Inerts - general tswv yim, khoom thiab cov kev siv

Inert gases kuj hu ua noble, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab pab pawg ntawm lub yim pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic system. Ntawm uas muaj tsuas yog rau: Helium (Nws), neon (Tsis muaj), argon (Ar), xenon (Xe), thiab saib puas muaj radon (RN). Yuav kom to taub qhov, thawj xav txog lub tswvyim ntawm inertia. Inertness - ib tug tsis muaj zog qhia los yog tsis muaj peev xwm yuav hnov mob nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj hais. Ua ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tshiab mus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog zoo tsis yooj yim sua.

Raws li, ib tug inert roj - yog ib tug tsawg noble monatomic roj muaj ib tug siab inertia, uas yog vim lub energetically ruaj khov lwm theem electron plhaub ntawm lub atom. Piv txwv li, Helium nyob rau hauv no plhaub pov tseg ob electrons thiab lwm yam noble gases - yim. Qhov no qhia rau lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Tag nrho inert gases nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob gases yog tsis muaj kob, ntxhiab thiab tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lawv boiling kub thiab melting ntsiab lus yog nce raws li ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv loj ntawm lub atoms.

Kom txog rau thaum 1962, zaum twb ntseeg hais tias tag nrho cov noble gases yog kiag li inert. Tab sis Canadian chemist N. Bartlett yuav ua pov thawj tsis pub, tau txais thawj tshuaj compound ntawm xenon, ib tug thiaj li hu ua geksaftoroplatinat xenon. Qhov no compound yog ib tug txiv kab ntxwv khoom nrog ib tug siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo. Tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tebchaw tau zoo heev txhab.

Lub loj heev thiab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Nyob rau hauv lub ntug ntawm lub noble roj Helium yog lub feem ntau, thiab nyob rau hauv terrestrial tej yam kev mob - argon (los ntawm volume nws occupies 0,934%). Nyob rau hauv heev me me ntawm inert gases pom nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab gases ntuj combustible cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv yaj tau daim ntawv pom nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab dej.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, noble gases yuav tsum generated raws li ib tug tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam nuclear tshua. Piv txwv li, lub qhov chaw ntawm tus ntxhiab yog tej uranium tshuaj. Ib txhia ntawm cov tshuaj muaj COSMOGENIC keeb kwm.

Tag nrho inert gases dua li Rawdon, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm isotopes.

Stocks ntawm cov gases yog tsis txo. Nws tsuas maj, heev maj mam dissipated rau hauv interstellar qhov chaw.

daim ntawv thov

Inert gases yog lug siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Argon, nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub siab ntseeg lawm xwb thiab tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog nitrogen rau sau fais teeb. Argon thiab neon-sau raj rau lub teeb commercials, thiab lawv ci xiav, thiab neon - txiv kab ntxwv-liab.

Lwm Argon yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj laboratories. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, nws tau pom daim ntawv thov rau thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob ntawm cov hlau yooj yim oxidizable. Lub argon muab ib tug tiv cua nyob rau hauv uas ua lub vuam los yog txiav tsis tshua muaj thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau smelting tungsten, titanium, zirconium. Yuav kom tswj tau cua tshuab siv tej isotopes ntawm argon.

Krypton thiab xenon muaj ib tug tseem qis thermal conductivity tshaj Argon, li ntawd, uas muaj cov teeb check thiab yig dua li cov uas muaj nitrogen los yog argon.

Divers ua pa ib tug sib tov ntawm Helium thiab oxygen, uas muaj peev xwm ho lengthen lub caij ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv dej thiab dramatically txo cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm los hloov nyob rau hauv siab thaum lub sij hawm mus qaum ntuj mus rau qhov chaw.

Kua Helium yog siv raws li refrigerant nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, vim cov roj kub yog lub kub -268,9 ° C.

Tag nrho cov inertia khoom teejtug uas yog cov Helium siv rau Vuam nyob rau hauv nws cov cua, rau zus tau tej cov high-kev coj dawb huv co, chromatography. Thiab nws tau tsim high permeability los detectors nyob rau hauv lub apparatus tsawg tsawg thiab siab siab.