Lub dielectric qhov ntawm cov huab cua raws li ib tug lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis

Raws li yog lub npe hu, cov huab cua nyob ib ncig ntawm peb yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob peb gases, yog li ntawd nws yog ib tug zoo insulator. Nyob rau hauv kev, vim li no, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuav tsum tau rau ntxiv insulating khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom nyob ib ncig ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi yog qhov dielectric permeability ntawm huab cua. Tiam sis ua ntej, tej zaum, pib nrog ib tug txhais ntawm yog dab tsi yog meant ntawm lub sij hawm "dielectric".

Tag nrho cov tshuaj nyob ntawm seb lub peev xwm rau kev hluav taws xob tam sim no conditionally muab faib ua peb pawg loj: conductors, semiconductors thiab insulators. Thawj muaj ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus kam mus rau lub khiav cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov them hais rau lawv. Qhov loj tshaj cov pab pawg neeg ntawm - ib tug hlau (txhuas, tooj liab, hlau). Qhov thib ob conductive nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob (silicon germanium). Zoo, cov hluav taws xob kuj ntawm lub thib peb thiaj li loj hais tias tus tam sim no tsis dhau lawv nyob rau. Ib tug piv txwv - cov huab cua.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum lub substance tau txais mus rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub electric teb cheeb tsam? Rau conductors teb yog cuab kev - ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no (ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug raug kaw voj uas muab lub "txoj kev" rau tus hais). Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias txoj kev sib txawv xwb sis. Sib txawv kiag li dab tshwm sim raws li qhov raug teb nyob rau dielectric khoom. Thaum kawm txog tus sis ntawm hais nrog hluav taws xob xwb, nws twb tau pom hais tias lub dag lub zog ntawm kev sis raug zoo nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zauv tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov ib puag ncig, cais lawv. Qhov no tseem ceeb feature yog hu ua "dielectric qhov ntawm cov khoom." Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug kho lus zoo tshaj, vim nws twb tsis dimension. Nws yog txhais raws li tus piv ntawm tus quab yuam kev sis raug zoo nyob rau hauv vacuo mus rau ib tug nqi nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam. Lub cev lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm "dielectric qhov" nram qab no: Qhov no tus nqi qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm attenuation ntawm lub electric teb ntawm lub dielectric khoom raws li muab piv rau lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov ua rau ntawm no phenomenon lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov molecules ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis expend zog teb nyob rau hauv lub conductivity ntawm tus hais, thiab polarization.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub dielectric qhov ntawm huab cua yog kev sib sau. Ib tug ntau los yog ib tug me ntsis? Wb fim nws. Tam sim no muaj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau cia siab rau lawv tus kheej hais txog zauv tus nqi ntawm permeability rau lub feem ntau yam raws li cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab nyob rau hauv lub duas paub ntxhuav. Los ntawm txoj kev, precisely vim hais tias ntawm xws li ib tug lub rooj yog coj sab nraum ib tug nqi ntawm ib tug. Lub dielectric qhov ntawm huab cua yog yuav luag 8 lub sij hawm tsawg dua, piv txwv li, Micarta. Paub no, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov nqi thiab qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum xam los ntawm virtue ntawm lawv kev sis raug zoo nrog cov proviso cua sib cais nruab nrab los yog phaj Micarta.

Cov mis rau lub hwj chim:

F = (Q1 * Q2) / (4 * 3,1416 * E0 * Lawv * (r * r)),

qhov twg Q1 thiab Q2 - xwb tus nqi; E0 - permittivity nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev (ib qhov sib npaug zos rau 8,86 nyob rau hauv -12 degree); Lawv - permittivity ntawm huab cua ( "1" los yog ib tug nqi uas muaj lwm yam khoom, cov rooj); r - qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nqi. Tag nrho qhov ntev yog npaum li cas nyob rau hauv raws li cov SI system.

Tsis txhob xav yuam kev rau cov ob tug sib txawv tswv yim - "permeability ntawm huab cua" thiab cov dielectric qhov. Sib Nqus yog lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej yam khoom uas, kuj sawv cev rau lub coefficient, tab sis nws lwm kev txiav txim zoo - cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb siv thiab tus nqi ntawm magnetic induction nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv siv benchmark - magnetic permeability ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum. Ob tus thawj thiab thib ob nqe lus yog siv los ua suav ntawm ntau yam hluav taws xob pab kiag li lawm.