam cov lus lub suab yuav tsis tau yog hais tias tus me nyuam tsis paub yuav ua li cas Hour, tsis paub lub elementary cai ntawm transcription. Yog li ntawd, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum loj thiab lub luag hauj lwm mus kom ze rau cov kev qhia ntawm seem "phonetics".

theoretical kev pom zoo

Yuav ua li cas yog tus tsom xam ntawm lub tswvyim lus suab? Yuav ua li cas cov kauj ruam yog nws muaj xws li? Peb yuav to taub qhov no nyob rau hauv kom meej. Yuav pib nrog lub token yog muab los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, muab tso rau hauv lub kos npe "khiav ceev", tom qab uas nws yog sau dua, tsuas yog lub sij hawm no yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub suab. Saj zawg zog sis. Ces qhib lub nkhaus, thiab cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj lo lus sau ntawv tseem ceeb - rau sau raws li koj hnov nws, piv txwv li, qhia nws lub suab plhaub, qhia seb softness ntawm phonemes, yog tias muaj, thiab lwm yam Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv kev xaiv transcription mus hla lub kab, tuav cia .... txoj kab ntsug. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib kem sau tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lo lus, tom qab - nyob rau hauv pab pawg suab thiab muab lawv ua kom tiav characterization. Qhov kawg ntawm tus tsom xam nqa tawm ib tug me me txoj kab thiab, summing up, muaj yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab nyob rau hauv ib lo lus.

Piv txwv li ib tug

Yuav ua li cas nws zoo nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, piv txwv li. E. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv sau? Proizvedom thawj xeem parsing lus los ntawm lub suab. Qauv tsom xam yuav ua rau nws tau to taub txog cov muaj ntau nuances. Sau: bedspread. Faib mus rau hauv lub suab: nyob rau hauv-fitment va'-lo. Transcribing [pakryva'la]. tsom xam:

• n - [n] - lub suab ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawv, nws yog neeg lag ntseg, doubles khub - [b] cov khoom;

• ntawm - [ib tug] - ib tug cim, unstressed ;

• k - [ib tug] - ACC suab, nws yog neeg lag ntseg, txiv neej [para - g] ..., nyob ruaj khov kho.;

• p - [p] - lub suab ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawv, sonorous, thiaj li khib sonority, nyuaj;

• s - [s] - yog ib tug cim, nyob rau hauv lub unstressed txoj hauj lwm;

• . Nyob rau hauv - [ntawm] - lub suab ntawm cov ACC yog ringing, zog nws - [f], ruaj;

• thiab - [A '] - lub cim suab nyob rau hauv lub poob siab txoj hauj lwm;

• . L - [L] - lub suab ACC hais txog cov sonorous, yog li unpaired, nyuaj ,.

• ntawm - [ib tug] - tsiaj ntawv, unstressed.

Tag nrho: 9 cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lo lus suab thiab 9; lawv tus xov tooj yog zoo tib yam.

Piv txwv li ob

Cia peb kawm saib ua li cas rau parse lo lus "cov phooj ywg" ntawm cov suab. Peb ua rau twb npaj tswvyim. Faib nws mus rau hauv lub suab, peb yuav muab lub luag Iwm haiv neeg: Yuav-Zya '. Tam sim no peb sau nyob rau hauv lub transcribed daim ntawv: [druz'y'a ']. Thiab cais:

• d - [g] - tsiaj ntawv, nws yog sonant paired ob peb - [T], khoom;

• p - [pi] - ACC, voiced sonorant, unpaired, khoom ;.

• y - [ntawm] - cim, unstressed;

• . S - [s '] - ACC yog ringing, ib tug neeg lag ntseg ob peb - [nrog] qhov muag thiab kuj doubles [s];

• s - qhia tsis muaj suab;

• Kuv - [D '] - semi-cim, hu yeej ib txwm li ntawd, khib, yeej ib txwm mos;

• [A '] - cim feem.

Lo lus no 6 cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab 6. Lawv tus xov tooj yog tib yam, piv txwv li. K. L qhia tsis muaj suab, thiab tsab ntawv Kuv tsa muag kos npe rau tom qab ob lub suab.

Piv txwv li peb

Peb qhia yuav ua li cas ua tus tsom xam ntawm lo lus "lus" ntawm lub suab. Lub algorithm koj paub. Sau nws tawm thiab faib mus rau hauv lub suab: I-tus nplaig. Zatranskribiruyte: [y'izy'k]. Lauj phonetically:

• Kuv - [D '] - semi-cim, voiced unpaired yeej ib txwm cia li mos;

• [Ib tug] - lub suab ntawm cov cim thiab unstressed;

• h - [h] - ACC, voiced paired ob peb - [c], khoom .;

• s - [y '] - cim, mob stroke;

• k - [ib tug] - tsiaj ntawv lag ntseg khub [d] khoom.

Lo lus muaj 4 cov tsiaj ntawv thiab 5 suab. Lawv tus xov tooj yog tsis tau tib yam vim hais tias cov tsab ntawv Kuv sawv nyob rau hauv ib tug meej thaum pib thiab yog 2 suab.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov plaub

Cia peb kawm saib ua li cas nws zoo li parsing lo lus "protein" ntawm cov suab. Tom qab nws paug nws ua hyphenation: dawb-kos. Tam sim no zatranskribiruyte: [b'e'lka]. Thiab ua alpha-suab tsom xam :

• b - [B] - ACC, ringing, nyeem nrog [n], me me ;.

• e - [e '] - cim, mob stroke;

• l - [L] - ACC, sonorant, Nepara, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cov khoom; ..

• k - [ib tug] - ACC, lag ntseg, khub [d] khoom; ..

• thiab - [ib tug] - cim, unstressed.

Nyob rau hauv no hais lus tib lub xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab - mus 5. Raws li koj tau pom, ua ib tug phonetic tsom xam ntawm cov lo lus txaus xwb. Nws yog tsuas ib qho tseem ceeb them sai sai mus rau lub nuances ntawm nws hais.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub thib tsib

Tam sim no cia tus ua tus tsom xam ntawm lo lus "fir" lub suab. Fifth qib no yuav tsum tau nthuav. Nws yuav rov qab ua thiab sau cov phonetic nta ntawm niam sau nyob rau hauv sau ntawv. Lo lus muaj ib lub suab, uas yog tseem txawv txawv me nyuam kawm ntawv. Nws yog transcribed raws li nram no: [ye'l ']. Tam sim no nqa tawm tus tsom xam:

• e - [D '] - semi-cim, voiced unpaired, mos;

• [E '] - cim, mob stroke;

• l - [n '] - tsiaj ntawv sonorant, txawm li cas los unpaired, nyob rau hauv qhov muab lo lus no yog mos;

• s - lub suab tsis txhais li cas.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv lo lus "Spruce" 3 tsab ntawv thiab peb suab. Cov tsab ntawv E nruab nrab 2 suab t. Yuav kom. Lub sawv thaum pib ntawm cov lo lus, thiab cov mos mos suab ntawm ib tug kos npe rau tsis txhais li cas.

Peb kos kev xaus

Peb muab cov piv txwv ntawm phonetic tsom xam cov lus uas muaj ib tug txawv tus naj npawb ntawm lub suab thiab cov suab. Xib Fwb qhia txog cov kev kawm, cob qhia lawv cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, yuav tsum tau sim rau sau lawv nrog cov lo lus uas tsim nyog terminology. Hais txog lub suab, "N", "R", "L", "M", yuav tsum tau hu ua lawv sonorous, ib txhij taw tawm hais tias lawv yeej ib txwm ringing, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj ib tug khub ntawm voicelessness. [Q] sonorant tsis yog, tab sis kuj cia li ringing, thiab qhov no parameter yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub 4 yav dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws twb xav tias qhov no yog hais txog mus rau lub suab ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawv, tab sis nws yog kev ncaj ncees yuav tau hu rau lub semi-cim, t. Yuav kom. Nws yog heev ze rau lub suab [thiab]. Yuav ua li cas zoo dua nco ntsoov lawv? Cov ntaub ntawv cov me nyuam kab lus: "Peb tsis tau pom nws tus phooj ywg." Nyob rau hauv nws, thiab muaj xws li tag nrho cov sonority.

Tshwj xeeb mob tsom xam

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov phonetic qauv ntawm cov lo lus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau mloog rau nws. Piv txwv li, lo lus daim ntawv "nees" yuav muaj ib tug saib ntawm lub transcription: [lashyd'e'y '], "los nag" - [do'sch']. Fifth-qib to taub koj tus kheej nrog rau cov thiab zoo sib xws tus neeg mob yog ib qhov nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau sim rau kev tsom xam cov zaj lus qhia nthuav piv txwv thiab xyuam xim rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv tej lus subtleties. Nrog hais txog qhov no, thiab cov lus xws li "nyiaj so koobtsheej", "poov xab", piv txwv li. E., Thaum ob npaug los yog unpronounceable consonants. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog raws li nram no: nick-Hol, [pra'z'n'ik]; drozh Ms [dro'zhy]. Saum toj no lub "g" yuav tsum tau kos txoj kab, cim tias seb thaum lub caij ntawm lub suab. Tsis yog-tus qauv no thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tsab ntawv I. no, nws yog hais txog mus rau lub suab s.

Nyob rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm transcription

Yuav ua li cas lo lus tas yuav tsum tau transcribed? Phonetic tsom xam yuav pab tau pom ib tug duab daim duab ntawm lub token. E., Ua li cas lo lus zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv nws lub suab lub hnab ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab ntawm tej kev soj ntsuam? Nws yog tsis tsuas cov kev sib piv ntawm cov lus units (tsiaj ntawv, suab, lawv muaj pes tsawg). Phonetic tsom xam ua rau nws ua tau rau ib txoj lw, nyob rau hauv uas txoj hauj lwm tib tsab ntawv stands rau ib tug txawv suab. Yog li, nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, qhov cim "e" yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug muaj zog poob siab. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm txawv teb chaws tuaj, txoj cai no tsis ua hauj lwm. Tib yam siv rau lub complex muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tokens, muaj raws ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj cov hauv paus hniav. Piv txwv li, ib tug triple-core chaw. Transcription nws yog raws li nram no: [tr'ioh'a'd'irny ']. Raws li koj tau pom, percussive suab no [ib tug].

Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm hyphenation

Hyphenation - tib lo lus nug nyuaj heev rau fifth qib. Feem ntau tus kws qhia ntawv qhia cov me nyuam kom xws li ib tug txoj cai: raws li nyob rau hauv lo lus ntawm niam, thiaj li muaj ntau lub suab. Tib Fe 2 lub suab; nyob rau hauv da dej-kos 3 lub suab. Qhov no thiaj li hu ua yooj yim mob qhov twg niam yeej kam ncig. Me ntsis ntau tham rau cov me nyuam qhov teeb meem no yog sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lo lus "xiav" yog cai cim. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv pom tau tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau faib mus rau hauv lub suab xws xaiv. Nws yog tsim nyog los piav qhia rau lawv tias muaj feem ntau tseem tib yam: B-Nya-Kuv (3 lub suab).

Cov no yog cov nta cai nyob rau hauv phonetic parsing.