Maxim Gorky. Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm lub neej thiab creativity

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "M. Iab. Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm lub neej thiab creativity "occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm ntawm lub ntaub ntawv. Tus kws sau ntawv yog ib tug ntawm cov brightest cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus tshiab romantic sib ntawm 19-20 centuries, nws yog tus tsim ntawm socialist realism nyob rau hauv lub Soviet ntaub ntawv. Nws biography yog tsis muaj tsawg interesting tshaj nws tej hauj lwm: nws yog tag nrho ntawm kev txom nyem, ua zog, nriaj, los ntawm kev uas tus sau coj thaum lub sij hawm nws nyuaj lub neej.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet sau ntawv yog iab. Sib lawv liag lub rooj, mob siab rau nws biography yuav tsum muaj xws li cov yooj yim, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws theem ntawm nws lub neej, cov thawj ntawm cov uas yog nws cov me nyuam tseem yau thiab cov hluas. Lub neej yav tom ntej nto moo txawj sau ntawv tau yug los nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod nyob rau hauv 1868. Nws mus ntev los ua ib tug me nyuam ntsuag thiab raug coj mus rau ib tug nruj yawg. Vim kev xav tau ntawm cov me nyuam tub muaj peev xwm kom tiav qhov lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws twb yuam kom lossi ua hauj lwm mus khwv tau ib tug nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub 1880s, nws nyob rau hauv Kazan, qhov uas nws unsuccessfully sim mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv; Ntawm no nws ua phooj ywg nrog lub populists thiab txawm raug ntes.

Thaum pib ntawm creativity

Gorky, ib tug sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm qhov biography uas yog qhov kev kawm ntawm no los xyuas, muaj tej ntau teeb meem thiab kev nyuaj siab ua ntej los ua nto moo raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv. 1890 pib ib lub tshiab rau theem nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no xyoo caum, nws mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, mus xyuas rau sab qab teb, pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau tus neeg teev ntawv. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nws yog nws thawj thawj phau ntawv kev: nws sau nws cov dab neeg, luam tawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm nws haiv neeg lub nroog, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub nyob sib ze thaj chaw. Nws tau ntsib cov Tolstoy thiab Chekhov, nws tej hauj lwm kos cov xim uas txawj nyeem ntawv thiab critics.

ua yeeb yam

Vidnym playwright thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, yog iab. Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm nws lub neej yuav tsum muaj xws li no tshiab theem nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub 1900s, nws sim nws txhais tes rau kev sau ntawv plays, uas coj nws tsis tau tsuas yog lub teb chaws thoob plaws, tab sis kuj nyob sab Europe koob meej ( "Filixatee", "Lub Lower Depths"). Cov hauj lwm uas muab tso rau hauv cov uas lub theaters, tus tub hluas thiab feemxyuam playwright tham txog raws li ib tug tshiab koj sau phau ntawv ntawm peb lub sij hawm.

Cov nram qab no tshab xyuas lub loj milestones M.Gorky lub neej.

mus txawv teb chaws

Los ntawm 1906 mus 1913 tus txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv exile. Txawm li cas los, nws pom ib tug ntse txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab txawm ua ntej nws ncaim los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Labor Party. Txawv teb chaws, nws yog sau ntawv rau tus tshiab, uas cim pib ntawm socialist realism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo rau nws ntawv tej hauj lwm ntawm Maxim Gorky. Sib lawv liag rooj yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam no tshiab theem nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Tus sau sau tau ib trilogy txog nws thaum yau, kev ua hluas thiab ua neeg laus los ntawm kev ua si nyob rau hauv ib daim duab daim ntawv txhua yam uas nws yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev nyiaj thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo ntawm wandering, deprivation thiab kev txom nyem.

rov qab

Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig coj cov muaj teeb meem txawj sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws yog ib tug ally ntawm lub Bolsheviks, txawm li cas los, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv tej kev cai ntawm intellectuals. Nws nkag mus hauv pej xeem lub neej, thiab ua tsaug rau nws lub dag zog thiab lub zog ntawm ntau zaum, sau ntawv dim kev txom nyem thiab starvation. Maxim Gorky, ib tug sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm lub neej uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, mus txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm kev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub 1920s, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb vim hais tias ntawm ideological sib txawv nrog cov neeg sab nrauv. Nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam European lub zos, thaum lub Soviet tsoom fwv tau caw nws tuaj rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Gorky lub neej yuav tsum muaj xws li cov theem kawg ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1930 nws rov qab mus rau lub Soviet Union, los ua active, pab mus rau consolidation ntawm lub socialist kev taw qhia ntawm sau ntawv. Rau nws teg num, muaj lawv cov thawj congress uas ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv sib tau tshaj tawm tias lub hom thiab tsuas yog ib tug. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv 1936. Qhov kev tshwm sim xaus lub sib lawv liag lub rooj. Gorky lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws yog reflected nyob rau hauv txoj kev daim ntawv rau yooj yim ntawm kev cim cia.