Lub molecular qauv thiab lub zog

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntau atoms muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug bound daim ntawv no, txoj kev ua ib tug tshwj xeeb thaum lawv tseem, hu ua molecules. Txawm li cas los, inert gases, pum nws lub npe, tsim monatomic units. Lub molecular qauv ntawm qhov teeb meem feem ntau yuav covalent bonds. Tab sis muaj kuj thiaj li hu ua conditionally tsis muaj zog cov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov atoms. Cov molecules yuav ua tau loj loj, muaj li ntawm lab ntawm cov atoms. Qhov twg yog muaj xws li ib tug complex molecular qauv? Piv txwv - ib tug plurality ntawm organic tshuaj, xws li cov nqaijrog thiab DNA quaternary qauv.

tsis muaj tshuaj

Covalent bonds uas tuav atoms ua ke, yog tsis tshua muaj zog. Tab sis lub cev thaj chaw ntawm ib yam khoom uas nyob ntawm seb qhov no, lawv yog nyob ntawm seb van ua dawb Waals rog thiab hydrogen bonds, uas muab kev sis raug zoo ntawm ib sab lug ntawm cov tawg tsam rau txhua lwm yam. Lub molecular qauv ntawm ib cov kua, cov roj los yog cov khoom tshuaj legkoplavyaschihsya piav txog cov lub xeev ntawm aggregation, nyob rau hauv uas peb coj raws li lawv tej lub kub. Yuav kom hloov hauv lub xeev ntawm teeb meem, tsuas kub los yog txias. Covalent bonds yog tsis tau tawg.

Ib thaj tsam ntawm lub pib txheej txheem

Yuav ua li cas mus siab los qis ntsiab lus yuav gasification thiab melting? Nws nyob rau ntawm lub zog ntawm intermolecular kev sib tshuam. Hydrogen bonds nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj muaj zog kub hloov sau ua ib pawg xeev. Qhov loj qhov molecule, qhov ntau lawv van ua dawb Waals kev sib tshuam, qhov nyuaj nws yog los ua ib tug khoom kua los yog kua roj.

ammonia nta

Feem ntau ntawm cov paub tshuaj yog tsis dej soluble nyob rau tag nrho. Thiab cov neeg uas tseem yaj, INTERACTIONS, feem ntau nrog rau tsim ntawm tshiab hydrogen bonds. Piv txwv li - ammonia. Nws yog tau mus ua txhaum lub hydrogen bonds ntawm dej lwg me me thiab ntse tsim lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv parallel, lub ion pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis nws tsis ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm ammonia. Yeej ammonia yuav hydrogen bonds los ntawm tus txheej txheem no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tib yam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qhia, cov txheej txheem yuav, nyob rau hauv tej yam kub thiab siab feem ntau yuav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Lwm yam soluble tshuaj, xws li ethanol thiab qab zib, kuj txig txuas c dej los ntawm txoj kev intermolecular kev sib tshuam.

lwm yam ua rau

Solubility nyob rau hauv cov organic kua yog muab los ntawm txoj kev Van ua dawb Waals bonds. Kom sis Hnyav li lawm. Solute molecules khi rau nws tsim tau ib homogeneous sib tov nyob rau hauv tsos. Heev ntau tseem ceeb heev dab muaj tau ua tau ua tsaug rau cov thaj chaw ntawm organic tshuaj.

Toku - tsis muaj

Yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntawd tsis muaj cai hluav taws xob? Molecular qauv tsis pub! Rau simultaneous zog ntawm tus tam sim no yuav tsum tau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm electrons, ib yam ntawm cov "ua liaj ua teb" ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov hlau, uas tsis yog-hlau, tiam sis yuav luag tsis tshwm sim. Thaum tus ciam nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov khoom yog semiconductor ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug conductivity nyob rau cov ib puag ncig.

Ib tug ntau lub cev dab thiaj yuav yooj yim piav qhia, yog tias muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog lub molecular qauv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Aggregate lub xeev zoo to taub los ntawm niaj hnub physics.