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Foob pob ua ntxaij launchers - los ntawm "Katyusha" mus rau "Whirlwind"

Lub forerunners ntawm niaj hnub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers yuav suav hais tias riam phom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Zoo li yuav npog ib tug deb ntawm 1.6 km, cia nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm xib xub. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, xws li muaj nyob tsuas yog tom qab 400 xyoo.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij zoo li

Tus thawj cuaj luaj twb thiaj tau tuaj vim cov tsos ntawm gunpowder, uas twb yees ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Alchemists qhib cov khoom no los ntawm kev huam yuaj, thaum ua ib tug elixir rau nyob mus ib txhis lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI gunpowder bombs twb xub siv, uas raug xa mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm catapults. Nws yog tus thawj ua tsov rog lub mechanism ntawm uas tsa lub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers.

Rockets pib nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv 1400 yog cov feem ntau zoo ib yam li niaj hnub seev. Cov kab kev los ntawm lawv lub davhlau yog ntau tshaj li 1.5 km. Lawv ob missiles, nruab nrog xyaw. Ua ntej lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lawv coj tawm ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm xib xub. Tom qab Tuam Tshoj xws riam phom nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, ces tau txais rov qab mus ces.

General Congreve nyob rau hauv 1799 nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lawv tsim ib tug tshiab hom gunpowder zoo li. Lawv tam sim ntawd coj mus rau kev pab nyob rau hauv lub British pab tub rog. Ces muaj cov loj loj phom, uas ua cuaj luaj ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1.6 km.

Txawm ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv 1516, lub grassroots Zaporozhye Cossacks nyob ze Belgorod nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj rau lub Tatar hordes ntawm lub Crimean Khan Giray Melik thov ntau heev tshaj dua lub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Tsaug rau tus tshiab riam phom lawv twb tau defeat lub Tatar pab tub rog, uas yog ntau npaum li cas heev heev Cossack. Tu siab, lub zais cia ntawm nws kev loj hlob lub Cossacks coj nrog lawv, tuag nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej battles.

Achievements A. Zasyadko

Ib tug loj txhob nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm launchers tau ua Aleksandrom Dmitrievichem Zasyadko. Nws yog nws leej twg invented thiab ntse siv cov thawj RCD - ntau foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Nws yuav tsum tau tso tawm yuav luag ib txhij tsawg kawg yog 6 cuaj luaj ntawm ib tug xws li tus qauv. Sib muaj tsawg luj, ua rau nws tau mus rau cov hloov lawv rau leej twg yooj yim qhov chaw. Zasyadko txoj kev loj hlob tau mas menyuam los ntawm cov neeg pej xeem nrog Duke Constantine, tus kwv tij ntawm tus huab tais. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia rau Alexander kuv, nws thov cov hauj lwm ntawm Colonel Zasyadko nyob qib loj general.

Kev loj hlob ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij launchers nyob rau hauv lub XIX-XX centuries.

Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua qhov kev siv ntawm rockets rau nitroporohe (smokeless hmoov) pib mus koom nyob rau hauv NI Tikhomirov VA Artemyev. Tus thawj community launch txog xws li ib tug missile raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv 1928. Zoo li yuav kov yeej ib tug deb ntawm 5-6 km.

Ua tsaug rau cov pab xibfwb zoo Tsiolkovsky Lavxias teb sab zaum ntawm RNII II Gvaya, VN Galkovskii, AP Pavlenko AS Popov nyob multi-ntsis foob pob ua ntxaij launcher RS-M13 nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1938-1941 thiab cov installation ntawm lub BM-13. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Lavxias teb sab zaum tsim cuaj luaj. Cov cuaj luaj - "eresy" - yuav tsum yog tus tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm qhov ntev-defunct "Katyusha". Saum toj no nws cov creation yuav ua hauj lwm ib tug ob peb xyoo ntxiv.

Teem lub "Katyusha"

Raws li nws muab tawm, tsib hnub ua ntej lub German nres rau ntawm lub USSR pab pawg neeg LE Schwartz tsom nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam ib tug tshiab uas hu ua "Katyusha". Foob pob ua ntxaij launcher BM-13 twb hu ua thaum lub sij hawm. Tests tau ua rau hli ntuj 17, 1941 nyob rau hauv landfill Sofrinsky uas Chief ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm GK Zhukov, neeg 's Commissar ntawm kws muaj txuj ci, mos txwv thiab riam phom, thiab lwm yam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Red Army. Lub Xya hli ntuj 1 no tub rog cov khoom tau sab laug los ntawm Moscow rau pem hauv ntej. Thiab nyob rau hauv ob lub lis piam, "Katyusha" xyuas thawj kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws. Hitler tau tua yeej nyob rau hauv poob siab los mus kawm txog cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov foob pob ua ntxaij launcher.

Lub Germans ntshai phom thiab raug rau kev ntes nws los yog tua. Npaj siab mus recreate lub designers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tib riam phom yog tsis muaj kev vam meej. Cov neeg zoo li ho tsis tau ceev, peb muaj ib tug chaotic davhlau txoj kev thiab tsis ntaus lub hom phiaj. Gunpowder Soviet lawm yog kom meej meej ntawm ib tug txawv zoo, rau nws cov kev loj hlob tau siv xyoo. German counterparts yuav tsis hloov nws, uas ua rau yus tsis ruaj tsis khov mos txwv.

Cov creation ntawm no haib tshaj riam phom qhib ib nplooj ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm artillery riam phom. Formidable "Katyusha" pib hnav cov mus saib xyuas npe ntawm cov "winning riam phom."

txoj kev loj hlob nta

Foob pob ua ntxaij launchers BM-13 muaj xws li ib tug rau-log thiab plaub-log tsav tsheb tshwj xeeb tsim. Qab lub cockpit twb tsau system rau lub missile community launch rau lub platform, raws li teem tawm muaj. Tshwj xeeb nqa hydraulically tsa rau pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub apparatus ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45 degrees. Chiv tsiv mus rau sab xis los yog mus rau sab laug platform tsis tau muab. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov targeting yuav tsum tau mus siab deploy rau tag nrho cov tsheb. 16 rockets raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ya rau ib tug dawb txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw uas nrhiav tau tus yeeb ncuab. Cov neeg coob ua kev kho me ntsis txawm tias thaum tua. Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, ntau tshaj kev hloov kho ntawm cov riam phom siv los ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub BM-13 nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1950 tuaj reactive pov-hluav taws tshuab (MLRS) BM-14.

Foob pob ua ntxaij launchers "Grad"

Tom qab cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub system yog tus "Grad". Missile system yog tsim rau tib lub hom phiaj raws li lub yav dhau los zoo li kuaj. Tsuas yog nyuab cov neeg ua hauj lwm rau developers. Lub firing ntau yog yuav tsum tau tsawg kawg yog 20 km.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab cuaj luaj koom nyob rau hauv SRI 147, uas txog thaum ces tsis tau tsim xws riam phom. Nyob rau hauv 1958, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm A. Ganicheva nrog kev pab los ntawm lub xeev Committee rau kws muaj txuj ci Technology ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub missile twb launched rau ib tug tshiab installation kho. Yuav kom tsim applied raug artillery zoo li technology. Housings tsim siv cov qauv ntawm cov kub-duab. Stabilization ntawm lub projectile tshwm sim vim tus Tsov tus tw thiab kev sib hloov.

Tom qab heev heev thwmsim nyob rau hauv rockets "Grad" twb xub siv plaub ntawm plaub nkhaus hniav, uas yog qhia thaum pib. Yog li, IB TUG Ganichev tau los xyuas kom meej tias cov missile yog ib feem ntawm tus poj tubular phau ntawv no, thiab nws sib ntaus stabilization system yog zoo tagnrho rau cov shooting ntau ntawm 20km. Lub ntsiab steel makers RI-147, RI-6, 47-GSKB, SKB-203.

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau qhov chaw "Rzhevka" nyob ze Leningrad Lub peb hlis ntuj 1, 1962 thiab ib xyoos tom qab, Lub peb hlis ntuj 28, 1963, txais yuav lub teb chaws tau saws lub "Grad". Foob pob ua ntxaij launcher twb muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 29, 1964

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub "Tsev fuabtais"

SZO MB 21 muaj xws li cov nram qab no hais:

- missile launcher, uas yog kev txhawb on pub chassis "Ural-375" ntawm lub tsheb;

- Qhov hluav taws kub tswj system thiab cov thauj thiab chaw thau khoom tsheb 9T254 rau lub hauv paus ntawm "ZIL-131";

- peb-meter 40 nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv hlab mounted rau hauv lub hauv paus, uas rotates nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav dav hlau thiab mas ntxias.

Aiming yog nqa tawm manually los yog los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob lub hwj chim. Them installation manually. Lub tsheb yuav txav mus them. Shooting yog pov los yog cov kev txhaj tshuaj. Yog hais tias ib tug salvo yog cuam tshuam tseem ceeb heev quab yuam nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1046 square meters nyob rau hauv 40 rounds. m.

Zoo rau "Tsev fuabtais"

Los txo, koj muaj peev xwm siv ntau hom cuaj luaj. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lub tua ntau, qhov loj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hom phiaj. Lawv yuav siv los koom manpower, armored tsheb, mortar roj teeb, aircraft thiab helicopters rau hauv av, tsuas, installation ntawm haus luam yeeb cov ntxaij vab tshaus, xov tooj cua cuam, raug tshuaj lom los ntawm tshuaj.

Modifications ntawm lub system "Grad" ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Ntev-ntau MLRS "Uragan"

Ib txhij nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "Tsev fuabtais" Lub Soviet Union twb koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ntev-ntau dav hlau ntau community launch foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab (MLRS). Ua ntej lub advent ntawm "Nag xob nag cua" txog tej foob pob ua ntxaij launchers P-103, P-110 "Teal", "Korshun". Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb soj ntsuam zoo, tab sis nws tsis yog haib txaus thiab muaj nws cov drawbacks.

Nyob rau hauv lig 1968 nws pib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ntev-ntau 220-hli NWB. Keeb nws twb hu ua "Tsev fuabtais-3». Ib tug tag nrho ntau yam ntawm cov tshiab muaj tau coj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiab tom qab lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci kev lag luam ntawm lub USSR rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 31, 1969. Lub Perm rab phom Hoobkas pes tsawg tus 172 nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1972 ua MLRS "Uragan" tsab. Foob pob ua ntxaij launcher twb txais yuav los ntawm 18 Lub peb hlis ntuj 1975. Tom qab 15 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog nyob 10 foob pob ua ntxaij artillery regiments MLRS "Uragan" thiab ib tug reactive artbrigady.

Nyob rau hauv 2001, raws li "Nag xob nag cua" systems tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub Soviet Union:

- Russia - 800;

- Kazakhstan - 50;

- Moldova - 15;

- Tajikistan - 12;

- Turkmenistan - 54;

- Uzbekistan - 48;

- Ukraine - 139.

Zoo li mus rau lub "Kub" yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau lub mos txwv mus rau lub "Grad". Zoo tib yam Cheebtsam yog ib feem ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij propellant nqi thiab 9M27 9H164. Yuav kom txo tau qhov kev txiav txim ntau yam lawv kuj hnav tus nres lub nplhaib. Lawv ntev yog 4832-5178 hli, thiab poob - 271-280 kg. Funnel nyob rau hauv cov av nruab nrab ceev muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm 8 meters thiab ib tug tob ntawm 3 meters. Firing ntau yam ntawm 10-35 km. Tawg tsam los ntawm rhuav zoo li ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 10 m yuav tshum 6 hli steel barrier.

Vim li cas lub hom phiaj yog "Nag xob nag cua" system? Foob pob ua ntxaij launcher no yog tsim los koom manpower, armored tsheb, artpodrazeleny, tactical missiles, huab cua tiv thaiv systems, helicopters nyob rau hauv chaw nres tsheb, kev sib txuas lus chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov tub rog-industrial lub hom phaj.

Leej MLRS "Smerch"

Lub uniqueness ntawm lub system yog ib tug ua ke ntawm indicators xws li lub hwj chim, ntau yam thiab cov neeg. Lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj MLRS nrog tswj rotating projectiles - foob pob ua ntxaij launcher "Smerch", uas tseem muaj tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws cuaj luaj yuav ncav cuag rau outskirts ntawm cov hom phiaj, uas yog 70 km deb ntawm rab phom. Tshiab MRL tau txais nyob rau hauv lub USSR 19 Kaum ib hlis 1987.

Nyob rau hauv 2001, "Nag xob nag cua," lub system yog nyob rau hauv xws lub teb chaws (yav tas los Soviet Union):

- Russia - 300 tsheb;

- Belarus - 48 tsheb;

- Ukraine - 94 machine.

Lub projectile muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 7600 hli. Nws luj yog 800 kg. Tag nrho cov hom muaj ib tug lossis loj thab thiab puas tsuaj. Poob ntawm roj teeb lub neej "Nag xob nag cua" thiab "Cyclone" yog sib npaug zos rau cov kev ntawm cov tactical nuclear riam phom. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov kev siv yog tsis lub ntiaj teb no hais li thiaj li txaus ntshai. Lawv equated nrog rau riam phom xws li phom los yog tso tsheb hlau luam.

Txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj hwj chim loj "Topol"

Nyob rau hauv 1975, nyob rau lub Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Thermal Technology pib los tsim mobile system uas muaj peev xwm ntawm launching rockets los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd txoj yog tus missile system "Topol". Nws yog ib lo lus teb mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub Soviet Union, tswj los ntawm lub US intercontinental ballistic cuaj luaj (lawv tau txais nyob rau hauv lub US nyob rau hauv 1959).

Cov ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug coj qhov chaw Hlis ntuj nqeg 23, 1983. Thaum lub sij hawm nqa tawm ib tug series ntawm missile launches tsom nws tus kheej raws li ib tug txhim khu kev qha thiab haib tshaj riam phom.

360 "Topol" ceg tau nyob rau hauv 1999, ib tug kaum-txoj hauj lwm qhov chaw.

Txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia tso ib zaug xwb "Topol" cuaj luaj. Txij li thaum lub creation ntawm lub complex tau nqa tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm 50 xeem. Lawv tag nrho cov mus tawm tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov no qhia lub siab tshaj plaws kev ntseeg.

divisional foob pob ua ntxaij launcher "Tochka-U" yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union ua kom puas me me lub hom phaj. Ua hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm no rab phom pib Lub peb hlis ntuj 4, 1968 los ntawm lub Decree ntawm lub Council of Ministers. Ua huaj lwm yog Kolomenskoye KB. Chief Designer - SP Invincible. Rau missile tswj system lub luag hauj lwm CRI AG. Launcher ua Volgograd.

Yuav ua li cas yog SAM

Teeb ntawm ntau yam ua tub rog thiab kev txhais tau tias, uas yog kev cob cog rua ua ke mus rau nrog cov txhais tau tias ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam los ntawm cov huab cua thiab qhov chaw, hu ua lub anti-aircraft missile system (ADMS).

Lawv cov dej num raws li mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog txiav txim, muaj, raws li cov qauv ntawm cov zog thiab aiming, nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntau yam. Cov no muaj xws missile system "Buk" thiab "Koob", "Nkawj" thiab lwm tus neeg. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tsim cov ntawm no hom? Anti-aircraft missile launcher muaj xws li txhais tau tias kev tshawb kawm thiab kev thauj mus los, tsis siv neeg nrhiav aerial lub hom phiaj, tus launcher nto-rau-huab cua missile, foob pob ua ntxaij tswj tsev thiab nws cov kev pab txhawb nqa, saum toj no cov khoom tswj txhais tau tias.

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