Nonpolar covalent daim ntawv cog lus - lub tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm tib lub atoms

Nonpolar covalent daim ntawv cog lus hais txog ib tug yooj yim tshuaj bonds. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov electron officers. Muaj 2 hom covalent koom haum ua teb yuav txawv tsim mechanism. Xav txog nws kev kawm ntawv thiab kawm paub ntau ntxiv hais txog dab tsi yog feem ntau los ntawm ib tug uas tsis yog-polar daim ntawv cog lus. Nws yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv yooj yim tshuaj - nonmetals, txawm li cas los, yuav tshwm sim tau nyob rau hauv lub tebchaw tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv atoms, nrog rau cov proviso hais tias cov electronegativity nqi ntawm particle sib npaug zos. Piv txwv li, PH3 tshuaj EO (P) = EA (H) = 2.2.

Xav txog, raws li ib tug uas tsis yog-polar covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub hydrogen atom tsuas yog ib qho electron, li ntawd, nws electron plhaub yog tsis tiav, nws lacks txawm 1. Lub sis ntawm Hydrogen atoms pib mus rau txoj kev sib vim tus rog ntawm attraction ntawm nuclei thiab electrons, thaum cov overlapping electron huab. Thaum lub sij hawm no doublet yog tsim, uas belongs rau ob elementary hais. Nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub electron huab overlapped txhua lwm yam, muaj ib tug muaj zog electron ceev, attracts lub atomic nuclei, li no muab lawv nrog ib tug khoom compound molecule. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus nonpolar schematically sau raws li nram no:

· + H · H - H: H los yog H - N.

Ntawm no, cov unpaired electron ntawm lwm txheej yog denoted los ntawm ib tug taw tes, thiab tag nrho cov electron khub ntawm ob dots -: los yog khiav ceev.

Los ntawm cov saum toj no nws yuav pom tias lub cheeb tsam ntawm sib tshooj ntawm electron huab nyob symmetrically nrog hwm rau ob atoms. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li sijhawm los mus tsim ib tug uas tsis yog-polar covalent daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tej yam yooj yim molecules, tej muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm electrons.

Vim qhov no kev sib raug zoo yog raug rau feem ntau uas tsis yog-hlau, koj yuav teev ib tug qauv, hais txog lawv cov cev zog. Tshuaj nrog apolar covalent lub koom haum tej zaum yuav khoom (silicon, sulfur), gases (hydrogen thiab oxygen) thiab cov kua (tsuas bromo). Yog hais tias koj saib ze ze ntawm lub molecular ma ssy gaseous thiab kua uas tsis yog-hlau, nws yog pom tias muaj ua Mr feem ntau tsub kom lub melting thiab boiling kub. Nrog khoom nonmetals xws tsis tshwm sim. Qhov no yog hais tias cov yooj yim tshuaj muaj atomic-crystalline qauv uas imparts zog nonpolar covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, tus loj dua cov xov tooj ntawm xws kev twb kev txuas, qhov nyuaj lub compound, piv txwv li, cov pob zeb diamond thiab graphite.

Nonpolar lub koom haum yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej kev ntawm cov kab mob, raws li nws yog ntau npaum li cas muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, thiab hydrogen ion. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhaum xws li cov ties, tsiaj los yog cog yuav tsum tau mus expend loj nyiaj ntawm lub zog, li ntawd, lub mechanism ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm enzymes noj ib tug active ib feem.

Nonpolar covalent daim ntawv cog lus - ib tug daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm cov yam los yog txawv atoms ntawm elementary hais ntawm complex compound muaj sib npaug zos qhov tseem ceeb ntawm electronegativity. Yog li Attendance tuav lub atoms ntau electron khub (doublet).