Kua tsib acids. Cov nuj nqi ntawm cov kua tsib acids. biochemistry ntawm daim siab

Tshaj yav dhau los ob peb xyoo lawm, peb muaj kev tswj kom tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus tshiab qhia txog nws cov kua tsib thiab acids. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws tau los ua tsim nyog los txhim kho thiab expansion tswv yim hais txog lawv cov qhov tseem ceeb rau lub hauj lwm ntawm lub tib neeg kab.

Luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kua tsib acids. Txheej txheem cej luam

Lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb txoj kev ua nws tau mus xyuas hauv kev tshaj qhia cov kua tsib acids. Piv txwv li, yog tam sim no ib tug zoo dua kev nkag siab ntawm cov metabolism hauv lawv sis raug zoo nrog cov nqaijrog, lipids, pigments thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab lub cev. Paub tseeb hais tias cov lus qhia qhia tias cov kua tsib acids yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb xwb tsis rau tus qub hauj lwm ntawm lub hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Cov tebchaw yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nws tseem ceeb heev tias daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov tseeb kev tshawb fawb txoj kev yuav feem ntau yog muaj txiav txim qhov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov kua tsib acids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, raws li zoo raws li yuav ua li cas muaj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub pa system. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co tebchaw ua rau lub hauv paus poob siab system departments. Nws muaj pov thawj lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv intracellular membrane thiab lwm dab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kua tsib acids ua raws li surfactants nyob rau hauv lub internal ib puag ncig ntawm ib tug kab mob.

keeb kwm tseeb

Qhov no hom tshuaj tebchaw Strecker paub txog sab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Nws pom tawm hais tias cov kua tsib ntawm cov nyuj muaj ob tug organic acids. Tus thawj tug muaj sulfur. Qhov thib ob zoo muaj no yeeb tshuaj, txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug txawv lig mis. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom ntawm cov tshuaj tebchaw tsim cholic acid. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm transformation ntawm lub saum toj no tebchaw tsim glycerol. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lwm cov kua tsib acid ntaub ntawv ib tug txawv kiag li substance. Nws yog hu ua taurine. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov thawj ob lub tebchaw twb muab npe, lub npe tib yam ua tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, tauro- thiab glycocholic acid, ntsig txog. Qhov no discovery ntawm tus paub txog muab ib tug tshiab impetus mus rau txoj kev tshawb ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lub tebchaw.

Kua tsib acid sequestrants

Cov tshuaj yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug hypolipidemic ntxim rau cov tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lawv tau dav siv rau sab cholesterol nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nws yog ua tau rau txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntau yam kab pathologies thiab coronary mob. Thaum lub caij, niaj hnub cov tshuaj yog dav siv lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm ntau yam ntxiv zoo tshuaj. Cov lipid tej tshuaj yog statins. Lawv siv ntau npaum li cas feem ntau vim tsawg phiv. Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim sequestering kua tsib acids uas yog siv tsawg zaus. Tej zaum lawv yuav siv heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug kev thiab koom haum pab kev kho mob.

ncauj lus kom ntxaws

Steroid chav kawm ntawv muaj xws li monokarbainovye hydroxy kua qaub. Lawv yog cov active khib nyiab uas tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Cov acids yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua ntawm daim siab cov roj cholesterol. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, lawv muaj xws li ntawm 24 carbon atoms. Muaj pes tsawg leeg hom kua tsib tebchaw txawv nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj. Cov tauholevuyu tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab glycolic acid. Chenodeoxycholic thiab cholic tebchaw yuav mus rau ib chav kawm ntawv cov thawj. Yuav ua li cas yog lawv tsim? Qhov no txoj kev muaj ib tug nqi siab biochemistry. Thawj sib txuas los ntawm lub synthesis ntawm cov roj uas txhaws. Tom ntej no, ib tug txheej txheem ntawm conjugation nrog taurine los yog glycine. Ces cov acids uas yog raug rau cov kua tsib secretion. Lithocholic thiab deoxycholic tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob kev sib txuas. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau txoj hnyuv loj los ntawm thawj acid nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub zos cov kab mob. Tus nqi ntawm haum ntawm deoxycholic tebchaw yog considerably siab tshaj uas ntawm lithocholic. Lwm yam theem nrab cov kua tsib acids tshwm sim nyob rau hauv heev me me. Piv txwv li, cov muaj xws li lub ursodeoxycholic. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug mob cholestasis, lub tebchaw yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv loj naj npawb. Nruab nrab piv ntawm cov tshuaj - 3: 1. Thaum nyob rau hauv cholestasis kua tsib acid cov ntsiab lus muaj nuj nqis tshaj. Micelles yog aggregates ntawm lub lwg me me. Lawv tsuas tsim thaum lub concentration ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub aqueous tov tshaj cov kev txwv lub cim. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kua tsib acids yog surfactants.

cholesterol nta

Qhov no tshuaj yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Qhov ratio ntawm ntau ntawm lipid thiab cov hniav puas lecithin concentration thiab acid solubility twg yog nyob cholesterol nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib. Mixed micelles tshwm sim thaum tswj lub cev kev faib ua feem ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab. Lawv muaj cholesterol. Precipitate muaju nws yog kev kawm mus rau teeb ntawm no ratio. Cov nuj nqi ntawm cov kua tsib acids uas yog tsis tas rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov roj uas txhaws los ntawm lub cev. Lawv pab mus rau haum ntawm cov rog hauv cov hnyuv. Micelles kuj tsim thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no.

Movement tebchaw

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab kua tsib tsim tej yam kev mob yog active zog acids. Cov tebchaw ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov thauj ntawm electrolytes thiab dej nyob rau hauv lub me me thiab cov loj loj hnyuv. Lawv yog cov khoom particulate teeb meem. Lawv melting kub yog txaus siab. Lawv muaj ib tug ntsim saj. Kua tsib acids yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej, whereas nyob rau hauv lub alkali tshuaj thiab dej caw - zoo. Cov tebchaw no derivatives ntawm cholanic acid. Txhua yam kev acid tshwm sim heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv hepatocytes cholesterol.

nyhuv

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov acidic tebchaw yog ntsev. Qhov no yog vim ib tug xov tooj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom no. Piv txwv li, lawv muaj ntau ncov qaumteb qabteb tshaj ntsev dawb cov kua tsib acids, muaj ib tug me me luaj li cas ntawm cov txawj concentration ntawm micelle tsim thiab yuav secreted. Lub siab yog lub tsuas hloov khoom nruab nrog muaj peev xwm hloov cholesterol mus rau hauv cov kev cholanic acid. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov enzymes uas muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv conjugation, yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub hepatocytes. Hloov lawv cov kev ua yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tshaj tawm oscillations siab kua tsib acids. Lub synthesis txheej txheem yog tswj mechanism tsis zoo lub tswv yim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev siv ntawm no phenomenon yog correlated nrog tus tam sim no ntawm lub qhov kua tsib acids nyob rau hauv lub siab. Norma lawv synthesis nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog heev tsawg - los ntawm ob puas rau peb puas milligrams ib hnub twg.

ntsiab kev pab raws qib

Kua tsib acids muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov lo lus uas peb. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, lawv mas nqa tawm lub synthesis ntawm cov roj cholesterol thiab muaj feem xyuam rau qhov haum ntawm cov nqaijrog los ntawm cov hnyuv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tebchaw muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai thiab biliary feem ntawm bile. Cov tshuaj kuj muaj ib tug muaj zog cawv rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom thiab nqus ntawm lipids. Lawv cov pob qij txha yuav nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm monoglycerides thiab dawb lub fatty acids, uas yog fatty deposits rau ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li tsim nyias zaj duab xis, uas tiv thaiv kev twb kev txuas ntawm me me roj mob nyob rau hauv qhov ntau voluminous. Qhov no yuav qhia ib tug muaj zog txo ntawm tus nto nro. Qhov no ua rau cov tsim ntawm micellar daws teeb meem. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, pab txhawb qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pancreatic lipase. Nrog adipose cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws cleaves lawv mus glycerol, uas yog ntxiv absorbed plab hnyuv phab ntsa. Kua tsib acids uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog fatty tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab tsim holeinovye. Cov tebchaw yog nkag cleaved thiab yog sai absorbed ntawm lub sab saum toj ntawm lub villi hauv cov hnyuv. Holeinovye acid hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv micelles. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog absorbed rau hauv lub hlwb, rhuav lawv week nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntawm qhov tseeb kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Lawv cam tias cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov roj thiab cov kua tsib acids nyob rau hauv lub cell tawg. Tus thawj yog cov kawg ntawm haum ntawm lipids. Yav tag los - los ntawm lub portal cov hlab ntsha nkag mus rau daim siab thiab ntshav.