Niaj hnub nimno naval phom

Txij li thaum lub sij hawm immemorial, lub decisive quab yuam ntawm lub hiav txwv raug xam tias yog ships nrog naval phom. Nyob rau hauv no tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lub caliber: qhov ntau nws muaj, qhov ntau tseem ceeb deals kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab.

Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th naval artillery ntsiag to nws twb tau raug thawb rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ib yam tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov rog - guided cuaj luaj. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tseem tsis mus txog qhov tshem tawm ntawm naval artillery. Ntxiv mus, nws tau ua modernized nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob ntawm kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub hiav txwv.

naval artillery Limbo

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 16th) lub ships tsuas riam phom rau ze kev sib ntaus los - ib tug battering ram, lub mechanisms ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev ntawm lub nkoj, Masts thiab oars. Nce yog feem ntau txoj kev daws kev tsis sib haum ntawm lub hiav txwv.

Hauv pem teb rog ntau inventive. Nyob rau teb chaws nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb siv tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm propelling mechanisms. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib siv xws riam phom nyob rau hauv lub naval battles.

Tus invention thiab kis hmoov (nchauv) dramatically kho caj npab Armed Forces. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, cov hmoov los ua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub 14th caug xyoo.

Txawm li cas los, lub hiav txwv kev siv ntawm rab phom twb tsis tshwm sim los excitement ntawm cov sailors. Gunpowder feem ntau dampen thiab rab phom misfire, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob yog fraught nrog loj txim rau lub nkoj.

Xyoo pua 16th yog thaum pib ntawm lub hauj kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom rog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Qhov no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau lub caj npab. Phom hloov tsim, thawj sighting ntaus ntawv. Rab phom chim tau ua mobile. Paub qhov zoo tshaj ntawm gunpowder. Nkoj phom pib mus ua si ib tug muaj koob lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub naval battles.

Naval artillery ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th

Nyob rau hauv lub 16-17 centuries artillery, xws li lub hiav txwv, tau tsim ntxiv. Cov ships tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom los tso lawv nyob rau ob peb decks. Cov ships nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm tau tsim raws li nyob rau hauv lub artillery sib ntaus sib tua.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo tau lawm tias hom, caliber naval phom, tua txoj kev tau tsim muaj raws li nyob rau hauv marine specifics. Ib tug tshiab science - ballistics.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub nkoj tus phom ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th yog lub yeej ntawm tag nrho cov 8-12 calibers. Xws li ib tug luv luv lub cev twb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau siab nkaum hauv lub nkoj rau re-loading phom, raws li zoo raws li lub siab xav mus alleviate cov phom.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm naval phom tau tsim thiab mos txwv. Fleets twb caws nplaum thiab heev zoo li, yuav ua tau teeb meem loj kev puas tsuaj rau tus yeeb ncuab lub nkoj thiab nws neeg coob. Tus thawj siv heev zoo li Lavxias teb sab sailors nyob rau hauv 1696, thaum lub sij hawm storming ntawm Azov.

Armed ships ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua

Nkoj phom ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau twb muaj ib tug rab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws hnyav tsis tau hloov txij li lub xeem xyoo pua thiab yog 12, 24 thiab 48 phaus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm muaj lwm yam phom thiab calibers, tab sis lawv tsis ntau.

Cov phom twb muab tso thoob plaws hauv lub nkoj: nyob rau hneev, siab tawv, lub Upper thiab qis decks. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau sab lawj yog cov heaviest riam phom.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub loj-caliber naval phom twb mounted rau ib rab phom carriage nrog log. Nyob rau hauv cov log nyob rau hauv lub lawj kom ua tau grooves. Tom qab firing cannon yob rov qab lub recoil zog thiab yog dua npaj txhij rau loader. Tus txheej txheem ntawm loading lub nkoj phom yog heev nyuab thiab pheej hmoo ua tshaj plaws los mus laij.

Cov hauj lwm zoo xws phom tua yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 300 m, txawm hais tias tus neeg zoo li txav mus rau 1500 m. Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov kev ncua deb lub projectile loses kinetic zog. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th frigate rhuav tshem cov 24-phaus zoo li, nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua battleship yog tsis ntshai, thiab lub 48-pounder. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nyob rau hauv ces, lub ships pib arm 60-108-phaus cannons caliber 280 hli.

Yog vim li cas cov phom nyob rau hauv ships tsis tau sau tawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub seem?

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, cuaj luaj ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog los hloov cov classic artillery, xws li cov rog, tab sis nws tsis tshwm sim. Rockets twb tsis tau kiag li hloov lub nkoj phom. Yog vim li cas cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov artillery zoo li yog tsis ntshai ntawm tej yam zoo ntawm passive thiab active cuam. Nws yog tsawg nyob rau cov huab cua puag tshaj guided cuaj luaj. Pov naval phom inevitably mus txog nws lub hom phiaj, tsis zoo li lawv niaj hnub counterparts - cruise cuaj luaj.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov phom yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg hiav txwv npaum li cas mos txwv thiab tseem ceeb tshaj dua foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tus nqi ntawm naval phom yog tsawg missile.

Niaj hnub no, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv view ntawm cov nta yog muab tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm naval artillery. Ua hauj lwm yog ua nyob rau hauv secrecy.

Tsis tau hnub no, rab phom mount rau lub nkoj nrog tag nrho nws cov pros ua si ib tug ntau dua kev txhawb nqa lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub naval sib ntaus sib tua, es tsis decisive.

Tus tshiab luag hauj lwm ntawm naval artillery nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob

Lub xyoo pua 20th coj txog kev hloov nyob rau hauv pre-uas twb muaj lawm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub naval artillery. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm naval aviation yog qhov ua rau. Cua raids yog ib tug loj kev hem thawj rau lub nkoj, naval phom tshaj tus nrog sib ntaus.

Lub ob ntiaj teb rog pom tias cov huab cua kws muaj txuj ci tau ua tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub confrontation ntawm hiav txwv. Cov ntu ntawm ib tug tshiab hom riam phom - guided cuaj luaj. Cov designers tau switched rau missile systems. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau txiav kev loj hlob thiab zus tau tej cov phom ntawm lub ntsiab tua hluav taws.

Txawm li cas los, tus tshiab riam phom yuav tsis tau kiag li hloov phom, nrog rau cov nkoj. Rab phom, caliber ntawm uas tsis pub tshaj 152 hli (caliber 76, 100, 114, 127 thiab 130 hli), tseem nyob rau hauv lub Navy ntawm lub USSR (Russia), teb chaws United States, Teb chaws Aas Kiv, Fabkis thiab Ltalis. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no lub naval artillery twb muab mus rau ntau tshaj ib tug txhawb lub luag hauj lwm tshaj kev poob siab. Nkoj phom siv rau tsaws them nyiaj yug, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab aircraft. Lub fore marine flak. Raws li yog paub zoo tias, nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsuas no yog qhov tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws. Vim li no, sai-nkoj phom tau ua ib tug loj ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov tub rog thiab designers.

Yuav kom nce lub zaus ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, tsim tsis siv neeg artillery systems. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm mus rau qhov chaw bets rau lawv universality, uas yog, lawv yuav tsum sib npaug zoo los tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab cua quab yuam thiab rog, raws li zoo raws li ua kev puas tsuaj rau nqaum chaw tiv thaiv. Cov yav tas yog vim tus hloov tactics ntawm cov rog. Yuav luag ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm yav dhau los naval battles ntawm lub fleets. Tam sim no lub ships los ua lawm yuav siv tau rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob ze ntawm lub coastline raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov yeeb ncuab av-raws li chaw. Cov tswvyim no yog reflected kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov niaj hnub naval weaponry.

Shipboard automatic artillery systems

Nyob rau hauv 1954, lub Soviet Union pib txij lub yuav tsum tau tsim automatic caliber 76,2 hli system, thiab nyob rau hauv 1967 pib txoj kev loj hlob thiab zus tau tej cov tsis zoo no feem caliber artillery systems 100 thiab 130 hli. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog thawj tsis siv neeg naval phom (57 hli) dvuhstvolny phom mount AK-725. Tom qab ntawd nws twb hloov tau txais yuav los ntawm ib-chim 76.2-hli AK-176.

Ib txhij nrog AK-176 30-hli sai-qhov chaw AK-630 yog tsim muaj ib ntu ntawm rau yam shafts. Nyob rau hauv lub 80 xyoo cov rog tau txais tsis siv neeg tshuab AK-130, uas niaj hnub no sawv nyob rau hauv warships ua ntaj riam thaiv.

AK-130 thiab nws tus yam ntxwv

130mm naval phom yog ib feem ntawm lub installation dvuhstvolny A-218. Keeb xeeb tsim ib leeg-barreled version ntawm lub A-217, tab sis, ces nws twb paub hais tias dvuhstvolny A-218 muaj ib tug ntau dua tus nqi (mus txog 90 txhaj tshuaj nyob rau lub ob yeej), thiab nyiam tau muab rau nws.

Tab sis rau cov uas lub designers yuav tsum tau kom tus luj ntawm lub installation. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus luj ntawm lub tag nrho complex yog 150 m (installation nws tus kheej - 98 m, cov kev tswj system (CS) - 12 t, mechanized ARSENALNY cellar - 40 m).

Tsis zoo li yav dhau los tshawb fawb nkoj phom (saib duab. Hauv qab no) yuav tsum tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshiab nta uas txhim khu nws tus nqi ntawm cov hluav taws.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib tug unitary cartridge, nyob rau hauv uas lub tes tsho tau merged ua ke capsule, hmoov xwb thiab projectile.

Tsis tas li ntawd, A-218 muaj tsis siv neeg reload mos txwv, yog li ntawd koj yuav siv tag nrho cov mos txwv tsis muaj ntxiv ib tug neeg.

SU "Leo-218" tsis yuav tsum tau lub yuav tsum tau kev pab tib neeg. Kho firing ua rau cov system nws tus kheej nyob rau cov neeg ntawm poob zoo li explosions.

Ib tug muaj feem yuav muaj phom txhaj tshuaj thiab muaj cov tshwj xeeb, muaj tej thaj chaw deb thiab radar fuses, lub AK-130 ua rau nws ua tau rau cov hluav taws rau ntawm huab cua lub hom phaj.

AK-630 thiab nws tus yam ntxwv

Rate ntawm naval phom AK-630 yog tsim los tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm cov huab cua thiab lub teeb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ships.

Nws muaj ib tug chim ntev ntawm 54 caliber. Firing ntau phom nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm lub hom phaj: cua lub hom phaj yog cuam tshuam ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 4 km, lub teeb nto hlab ntsha - txog li 5 km.

Rate installation nce mus txog 4000-5000 txhiab rounds ib feeb. Yog li lub queue ntev yuav ua tau 400 txhaj tshuaj, raws li los ntawm ib tug so nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau 5 vib nas this rau cov cua txias ntawm rab phom kas tham. Tom qab lub lem ntawm 200 txhaj tshuaj txaus mus ua txhaum nyob rau hauv 1 thib ob.

Mos txwv AK-630 muaj ob hom ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj: siab heev caws nplaum projectile RP-84, thiab nws-taug qab-LOS YOG 84.

Lub artillery ntawm lub US Navy

US Navy kuj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tej caj npab tau hloov lawm. Lug ua tswvcuab cuaj luaj, artillery tau raug thawb rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo, Americans tau pib them sai sai mus me me-caliber artillery, uas muaj pov thawj zoo heev tiv thaiv uas tsis muaj-ya aircraft thiab cuaj luaj.

Mloog yog them mas tsis siv neeg phom mount 20-35 hli thiab 100-127 hli. Nkoj automatic phom yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tsim nyog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub riam phom ntawm lub nkoj.

Qhov nruab nrab caliber yog tsim los defeat tag nrho cov hom phiaj, tsuas yog underwater. Structurally Haum tseg los ntawm lub teeb co thiab fiberglass tam.

txoj kev loj hlob yog tseem dhia-reactive txhaj tshuaj rau lub 127- thiab 203-hli phom mounts.

Tam sim no, saj zawg zog installation Mk45 127-gauge yog pom tias yuav tsum muaj ib tug raug teeb rau lub US ships.

Los ntawm me me-caliber riam phom muaj nqis ntsoov teev sextuple "Vulcan-Phalanx".

nthuav lus tseeb

Nyob rau hauv 1983 nyob rau hauv lub USSR muaj ib qhov project ntawm unprecedented naval phom uas zoo nkaus li zoo li ib tug teeb steamer 19-20 centuries txoj kab uas hla ntawm 406 hli, tab sis qhov txawv tsuas yog tias vim nws yuav ya ... zenith tswj los yog cov pa projectile, ib lub cruise missile los yog ib tug nuclear tob xwb nrog filling . Rate ntawm xws universal cuab yeej nyob ntawm seb lub hom txhaj tshuaj tag. Piv txwv li, rau cov coj cuaj luaj yog 10 rounds ib feeb, thiab rau ib tug pa plhaub - 15-20.

Nws yog nthuav tias xws li ib tug "dab" yuav tau yooj yim yuav ntsia txawm nyob rau hauv me me cov hlab ntsha (2-3 thous. Tons xaav). Txawm li cas los, cov rog hais kom yog tsis paub txog qhov no caliber, yog li peb tes num twb tsis yuav tsum tau ras.

Niaj hnub nimno yuav tsum tau rau naval artillery

Raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub 19th Test Site Alexander Tozik hnub no yuav tsum rau lub nkoj phom cov nyob twj ywm tib yam - nws yog kev ntseeg tau thiab laij cov txhaj tshuaj tag.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, niaj hnub naval phom yuav tsum tau lub teeb txaus yuav tsum tau rau nruab rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub teeb warships. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub cuab tam rau luag tsis paub tus yeeb ncuab radar. Nws yuav tsum tus tshiab tiam ntawm cov mos txwv, muaj ib tug ntau dua puas tej zaum thiab muaj zog tua ntau.