Lub lom tseem ceeb ntawm mitosis

Lub lom tseem ceeb ntawm mitosis yog heev. Neposveschennomu txawm ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam lub luag hauj lwm ua si nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug yooj yim txheej txheem ntawm cell division nyob rau hauv lub cev. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb los mus qhia - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv muaj nuj nqi, tus lwm. Yog tsis muaj qhov no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua continuation ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, ua rau cov pejxeem ntawm ib leeg-celled kab mob yuav tsis tsim, thiab lub txuas ntxiv hav zoov loj multicellular kab mob, yog tsis yooj yim sua li kev sib deev tu tub tu kiv los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej tshiab thiab ib tug fertilized qe.

Lub lom tseem ceeb ntawm mitosis yuav tsawg npaum li cas yog hais tias tus cell division tsis yog tus essence ntawm feem ntau noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lom dab. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj xws li ntau yam yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub cell. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no yog yuav tsum tau sib npaug ntawm cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hauv paus ntawm ib tug tib cell nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm doubling DNA rau tom qab yug me nyuam rau niam txiv cell rau ob tus ntxhais.

Tag nrho lub neej ntawm ib tug cell peev xwm yuav xaus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug subsidiary rau nws tom ntej division rau hauv ob. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv biology ua lub npe hu ua "cell voj voog".

Tus heev thawj theem ntawm mitosis - ib tug zoo npaj rau cell division. Lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas lub hlwb yog muab tej txiaj ntsim tsuab ua ncaj kev npaj rau division, hu ua interphase. Nws tshwm sim rau tag nrho cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - uas yog, tus doubling ntawm cov DNA xaam thiab lwm yam, raws li zoo raws li lub synthesis ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm cov protein. Yog li, lub cell chromosomes yog ob npaug, thiab txhua tus ib nrab ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau chromosome no yog hu ua "chromatid".

Tom qab interphase pib ncaj qha tus txheej txheem ntawm kev faib - mitosis. Nws, dhau lawm, yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tag nrho cov ntsia ncav us txog symmetrically nyob rau hauv lub tawb, yog li ntawd tom qab lub tsim ntawm lub hauv paus muab faib nyob rau hauv txhua tshiab cell tsim tib yam pes tsawg tus ntawm Cheebtsam seem.

Cov theem ntawm mitosis thiab meiosis yog zoo sib xws, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no (los ntawm paub faib kab hlwb) muaj ob pawg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws puv tawm tsis yog ob tug, tab sis plaub kletki "tus ntxhais." Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej lub thib ob division offline chromosome doubling, li ntawd, lawv ib nrab set nyob rau hauv tus ntxhais lub hlwb.

1. Prophase. Nyob rau hauv no theem, hlwb centrioles yog heev pom. Lawv tsuas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cell ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj centrioles.
2. prometaphase. Thaum no tus taw tes nws xaus prophase thiab metaphase pib.
3. Metaphase. Thaum no tus taw tes, lub chromosomes pw rau hauv lub "ncaj" ntawm lub cell.
4. Anaphase. Chromosomes ncaim mus txawv tug.
5. Telophase. Ib tug cell-lub "niam" yog muab faib los ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug central muab faib ua ob kletki "tus ntxhais." Yog li ua tiav lub cell division los yog mitosis.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lom tseem ceeb ntawm mitosis - yog raws nraim tib yam division ntawm lub duplicated chromosomes mus rau hauv 2 sib npaug zos qhov chaw thiab muab lawv nyob rau hauv ob kletki "tus ntxhais." Ntau hom kev hlwb thiab lub hlwb ntawm ntau yam kab mob muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm xws li division - mitosis, tab sis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nws yuav siv sij hawm txog ib thiab ib nrab teev. Muaj ntau ntau yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam no heev taus cov txheej txheem. Tej kev hloov ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, e.g., ambient kub, lub teeb theem hom, lub siab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug kab tsiaj txhuv thiab hlwb li no ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb tej zaum yuav ho cuam tshuam rau ob lub caij thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cell division. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij ntawm mitosis thiab tag nrho nws cov neeg theem yuav ua tau ncaj qha nyob rau cov ntaub so ntswg hom, nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas nws hais.

Lub lom tseem ceeb ntawm mitosis nrog txhua tshiab foundations nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cytology yuav ntau nqi, vim hais tias tsis muaj tus txheej txheem no yuav ua tsis tau lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw.