Ib lub teeb infantry tank T-18: kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv, kev sib ntaus los siv

Nyob rau hauv lub lig twenties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tuaj thawj Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, xws li ib lub teeb infantry tank T-18 (MS-1), uas twb xub tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis FT-17 thiab nws cov Italian kev hloov kho. Lub npe (lettering) stands xwb. Tsab ntawv "T" qhia qhov tseeb lo lus "tank". T-18 - ib tug Performance index qhov twg kaum yim - serial tooj ntawm cov tsim hom. Qhov thib ob ntawm nws lub npe - MS-1 - nyob rau hauv lub Soviet qhov chaw kuj tshwm sim feem ntau heev es rau "low txij nkawm", daim duab - yog ib tug Performance index ntawm lub thawj qauv nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm no.

zaj dabneeg

Cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog coj cov tub rog liab ntau trophies, cov uas yog cov dawb khwb tso tsheb hlau luam Fabkis ntau lawm. Lawv ua tib zoo kawm thiab txawm tso ib co sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Sormovo Hoobkas, hu nws tus kheej tus xeeb ntxwv, "Reno-Lavxias teb sab." Txawm li cas los, muaj reigned devastation nws tej nyiaj txiag teeb meem, tab sis vim hais tias zoo dua lub sij hawm manufacture cov tso tsheb hlau luam kuav los tiag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias twb txawm laymen to taub hais tias cov qauv no yog ho outdated thiab xav tau los npaj rau tsov rog nrog tus tshiab uas.

Txij li thaum 1925, no thiab coj thawj Soviet designers. tank raug kev, "Reno-Lavxias teb sab", ntawm chav kawm, noj mus rau hauv tus account. Dhau li ntawm tus Soviet-Polish tsov rog coj lwm trophy, uas pab rau tsim lub T-18. Nws yog tus Italian armored tsheb - FIAT-3000. Thiab qhov no tank tau raug kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev npaj kev ntaub ntawv rau tank T-18, nws zoo tshaj plaws zoo tau borrowed. Cuaj kaum, tus kawg kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv prototypes ntau qhia ib tug ncaj loj tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm raug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chassis thiab engine. Yog li, lub T-16 twb tsis kam lees, cov disadvantages rau hauv tus account, thiab nyob rau hauv 1927 muaj ntau npaum li cas vam meej hloov - lub T-18.

kev ntsuam xyuas kom tiav

Me escort lub tank tau kuaj nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1927. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Xya hli ntuj, ib lub teeb tank T-18 txais yuav los ntawm lub Red Army. Peb hu ua nws lub MC-1, piv txwv li, ib tug me me tank them nyiaj yug. Los ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 1928 nws pib nws cov loj lawm, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas "Bolshevik", thiab nws lasted kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm 1931.

Qhuav proschadi coj ib lub teeb tshiab tank - lub T-26, uas yog tseem npaj los txhawb cov infantry. Rau tag nrho cov xyoo (los ntawm 1928 mus 1932) nws twb tso tawm tsis dhau ob peb cov ntawv luam ntawm cov thawj tshuab ntawm cov Soviet txoj kev loj hlob - ze li ntawm ib txhiab, yuav tsum tau pes tsawg - 959. Tus thawj tank - lub T-18 thiab T-26 - ua tiav raws li nws lub hom phiaj - los ua tus thawj. Cuaj kaum, lawv pom txawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Installation thiab cov lag luam

Tus thawj tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tag nrho lawv tej kev tsim yeej yog, ntawm chav kawm, borrowed los ntawm txawv teb chaws manufacturers. Lub Circuit Court kho muaj lub classic kev txiav txim ntawm lub sij hawm. Sib cais ntawm cav thiab iav yog nyob rau hauv lub siab tawv hull, thiab nyob rau nruab nrab, pem hauv ntej chaw ua hauj lwm thiab tsev nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam tso kev tswj ntawm lub tank thiab nws cov riam phom.

Soviet tank T-18 tsis yuav tsum tau heev heev neeg coob nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus nrog nws tiv ob tug neeg: tus commander - nws yog turret gunner - thiab ib tug neeg tsav tsheb. Cov yav tas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, thiab lub xub commander - nyob rau hauv lub nkoj thiab turret, qab tus neeg tsav tsheb. Embarkation thiab disembarkation tau ua los ntawm cov daug mushroom-cap, nce saum toj no tus pej thuam, thiab ib tug kws kho tsheb yuav siv thiab bicuspid daug, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub vaj tse pem hauv ntej.

armor

Armor yog tsis muaj zog, nws yog zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm cov mos txwv (nruab nrab caliber phom loj) thiab los ntawm me me tawg tsam, txij thaum lub tank twb tsim rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Bulletproof. reservation daim ntawv nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tau hais txog tib yam: ib tug ntse kauj ruam, tsis muaj kev pub muab kwv yees. Armored lub cev muaj li ntawm daim ntawv steel kaum millimeters tuab, tag nrho cov ntawv txheeb tau riveted thiab ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab nrog tus ncej.

Aft bronelisty fastened mus rau tus ncej los ntawm bolts cia li kom lawv muaj peev xwm muab tau yooj yim muab tshem tawm yog tias tsim nyog. Lub hauv qab ntawm lub tank thiab lub ru tsev twb tam ib nrab tsawg - muaj tau siv steel ntawv tsawg tshaj li yim millimeters tuab. Pej thuam muaj yuav luag tsis tu ncua hexagon zoo. Txij li thaum 1930, nws muab rau ib tug me me nyob rau hauv lub siab tawv - mus rau lub chaw nres tsheb. Txoj kev turret armor los xij twb kaum millimeters, tab sis lub-ru tsev yog yoog mus rau huab cua ntaus tsis yog - nws yog nyob rau hauv steel yog tsis ntau tshaj li plaub millimeters. Lub frontal ib feem ntawm tus pej thuam muaj loopholes rau nruab cov kev pab cuam. Cov Kabmob Pob pub tus pej thuam mus tig, tab sis ua li ntawd nws yog tsuas yog tau manually, thiab qhov no muab kev koom tes ib tug tank commander.

weaponry

Tej pre-tsov rog tank, nrog ib tug niaj hnub taw tes ntawm view, twb tsis zoo nruab. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub tank SNAP qhia surpassed ntau yam ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Ua ntej, lub ntsiab txhais caj npab ntawm T-18 yog peb caug xya caliber phom Hotchkiss qauv yog ces tsim los ntawm P. Syachintovym phom Hotchkiss-MS. Kuv ntsia nws nyob rau hauv txoj cai los yog sab laug lub ntsej muag ntawm tus pej thuam. Mos txwv muaj cuaj caum-rau missiles, tom qab ntau zog rau ib puas thiab plaub (stockpiled mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub siab tawv - es tsis txhob ntawm xov tooj cua).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws thiab cov koom haum pab caj npab, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib rab phom Fedorov caliber 6.6 hli. Feem ntau khub ob tshuab phom thiab raug ntsia tau rau hauv rab phom-free lub ntsej muag ntawm tus pej thuam. Lawv cia siab rau lub thawv magazine, nyob rau hauv uas muaj 1800 rounds. Txawm tias tom qab lub 1935 tshuab phom nyob rau T-18 twb hloov nrog ib tug DT-29 (7.62). Thawj kuj ua ke, ces ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Cov mos txwv yog tam sim no 2016 rounds nyob rau hauv peb caug-ob disks.

engine

Powerplant ntsws tank T-18 tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug plaub-mob stroke inline plaub-lub tog raj kheej petrol engine Mikulino designer. Cav cua txias yog cov huab cua. Nws lub hwj chim tsis pub tshaj peb caug-tsib horsepower.

Tom qab 1930, boosted engine yuav nyem lub hwj chim ntawm plaub caug, uas ceev nws txav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj (cov kev txwv kev ceev ntawm lub tank yog ntau li ntau raws li nees nkaum-ob kilometers ib teev!). Lub cav yog ntsia transversely nyob rau hauv lub cav-kis tau tus mob compartment, qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau me ntsis txo qhov ntev ntawm lub nkoj. Roj tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv xov tooj ob muaj ib tug ntim ntawm tag nrho cov puas thiab kaum liters. Lawv muab tso rau hauv niches nadgusenichnyh.

kis tau tus mob

Cuaj kaum, lub cav thiab kis tau tus mob ntawm cov thawj Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub siab heev tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Lub teeb Kis T-18 yog ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab hom thiab muaj cov chav nyob thiab mechanisms:

1. Lub ntsiab ib leeg-disk clutch, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhuav sib txhuam.

2. Lub peb-kauj ruam phau ntawv gearbox.

3. Slewing iav (bevel differential hom).

4. Ob tug kab xev nres pab rau braking thiab tig.

5. Lub ob-kab sab kis tau tus mob, kos nyob rau hauv lub hub ntawm lub tsav log.

chassis

Chassis tank rau infantry kev pab txhawb nqa nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm sloths, tsav tsheb log, txhawb kaum plaub doubles roj hmab chais me me lub cheeb thiab rau kuj rubberized ob pab txhawb nqa chais. Tom qab 1930, nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyob rau txhua sab ntawm lub plaub txhawb cov menyuam. Tsheb chais sim nyob rau hauv ob rockers, tshem tawm rau vertical cylindrical caij nplooj ntoos hlav casings kev tiv thaiv.

Pem hauv ntej kev pab txhawb nqa cov menyuam twb mounted cais qib, kev cob cog rua rau pem hauv ntej ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab damping inclined caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Steel springs kuj muaj ob los yog peb pem hauv ntej kev pab txhawb nqa chais. Tus menyuam kab yuav tau npaj los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau - loj units nrog koom tes caj. TSIBCAUG-ib lub tsheb yog ib tus khiav, tsheb dav - peb puas millimeters.

Nyob rau hauv thawj kev sib ntaus

Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam T-18 tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub Red Army li thaum ntxov raws li 1928, doukomplektovyvaya Army infantry units ntawm ntau yam ua tub rog ntawv. Kev cai raus dej ntawm lub tsheb tshiab yog ib tug teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub CER. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1929 nws pib Mishanfusskaya offensive, uas peb infantry txhawb ib zaug kaum tso tsheb hlau luam T-18. Sib ntaus sib tua twb preceded los ntawm ib tug exhausting peb hlis ntuj, mos txwv tso tsheb hlau luam ua tsis tau tejyam rau muab li qub, txawm maps ntawm lub cheeb tsam tsis muaj neeg tua hluav taws.

Cuaj kaum, tus Suav txaus tau rov, thiab tsis muaj T-18 twb tsis poob, tab sis yog tus offensive zog nyob rau hauv kev hmoov zoo Red Army los tsis muaj avail. Tab sis rau cov tank battles ua ib qho zoo heev xeem, uas twb qhia tsis tau tsuas yog zoo, tab sis kuj tsis zoo ntawm no lub tshuab. Lub ntsiab tsis xws luag ntsws tank T-18 twb pom tias tsis muaj kev ceev zog thiab heev me ntsis firepower. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thiab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tankers zarekomendavali zoo, thiab qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub CER presented pov thawj.

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog

Tsis tshua muaj neeg hnav thiab frankly outdated T-18 tso tsheb hlau luam tau ntsib tus Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lawv nkag mus hauv cov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub tank rau lwm, thiab tus so tau raug muab rau cov fortified cheeb tsam. Panzerwaffe harshly tau txais nyob rau hauv ciam teb fights nrog luag nti los ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tsov rog yuav luag tag nrho cov T-18 raug hlawv.

Qhov kawg mention ntawm kev siv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los dekabrom hnub los ntawm 1941, thaum lawv tiv thaiv Moscow: Ib puas thiab fiftieth tank brigade muaj cuaj machines T-18. Laus zoo teeb tso tsheb hlau luam mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub fifties tau txais kev pab raws li nyob ruaj ruaj thiab hluav taws ntsiab lus raws li fortification nyob rau hauv lub Far East. Tej zaum tsuas yog siv lawv yees.

Yog vim li cas T-18?

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, Soviet Russia, raws li tau hais, los kov yeej cov horrific devastation, nws yog kom meej meej tsis mus txog rau zus tau tej cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Raws li peb rov qab, lub restoration thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag yuav mus hais lus cam, yog li ntawd, los ntawm nruab nrab-twenties, peb yuav sib tham txog cov tub rog muaj riam phom Modernization. Nyob rau hauv 1926, raws li peb twb paub tias, nws twb txais yuav los ntawm lub tank-tsev uas tsim los rau peb lub xyoos.

Program qhia rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kev npaj lub koom haum kev kawm lub tuam txhab thiab ib tug tank battalion nrog tso tsheb hlau luam, infantry, thiab cov creation ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab battalion nruab nrog tankettes. Suav yuav tsum tau los ntawm manufacturers ntawm ib puas thiab kaum ob tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua hom. Tom qab lub Red Army kom lub rooj sib tham, GUVP thiab oat (phom-ARSENALNY Trust) tau pom zoo loj lawm yog tsis hnyav, qeeb-mus thiab es tsis zoo armed FT-17, kuj kim heev. Yeej teeb tank infantry escort.

txog cov nyiaj

"Renault-Lavxias teb sab", piv txwv li, nqi lub ces peb caug-rau txhiab rubles, thiab yuav tsum tau siv xwb kaum yim txhiab ib tank, raws li tag nrho cov expenditure yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj li tsib lab rubles. Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom meej tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm lub ruble yog muaj nqis npaum li nrog tus huab tais. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntau npaum li cas niaj hnub no yuav ua ncaj rau txog li ib lab las. Uas yog ib tug peb-xyoo kev pab cuam ntawm lub twenties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nrog yuav tsis leg cov nyiaj txiag lim.

Muaj yog ib tug txawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm hnub no lub tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rau kev hwm mus tsheb ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Peb T-90, piv txwv li, lub Army yog yuav xya caum lab rubles txhua tus lom. American "Abrams" nyob rau hauv lub version pib thaum $ 4.3 lab. Txawm li cas los, equipping lub T-18 yuav piv tsis tau nrog cov T-90. Nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Red Army ua si rau cov thawj Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, peb yuav hais zoo heev.