Tiabsis cov npe. Cov kev cai thiab fused defisnogo sau complex npe

Tsim kom muaj txoj compound npe tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug semantic integer ntau (feem ntau yog ob) ywj siab qhov chaw. Lawv tus cwj pwm yuav ua ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, ob qho tib si ntawm nws tus kheej thiab cov kev pab. Muab lawv nyob rau tsab ntawv nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Hais txog yuav ua li cas sau ntawv cov lus no, peb mam li tham hnub no.

Thawj hais tias dab tsi yog qhov kev xaiv. Tiabsis cov npe nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yuav tsum muab sau los ntawm ib tug hyphen los yog ua ke, los yog nyias. Hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas lies nyob rau hauv lub qho uas txawv ntawm cov kev xaiv - highlight lus rau ib tsab ntawv. Lo lus no yog sib cais los ntawm tej qhov chaw, thiab lawv tej feem sau ua ke. Txawm li cas los, rau daim ntawv thov ntawm txoj cai no nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lub fact tias cov holistic lus lus thiab lawv ob peb ua ke yog tsis ib txwm kom meej meej heev txwv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib thiab fused sau ntawv, muaj poluslitnoe los yog defisnoe. Ib tug hyphen yog siv los cais lus nyob rau hauv lub feem (e.g., Thaum tshav kub kub-noog), los yog combines nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev feem ntawm cov kab lus (ntawv tseeb txawj sau ntawv). Tom qab nyeem ntawv no tsab xov xwm, koj yuav kawm tau li cas sau ntawv ib qho kev compound npe.

fused sau ntawv

Fusion cov lus sau yog tsim siv ib tug coupling consonants. Qhov no muaj xws li tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawv nrog nws pib, aero, aviation, zaj duab xis, motorcycles, photography, txoj kev, hluav taws xob, meteorological, lub tso suab, agro, hydro, micro, bio, zoo, neo, macro. Muaj ntau cov piv txwv, ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv: lnozagotovka, ua teb, dej, tshav dav hlau, sib xeem khiav, rally, duab, lub cev muaj zog, velomotogonki, macrocosm.

Tiabsis cov npe sau raws li ib lo lus, yog hais tias lawv toj thiab lawv muaj cov thawj feem ntawm qhov qhia txog kev xaus nyob rau hauv s. Piv txwv: paliurus spina-christi, Adonis, wryneck, Derzhimorda, hoarder, flirt, romp.

Defisnoe sau ntawv

Hyphenated compound npe yuav tsum tau sau ib daim ntawv yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug nqi ntawm ib lo lus thiab nws muaj 2 npe siv ntawm nws tus kheej kev cob cog rua niam e los yog. Piv txwv: virago, firebird, ib tug Cafe-tsev noj mov, ib diesel cav, Major-General, lub Prime Minister, tus Buryat-Mongolia. Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, declination lo lus hloov xwb tus thib ob tus.

Los ntawm txoj cai no muaj xws li cov nram qab no piv txwv: kev yuav thiab muag, nyeem ntawv chav, sawfish, ib tug zoo ntxhais-tub, tus Moscow River. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, ob qho tib si npe hloov thaum poob.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug hyphen yuav tsum tau sau lub npe ntawm nom tswv tiam sis thiab ob tog yog tivthaiv raws li zoo raws li lawv pab. Piv txwv li: Social Democrat kev cai ywj pheej anarchosyndicalism, anarcho- syndicalist.

complex units

Defisnoe sau ntawv no yeej muaj tseeb yog hais tias peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog complex units. Nws tsis hais tias nws yog ib tus tsim ib tug complex nrog ib tug txuas cim los yog tsis. Piv txwv: kilomatt-teev, tuj-kilometer txiv neej-hnub. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj cai muaj kev zam - nws yog ib lo lus ntawm lub workday, uas yuav tsum tau sau raws li ib lo lus.

Lwm yam mob defisnogo sau ntawv

Peb mus txuas ntxiv mus xav txog spelling compound npe. Ib tug hyphen yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm yam lus lub npe thiab Lavxias teb sab intermediate qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Piv txwv: sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj, thiab lwm yam ...

Hyphenated lus sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke uas muaj ib tug nqi ntawm npe yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub ob peb ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv:

a) qhov qhia txog kev siv nyob rau hauv tus kheej daim ntawv (paj hlub-tsis-hlub, tus nroj tsuag yog ib tug uas tsis yog-kov-kuv);

b) cov union (cog willow-nplej);

c) kev zam txim rau (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Rostov-on-Don, Frankfurt).

Txawv teb chaws-lus hais feem ntau muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kev cai feem ntau khom nyias. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv defisnoe sau compound npe yog muaj tseeb, yog hais tias tus thawj feem ntawm cov - hais lwm yam lus hais no tsis yog-commissioned, ober, vice, lub tsev hauv paus, ex. Piv txwv li nram qab no: Lub neej Medic, sergeant, Hmoob tus tswv, qub zus, tus lwm thawj, lub tsev hauv paus.

Spelling ntawm compound nouns, cov thawj ntawm cov uas - tas nrho cov

Yog hais tias cov thawj feem ntawm ib tug compound lo lus -. Pol (lub ntsiab lus "ib nrab"), thiab ua raws li los ntawm ib tug noun nyob rau hauv R. n uas pib nrog cov tsiaj ntawv "k", los yog ib tug cim, nws yuav tsum sau ntawv defisnoe. Piv txwv ib nrab kua, ib nrab tig, txiv qaub-pem teb. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, complex npe sau ua ke. Piv txwv: rau ib nrab ib teev, ib nrab ib 'meter', ib nrab ntawm cov chav tsev. Txawm li cas los, hais tias tom qab tag nrho yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo lub npe, nws yuav tsim nyog siv ib lub hyphen yog hais tias tus compound npe nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj. Piv txwv: ib tug ib nrab-European, ib nrab ntawm Moscow. Ua ke ib txwm sau cov lo lus uas pib nrog ib tug semi. Piv txwv: ib tug semi-kos lub voj voog, nres, ib nrab ib mais ntawm lub nroog.

Nta highlight daim ntaub ntawv

Yog hais tias rau defining lo lus-lo lus tam sim ntawd raws li nram no rau daim ntawv thov, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv ib tug hyphen. Piv txwv: Anika lub Warrior, Mary-rezvushka, niam-laus poj niam.

Yog hais tias ib tug lo lus daim ntawv thov uas tau tiag tiag yuav tsum muab piv ib yam rau ib qho chaw, raws li cov determined lo lus, lub hyphen yog tsis muab. Piv txwv li: zoo nraug tub.

Yog hais tias daim ntawv thov los yog txhais lo lus hyphenated, nws yuav tsis muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li: Social ywj pheej Mensheviks.

Lavxias teb sab tivthaiv lub npe

Hyphenated compound npe yuav tsum tau sau ib daim ntawv, uas raug tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv ob lub npe, uas yog, thaum twg, thaum ua ke, daim ntawv compound npe. Piv txwv: Skvortsov- Stepanov, Roman-Korsakov, Andersen Nexo, Mendelsohn-Bartholdi li al.

United nrog nicknames tus kheej npe thiab surnames yog sau ntawv nrog lawv nyias. Piv txwv: ntsaum Hangman, Vanya Ka-ees, Ilya Murometz.

Txawv teb chaws lus tivthaiv lub npe

Nws yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau ib tug khiav ceev ntawm lub qhov chaw ntawm cov lo lus, yog hais tias peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog cov neeg tivthaiv npe, nyob rau hauv uas tus thawj ib feem ntawm cov neeg dawb huv los yog Saint. Piv txwv :. St-Sanz, Neeg dawb huv, Saint-Simon, etc. Nws yuav tsum tau tseem yuav sau oriental tus kheej lub npe (as, Turkish, etc.) Yuav kom ib tug zaum kawg los yog thawj zaug ib feem ntawm lub social raws li txoj cai, tsev neeg sib raug zoo, thiab lwm yam piv txwv .: Osman pacha, tsev pheeb suab-BEY, Tursunzade Ibn Fadlan li al.

Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau clarified tias cov hyphenated compound npe, thawj feem ntawm uas yog Don, sau xwb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lub npe yog tsis siv cais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Piv txwv: Quixote, Don Giovanni. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus lo lus "Don" muaj cov ntsiab lus "tus tswv los", nws yuav tsum tau sau nyias. Piv txwv: Don Basilio, Don Pedro.

Nws tseem yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account tias tus hais thiab cov khoom uas yog ib feem ntawm lwm yam lus npe sau tsis muaj ib tug hyphen, piv txwv li nyias. Piv txwv: le Chapelier, von Bismarck, De Valera, de Coster, Lopé de Vega, Leonardo da Vinci, von der Goltz, Baudouin de Courtenay. Hais thiab cov khoom, uas yog tsis siv tsis tau lub npe ntawm no hom yuav tsum tau sau ib daim ntawv nrog ib tug hyphen. Piv txwv li: Van Dyke.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ib co lwm yam txawv teb chaws hais lus npe muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab hloov lwm lub tsev. Hais thiab cov khoom sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lawv, txawm lub fact tias lawv sau ntawv yuav phua rau hauv uas tsim nyog lus. Piv txwv: Delisle Candolle, La Harpe, Lafontaine. Sau ntawv compound nouns, npe yog txawv teb chaws tuaj, raws li koj pom, nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov nuances. Peb tau pom tias lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav sab laug mus rau qhia txog lub caij nyoog kawg no xwb.

Thov tsum paub hais tias lub npe ntawm qhov sib txawv pawg tsis cob cog rua txhua lwm yam los ntawm hyphens, zoo li ib tug Lavxias teb sab lub xeem, lub npe thiab patronymic. Piv txwv li: Julius Caesar.

Peb tig tam sim no rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov zaub rau hauv tsab ntawv ntawm thaj npe.

Thaj npe li ntawm ob npe

Lawv sau ntawv nrog ib tug hyphen yog muaj li ntawm ob npe. Piv txwv: Kamenetz-Podolsk, Orekhovo-, Lub plawv Pob zeb. Tib yam siv rau lo lus muaj ib tus ua raws li los ntawm ib tug chaw. Piv txwv: Gus Crystal, Mogilev-Podolsky, Moscow-khoom.

Lwm yam mob defisnogo sau ntawv thaj npe

Hyphenated yuav tsum tau sau ntawv ua ke nrog muaj hais los yog tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus. Piv txwv li nram qab no: Gulf ntawm De Castries, lub nroog ntawm La Carolina, lub nroog ntawm Le Creusot.

Hyphenated npe uas raug sau koom yog hais tias lawv muaj raws li cov thawj feem: lub qaum, salt-, UST, thiab lwm yam Tib yam siv rau ib co ntawm cov npe ntawm cov thawj feem ntawm lub Lower, upper-, ib tug Laus, tshiab .. -. thiab hais txog, tsuas yog thaum nyob maps los yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv reference daig conjoint sau ntawv .. Piv txwv: Top-Irmen, Sol-Iletsk, UST-Abakan, New Vyazniki, tab sis: Maloarkhangelsk, Novosibirsk, Novoalekseevka, Starobelsk.

Yog hais tias lub npe qhov chaw uas yog tivthaiv, tsim ntawm cov npe ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug geographic kwv nrog txuas cim los yog tsis muaj nws, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj muab tso dashes. Piv txwv: Alsace-Lorraine, Austro-Hungary. Exception - Czechoslovakia.

Cais sau ntawv thaj npe

Txawm li cas los, thaj npe, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub yuav tsum tau sau nyias. Qhov no siv feem ntau rau cov lus uas muaj ib qho chaw raws li los ntawm ib tus; los yog hais tias ib tus ua raws li los ntawm ib tug tus nab npawj. Piv txwv: Nizhny Tagil, Dawb Lub tsev teev ntuj, lub Xya kwv tij, Yasnaya Polyana.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyias yuav tsum tau sau npe yog hais tias lawv yog ob peb ua ke ntawm thawj lub npe thiab patronymic, lub npe thiab lub xeem. Piv txwv: Yerofey Pavlovich chaw nres tsheb sib haum Lev Tolstoy.

Cov npe ntawm lub zos nrog rau cov thib ob yog ib feem DEG los yog -City

Ua ke no sau cov npe ntawm lub zos, yog tus thib ob yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov pab los yog -City DEG. Piv txwv: Ivangorod Uzhhorod, Bilgorod, Kaliningrad, Leningrad.

spellings

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm ib co lus uas nyuaj uas nyob rau hauv cov lus ntev los no, oscillations muaj cai. Piv txwv: cov tsheb thiab cov chaw nres tsheb hauv qhov chaw, thiab tonne-kilometer tonne-kilometer, thiab tonnazhesutki tonnage-ib hnub twg. Cov sau variations yog piav los ntawm tus xub ntiag ntawm lub txuas niam (tons-o-nqi, lub tsheb-of-qhov chaw). Yog li, lawv yog los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev sau cov lus uas nyuaj. Nws yog preferable sau lawv ua ke.

Yog li, peb soj ntsuam fused thiab defisnoe sau ntawv compound npe. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb tham txog xwb lub ntsiab txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv no lub npe, muaj ntau ntau yam nuances, ces nws yuav tau zoo tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov yooj yim, peb muab tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog txaus sau kom nyuab npe.