Lub apparatus thiab cov lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov induction lub cev muaj zog. Asynchronous lub cev muaj zog hom: ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev piav qhia thiab muaj nuj nqi

Raws li nrog rau feem ntau motors, AC induction lub cev muaj zog (BP) muaj ib tug taag txheej ib feem uas yog xa mus rau raws li ib tug stator thiab ib tug rotor yam hauv. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj yog ua tib zoo xam cua kis.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm?

Tsim thiab cov lag luam ntawm asynchronous motors, zoo li tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus, yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias mus actuate lub suab ntawm cov rotor siv cov magnetic teb kev sib hloov. Peb-theem AD yog tib hom cev muaj zog, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev vim hais tias ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv DC motors nws yuav siv txhua yam los yog hluav taws xob switching, thiab nyob rau hauv ib-theem AD - Cov hluav taws xob Cheebtsam.

Yuav kom koj khiav lag luam cov lub cev muaj zog, koj yuav tsum muaj ob poob lawm ntawm electromagnets. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov induction lub cev muaj zog yog hais tias ib tug set yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub stator raws li nws winding kev cob cog rua AC qhov chaw. Raws li Lenz txoj cai, nws induces nyob rau hauv lub rotor ntawm lub electromagnetic quab yuam (EMF) nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li cov voltage ntxias nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding ntawm lub transformer, tsim lwm txheej ntawm electromagnets. Li no lwm lub npe rau BP - induction lub cev muaj zog. Lub apparatus thiab cov lag luam ntawm asynchronous motors yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov sib nqus teb ntawm cov electromagnets generates ib tug torsional quab yuam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub rotor rotates nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub resulting torque.

stator

Lub stator muaj ntau yam nyias phiaj txhuas los yog cam khwb cia hlau. Lawv nias rau txhua lwm yam mus rau tsim ib tug hollow tub ntxhais lub tog raj kheej nrog grooves. Lawv nteg insulated nyob ntawm tej. Txhua pab pawg neeg ntawm windings ua ke nrog cov surrounding tub ntxhais tom qab thov nws cov ntaub ntawv alternating tam sim no electromagnet. Tus nab npawb ntawm AD tug nyob ntawm lub sab hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov stator windings. Nws yog ua li ntawd thaum txuas lub hwj chim qhov twg los tsim rotating magnetic teb.

rotor

Lub rotor muaj ob peb nyias steel daim hlau uas uniformly pov tseg txog lub periphery ntawm txhuas rods los yog tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv nws cov feem ntau nrov hom - shorted los yog "nas tawb", - nyob rau ntawm xaus ntawm lub rods yog mechanically thiab electrically kev cob cog rua ntawm lub rings. Yuav luag 90% ntawm BP siv no tsim, vim hais tias nws yog yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha. Lub rotor muaj ib tug cylindrical laminated tseem ceeb nrog axially thaum uas tig mus grooves txheej txheem rau installation conductors. Nyob rau hauv txhua groove haum pas nrig ntawm tooj liab, txhuas los yog ib tug hlau. Lawv yog cov luv luv-circuited rau ob sab nrog kawg rings. Qhov no tsim tsa ib tug nas tawb, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi thiab tau txais ib qho uas tsim nyog lub npe.

lub rotor slots tsis heev thaum uas tig mus rau lub qhov tob. Lawv yog ua los nrog ib tug me me skew rau ob lub ntsiab yog vim li cas. Tus thawj yog los xyuas kom meej tus lag luam ntawm cov ntshav siab los ntawm kev txo lub magnetic suab nrov thiab harmonics. Qhov thib ob yog los txo qhov yuav ua rau lub rotor snagging: cov kaus hniav koom lub stator qhov vim direct magnetic attraction therebetween. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lawv muaj pes tsawg yog tib yam. Lub rotor yog mounted rau tus ncej los ntawm txoj kev bearings rau txhua txhua lub kawg. Ib feem yog feem ntau yog cov ntau tshaj lwm yam, rau cov load tsav tsheb. Nyob rau hauv ib co xyaw ntawm kaw kawg ntawm tus ncej mounted ceev sensors los yog txoj hauj lwm.

Ntawm stator thiab rotor muaj yog ib qho huab cua kis. Los ntawm lub zog hloov lwm lub tsev. Lub generated torque ua rau lub rotor tig thiab load. Tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom rotor, lub apparatus thiab cov lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov induction lub cev muaj zog tshua unchanged. Feem ntau, cov ntshav siab yog txwv kom muab zais raws li tus xov tooj ntawm stator windings. Paub qhov txawv ntawm ib thiab peb theem hluav taws xob motors.

Tsim thiab cov lag luam ntawm ib theem induction lub cev muaj zog

Ib leeg-theem ntshav siab lees paub rau qhov loj tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm lub electric motors. Nws yog ib zajlus kom hais tias tsawg kawg kim thiab cheesy rau kev pab cov cav yog siv feem ntau. Raws li lub npe paub licas hais, lub hom phiaj, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub induction lub cev muaj zog hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm no hom yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xwb ib stator winding thiab ib leeg-theem hwj chim qhov twg los. Tag nrho cov no hom ntawm cov ntshav siab rotor yog ib tug nas.

Ib leeg-theem motors tsis pib nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej. Thaum lub cev muaj zog yog kev cob cog rua rau lub hwj huam mov los ntawm lub ntsiab winding alternating tam sim no pib rau ntws. Nws generates ib tug pulsed magnetic teb. Vim lub induction rotor yog energized. Txij li thaum lub ntsiab magnetic teb pulses, lub torque yuav tsum tau tig lub cev muaj zog, yog tsis generated. Lub rotor pib co es tig. Yog li ntawd, rau ib theem AD yuav tsum tau ib tug txhais. Nws yuav muab tau thawj zaug impetus, ua tus ncej txav.

Pib mechanism yog ib tug hluas-theem ntshav siab muaj mas ntxiv stator winding. Nws muaj peev xwm nrog tus series capacitor thiab centrifugal mus. Thaum voltage mov tam sim no mus rau lub ntsiab winding voltage lags qab vim nws kuj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub starting winding qab los ua ntej ntawm lub mov voltage raws li lub impedance ntawm tus txhais. Sis ntawm lub magnetic teb generated los ntawm lub ntsiab winding thiab ib tug pib Circuit Court generates lub resultant magnetic teb. Nws rotates nyob rau hauv ib tug coj. Lub rotor pib tig nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov resultant magnetic teb.

Thaum lub cev muaj zog ceev nce mus txog txog 75% ntawm lub nominal tus nqi, cov centrifugal hloov disconnects pib winding. Ntxiv mus, lub cav yuav muaj ib tug txaus torque ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Tshwj motors nrog tshwj xeeb starting capacitor, tag nrho cov tib theem motors, yog feem ntau siv los ua kom hwj chim tsis tshaj 500 watts. Nyob ntawm seb txawv starting txoj kev, ib leeg-theem AD yog ntxiv dej num, raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no.

BP phua theem

Assignment ntaus ntawv thiab lag luam ntawm lub asynchronous lub cev muaj zog nrog phua theem raws li nyob rau kev siv nyob rau ntawd ntawm ob windings thiab cov pib cov tub ntxhais. Launcher yog ua los ntawm ib tug me me hlau lub cheeb thiab tsawg puv txheeb ze mus rau lub ntsiab, los tsim ib tug ntau dua kuj. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau qhia nws magnetic teb ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Nws txawv los ntawm cov kev taw qhia txog lub ntsiab magnetic teb, uas ua rau yus txoj kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor. Kev khiav hauj lwm kauj, uas yog ua los ntawm tej cov loj dua txoj kab uas hla, lub cev muaj zog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm lub sij hawm.

Lub starting taw tes yog tsawg tsawg, feem ntau ntawm 100 rau 175% ntawm cov nominal. Lub cav siv ib tug siab starting tam sim no. Nws yog 7-10 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj tus nominal. Maximum torque yog tseem 2.5-3.5 lub sij hawm ntau. Qhov no hom ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog siv nyob rau hauv me me li, tus kiv cua thiab lub cav tshuab, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev siv uas yuav tsum tau tsawg torque peev xwm ntawm los ntawm 40 mus 250 watts. Tsis txhob siv cov xws xyaw uas nquag mus ntawm rau-off los yog yuav tsum tau siab torque.

BP yuav pib capacitor

Condenser hom induction lub cev muaj zog thiab nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog ua raws li lub fact tias cov pib kauj rau nws phua theem capacitance kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series, muab pib "mem tes". Raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los variants ntawm xyaw, muaj kuj yog ib tug centrifugal mus. Nws disables lub pib Circuit Court thaum lub cev muaj zog ceev nce mus txog 75% ntawm nominal. Txij li thaum lub capacitor yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series, nws tsim ib tug ntau dua starting torque, xeeb 4.2-fold ntawm lub operating. Ib tug pib tam sim no yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv nominal 4,5-5,75 lub sij hawm, uas yog ho qis tshaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm split-theem, vim hais tias ntawm cov loj nyob ntawm tej nyob rau hauv lub pib winding.

Cov hloov embodiment txawv oob khab lub cev muaj zog thiab sab hauv kuj. Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm engine muaj peev xwm yog hloov los ntawm ib tug resistor. Kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov mob uas ib tug tsawg dua starting torque tshaj siv ib tug capacitor. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus txo nqi, nws tsis muab zoo dua capacitive pib. Cov xyaw yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chav nyob nrog siv tsav: me me conveyors, loj kiv cua thiab cov twj, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ntau pab kiag li lawm nrog lawv tsav los yog nrog iav.

AD nrog ib tug ua hauj lwm theem-hloov capacitor

Lub apparatus thiab lag luam ntawm lub induction lub cev muaj zog ntawm no hom yog raws li nyob rau hauv mus tas li kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub capacitor kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series nrog cov pib winding. Tom qab tawm hauv lub engine ntawm nyob ceev yuav koom haum pab starting Circuit Court. Txij li thaum lub thawv yuav tsum tau tsim kev nruam siv, nws yuav tsis muab cov pib mem tes starting capacitor. Cov pib torque ntawm no lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj. Nws yog 30-150% ntawm cov nominal. Pib tam sim no yog me me - tsawg tshaj 200% ntawm cov nominal, uas ua rau hluav taws xob motors ntawm no hom zoo tagnrho qhov twg yuav tsum tau nquag switching rau hauv thiab tawm.

Qhov no tsim muaj ob peb zoo. Scheme yog yooj yim hloov rau kev siv nrog cov kev ceev xws li. Electric motors yuav configured rau optimum efficiency thiab muaj hwj huam tshaj. Lawv suav hais tias yog feem ntau txhim khu kev qha ntawm ib leeg-theem motors feem ntau vim hais tias cov centrifugal pib hloov yog tsis siv rau lawv. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kiv cua, lub cav tshuab, thiab feem ntau muaj xws li ib tug dais. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub hloov mechanisms, tshuab qhib rooj vag thiab chaw rau tsheb qhov rooj.

BP nrog pib thiab khiav capacitor

Lub apparatus thiab cov lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov induction lub cev muaj zog ntawm no hom yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub tshwm sim los pib capacitor kev cob cog rua rau lub pib kauj. Qhov no ua rau nws tau los mus tsim ntau torque. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug mus tas capacitor kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series nrog lub koom haum pab winding tom qab pib tawm lub thawv. Qhov no tswvyim tso cai loj tshaj torque.

Qhov no hom ntawm engine yog tsim los rau qhov qis dua tag nrho load dej tsaws ntxhee, uas saib kuas nws ntau dua efficiency. Qhov no tsim yog kim vim lub xub ntiag ntawm starting, kev khiav hauj lwm capacitor thiab cov centrifugal mus. Siv nyob rau hauv ntoo tshuab, cua compressors, kub siab dej twj, tshuab nqus tsev twj thiab qhov chaw uas siab torque yog yuav tsum tau. Fais fab - los ntawm 0.75 mus 7.5 kW.

BP nrog tsaus ncej

Tsim thiab cov lag luam ntawm ib tug induction lub cev muaj zog ntawm no hom muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws muaj tsuas yog ib lub ntsiab winding thiab tsis muaj pib. Start yog tau vim hais tias ib feem me me nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov stator tug muaj ib tug shielding tooj liab nplhaib, uas lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no qab teb nyob rau hauv lub unshielded feem. Tus sis ntawm lub ob teb ua rau kev sib hloov ntawm tus ncej.

Vim tsis muaj start-up kauj los yog capacitor los yog hloov, lub cev muaj zog yog electrically yooj yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ceev tau tshuaj los ntawm ntau lub voltage los yog lub winding sua. Lub cav tsim nrog shielded tug tso cai loj lawm. Nws yog feem ntau yog ib tug "one-off", raws li nws yog cheaper npaum li los hloov dua kho. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub zoo qualities nyob rau hauv xws li ib arrangement muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm drawbacks:

• Tsis tshua muaj torque sib npaug zos rau 25-75% ntawm cov nyob tus nqi;
• siab ris hauv qab (7-10%);
• tsawg efficiency (tsawg tshaj li 20%).

Qhov tsawg pib nqi tso cai siv ntawm no hom ntawm cov ntshav siab nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj los yog ncaw siv kiag li lawm. Peb yuav tau tham txog txhua hnub multi-speed kiv cua. Tab sis qhov uas tsis muaj-end torque, tsis tshua muaj efficiency thiab tsawg txhua yam ntxwv tsis pub lawv coj mus muag los yog muaj daim ntawv thov.

Peb-theem AD

Cov motors yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Tsim thiab cov lag luam ntawm peb-theem induction lub cev muaj zog yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov tsim tau zoo - nrog rau hauv lub tawb los yog lub qhov txhab rotor. Rau nws lub community launch tsis tau ib capacitor pib winding, centrifugal hloov los yog lwm yam ntaus ntawv. Pib taw tes nruab nrab, thiab siab, raws li tau zoo raws li muaj peev xwm thiab ua hauj lwm zoo. Siv nyob rau hauv kev sib tsoo tshuab, lathes, drilling tshuab, twj, compressors, conveyors, thiab lwm yam ua liaj ua teb machinery.

BP kaw rotor

Qhov no peb-theem asynchronous lub cev muaj zog, kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab apparatus uas tau piav saum toj no. Ris rau ze li ntawm 90% ntawm tag nrho cov peb theem motors. Ua hwj chim 250 watts mus rau ob peb puas kilowatts. Piv nrog rau ib theem motors los ntawm 750 W, lawv yog pheej yig dua thiab muaj peev xwm mas hnyav loads.

BP txhab rotor

Tsim thiab Kev Ua Zauv ntawm peb-theem asynchronous lub cev muaj zog nrog plam-ntiv nplhaib motors txawv los ntawm cov ntshav siab ntawm lub "nas tawb" hais tias cov rotor muaj ib tug txheej ntawm windings, qhov xaus ntawm uas yog tsis luv luv-circuited. Lawv muaj tso tawm rau lub ris hauv qab ib ncig. Nws tso cai rau koj mus txuas rau nws lwm resistors thiab contactors. Maximum torque yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau rotor kuj. Yog li ntawd, thaum uas tsis muaj speeds tej zaum nws yuav muab ntxiv rau kom kuj. High kuj tso cai rau kom muab tau ib tug loj torque ntawm ib tug tsawg starting tam sim no.

Raws li tus kuj txo acceleration ntawm lub rotor hloov lub yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev muaj zog kom tau raws li lub load yuav tsum. Tom qab lub cev muaj zog nce mus txog rau lub hauv paus ceev, lwm resistors yog xiam oob qhab. Thiab lub electric tsav tej hauj lwm raws li ib tug ntshav siab. Qhov no hom yog zoo tagnrho rau cov inertial load, uas yuav tsum tau daim ntawv thov ntawm torque ntawm yuav luag pes tsawg ceev. Nws muab acceleration rau lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub tsawg lub sij hawm nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus zog noj.

Ib tug disadvantage ntawm xws xyaw yog tias plam rings thiab txhuam xav tau kev txij nkawm, uas yog tsis yuav tsum tau rau lub cev muaj zog nrog luv luv-circuited rotor. Yog hais tias lub rotor winding yog shorted thiab ua ib qho los mus pib (t. E. Tus ntaus ntawv yuav tus txheej txheem BP), nws yuav tsum yog ib tug heev tam sim no txaus. Nws yog 14 lub sij hawm loj tshaj lub nyob ntawm heev tsawg torque yog 60% ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, daim ntawv thov yog tsis pom.

Los ntawm kev hloov lub muab ceev dependence rau lub torque los tswj cov rotor kuj yuav varied ceev ntawm ib tug tej yam load. Nws yuav zoo txo lawv los ntawm hais txog 50% thaum lub load yuav tsum tau nce mus nce los torque thiab ceev uas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv luam presses, compressors, conveyors, nqa thiab elevators. Txo tus nqi hauv qab no 50% tau nyob rau hauv ib tug heev tsawg efficiency vim lub siab hwj chim dissipation nyob rau hauv lub rotor resistances.