Morphological yam ntxwv: meej txog lub complex

Koj puas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lo lus "xim", "liab", "dyed", "painting"?

Qhov ntawd yog txoj cai, txhua yam uas lawv yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas cov lus no yog hu ua ib tug homogeneous qeb ntawm cov lus uas muaj ntau nta.

Tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov lus yog kev kawm science, uas yog hu ua tus morphology thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv kab lus - syntax.

Morphological yam ntxwv cia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab counter nominal thiab hais lus qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus. Cov yav tas los xws li lub npe

• Npe. Tus tub, cov me nyuam, xiav, txiab, abstraction. Lawv muaj kev ruaj khov thiab uas tsis yog-tas mus li morphological nta. Los ntawm qhov uas yug los - txiv neej thiab poj niam, cov hom inducement, "tsev neeg lub npe" los sis "vaj tse" (los ntawm cov npe, lub npe, thiab lwm yam), animate los yog tswg. Number thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm npe no yuav hloov, yog li no nta pom tau hais tias tsis ruaj tsis khov.
• Adjectives. Liab, cov me nyuam, xiav, abstract. Qhov morphological nta ntawm lub chaw tsis muaj nyob. Cov lus kiag li zoo rau cov neeg uas lawv nyob ntawm seb.
• Numerals. Ob txhiab ob puas peb caug, tus thawj ib puas thiab plaub caug-plaub. Lawv qhov morphological cim muaj tsuas yog ob tug no. Numerals yuav ua tau yooj yim (tsib, xya, tsib) los yog puas (ob puas thiab nees nkaum ib, ib puas thiab kaum ib). Lwm feature uas txuam nrog rau qhov nqi. Numerals (kaum lab, ib puas) tej zaum yuav qhia tus xov tooj los yog (thib rau, ob tug puas) tus txheej txheem rau cov qhab nia. Me me los yog tsis muaj morphological nta yog cov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ib theem zuj zus tej zaum yuav hloov los ntawm kev yug me nyuam (cov thawj rau ib qho) thiab ua zauv (thib kaum rau, thib kaum). Ib txhia ntau tej zaum yuav txawm sib txawv los ntawm cov tub los ntxhais, ib tug-ib-ib.
• Tej lus. Tag nrho cov, txhua, nws yog, leej twg, tus twg los, ib co. Lawv qhov morphological nta: lub paug tus kheej (kuv, peb, lawv, thiab lwm yam), thiab tsis zoo (tsis muaj), thiab lwm yam Tag nrho lwm cov cim nyob ntawm seb cov lus uas qhov chaw yog kev kawm, thiab, yog li ntawd, yog impermanent.

Morphological nta ntawm qhov qhia txog kev yog fundamentally sib txawv ntawm cov npe ntawm qhov chaw hais lus. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov qhia txog kev (mus dhia, dhia, tackle) qhia ib tug txiav txim los yog lub xeev (pw tsaug zog). Nws qhov morphological cim:

• Saib. Yog hais tias ib tug txiav txim tau twb tau cog lus los yog muaj ib tug ciam teb, ib tug txwv, nws yog - lub zoo meej daim ntawv hu nkauj, khawb tawm thiab xa mus. Yog hais tias qhov kev txiav txim tseem, nws yog - ib tug neeg txhaum daim ntawv: hu nkauj, khawb, xa.
• Reflexivity: ntxuav ntxuav.
• Transience. Tej zaum cov lag luam nyaij (kis) nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Piv txwv li: xim ib tug phab ntsa, sau ib tsab ntawv, mus noj porridge. Nws - transitive verbs. Tej zaum qhov no tshwm sim yog tsis yooj yim sua. Peb yuav tsis tau hais tias "mus kev nws tus kheej," tab sis nws yog ua tau - "mus hla tus aub."
• Conjugation. Verbs nws yog yog tus thawj (los txiav txim mus hu nkauj, los kom tiv thaiv) los yog ob (painting, kho, haus dej haus).

Lwm cov nta ntawm qhov qhia txog kev - fickle.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus muaj lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej morphological nta. Piv txwv li, yeej tsis adverb yog tsis tau hloov, interjection yuav muab tau los uas tsis yog-derivative, etc.

Tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb cov science uas yog hu ua morphology.