Leej twg yog cov Janissaries? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Janissaries"

Lub historian sau ntawv, piav txog lub Ottoman Empire, feem ntau xa mus rau "cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog" - tshwj xeeb pab tub rog, ceeb toom txog ncaj qha mus rau lub Sultan. Leej twg yog cov Janissaries, raws li cov tub rog tsim ib tug saib, koj yuav saib tau los ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

Patrimony

Janissaries paub txij thaum lub nruab nrab-14th cov xyoo pua, thaum lub hwj chim ntawm lub Sultan Murad kuv units ntawm lub Turkish cov neeg tseem ceeb infantry tau ib lub koom haum. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Janissaries" - "tshiab tub rog" (nyob rau hauv Turkish). Ua ntej, lawv ibyam raug tsim los ntawm cov neeg raug txim ntawm Christian hluas thiab cov tub hluas. Dua li ntawm qhov nruj thiab tej zaum fanatical Turkish kev kawm ntawv, lub neej yav tom ntej cov tub rog tshuav Christian npe. Janissaries tau zus nyias los ntawm lwm cov me nyuam, qhia cuj lub sib ntaus sib tua kev txawj ntse thiab ib tug fanatical muab siab npuab lub Sultan. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th yuav ua janissaries thiab cov hluas ntawm Turkish keeb kwm. Ntawm cov neeg thov kev xaiv tus muaj zog tshaj, toughest thiab agile tub hluas ntxhais hluas los ntawm 8 rau 12 xyoo. Xaiv nyob rau hauv lub barracks, lawv txoj kev kawm muaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb yog hnyav tej kev kawm. Cov tub rog tau muab faib mus rau hauv tuam txhab uas muag, noj mov los ntawm cov lauj kaub thiab hu ua phooj ywg ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Dervishes. Lawv raug txwv tsis pub sib yuav, lawv tsev neeg yog ib haiv neeg lub tuam txhab (tsev vector), uas yog ib tug cim ntawm lub boiler.

Hais txog leej twg lub Janissaries, qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub historian hais tias ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, TN Granovsky. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws yog hais tias lub Turkish sultan muaj feem ntau cov zoo infantry nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis ib feem ntawm nws yog heev coj txawv txawv, "Janissaries yeej tag nrho cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Varna, thaum Kosovo ..." Nws yog ua tsaug rau lawv lub siab thiab ua siab loj raug coj mus rau Constantinople. Yog li, lub Turkish kav kov yeej tshiab ib cheeb tsam thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lawv lub hwj chim ua tsaug rau cov tub rog uas muaj Christian keeb kwm.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws

Janissaries lawv pom zoo ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsim nyog. Pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, lawv tau muaj tus cai los mus pib ib lub tsev neeg, koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam crafts thiab cov lag luam tawm nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis yog-tub rog lub sij hawm. Tshwj xeeb yog distinguished warriors twb muab tsub tus kheej los ntawm cov Sultan. Ntawm cov khoom plig twb hniav nyiaj hniav kub, riam phom, thiab lub siab dawb siab cov nyiaj hli. Janissary commanders ntawm lub qhov ncauj rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws cov tub rog thiab pej xeem txoj haujlwm ntawm lub Turkish faj tim teb chaws. Ocak Janissary garrisons, nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Istanbul tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj lub zos ntawm cov Turkish xeev. Los ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua 16th, lub Janissaries nres txais mus rau hauv nws cov ibyam outsiders. Lawv title yog pub. Ib tug Janissary khwb ua ib tug kaw kev thiab kev nom kev tswv caste. Qhov no nrog, ywj siab txaus lub zog mus koom nyob rau hauv nom tswv intrigue, tsa, thiab overthrows lub sultans thiab ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub internal txoj kev lub teb chaws.

Tus duab ntawm tus Janissaries

Hais txog leej twg lub Janissaries, thiab dab tsi yog lawv qhov chaw cov lwm Turkish pab tub rog, muaj tim khawv los lub siab kaus mom, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog loj dag sia pem hauv ntej - ketch. Nyob rau txhua sab ntawm ib tug hau sewn ntoo nrog, uas tau muab nws ib tug ruaj ntseg rau phab. Tom qab no headdress daim ntaub dai ntev Shlyk, xeeb fighter siv. Ntev lub tes tsho Shlyk piv chief dervish, nyob rau hauv lub koob hmoov uas yog cov Janissaries. Xim hau ntais ntawv cov xim lub tsho tiv no (Zupan), uas coj qhws ib tug tub rog.

Outerwear janissary muaj ntev sov tsho tiv no, hu ua Kerey. Chiv muab cov xim Kurei tsis yog, tiam sis los ntawm thaum ntxov 18th xyoo pua cape janissary nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj ib tug liab xim. Nyob rau hauv Kerey nws twb muab tso rau hauv ib daim ntaub tsho tiv no, feem ntau yog dawb, nrog ntev, dav tes tsho. Nyob rau sab Zupan tau ntev slits uas tso cai rau cov Janissaries tau tsiv mus nyob dawb nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Thiab nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsho twb embroidered nrog cords uas muaj cov xim tib yam li cov Kerey. Caftan dai kom zoo nkauj sash rau saber thiab ib tug dav tawv siv.

Cov xim yog Kurei thiab ris - ntev thiab dav. Feem ntau lawv npog sab sauv ib feem ntawm cov khau raj txog li ib nrab.

Muaj ntau yam hais txog qhov Turkish tub rog cov khaub ncaws coj los siv thiab Cossacks. Ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov Janissaries nyob rau hauv lawv costumes tshwm kaj zhupans pib thiab ris. Cov kev zoo sib thooj yog manifested nyob rau hauv tsos. Cossacks thiab Janissaries tsis hnav beards, tab sis mustaches loj hlob ntev. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias yuav ua li cas qhov no tshwm sim qiv, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias nws coj qhov chaw - tsis tau mas.

Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Janissaries

Neeg khiav dej num coj qhws yuav luag tib yam zoo raws li tus so ntawm lub Janissaries. Es tsis txhob ib lub kaus mom nrog Shlyk lawv coj qhws siab, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm uas khi ib tug phuam, feem ntau yog dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim. Tej zaum lub kaus mom mob siv, ib tug makeshift phuam adorned rau pem hauv ntej yog feem ntau yog ib pob zeb diamond - nplhaib los yog brooch nrog pob zeb. Es tsis txhob tawv siv tub ceev xwm hnav ib embroidered velvet siv los yog scarf nplua nuj Persian.

riam phom Janissaries

Xub thawj, lub tsev vectors ntawm lub Janissaries twb archers, ces tus thawj ua tsov rog ntawm lub Turkish zov twb dos. Tsis zoo li riam phom zoo tib yam cov tub rog, dos janissary yog yooj yim, nrog ib tug loj loj ntau yam ntawm cov hluav taws. Maj mam hloov bows rab phom. Los ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua 15th nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm lub janissaries yog cov dagger, scimitar, thiab siv taus. Lub fact tias ib tug saber janissary thiab yuav ua li cas nws yog ib tug formidable riam phom, yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej fwm daim.

Scimitar yog ib tug ntev (70 cm) hniav, nkhaus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov heev nyuj tshuab raj. Tsis zoo li saber hniav scimitar tsis yog tus txheej thiab sab hauv sab. Kov nws coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tibia. Cov riam phom yog li ntawd phem hais tias txoj cai hnav ib scimitar tau tsuas yog Janissaries. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th lawv raug txwv tsis pub mus dhau lawv Ports nrog ib tug riam. Scimitar, zoo li lwm yam riam phom, yog hwm los yog yuav. Yog hais tias thaum pib ntawm tsov rog fighter orts twb tsis yog riam phom, muab nws commanders.

Janissaries Slavs

Hais txog leej twg lub Turkish Janissaries, thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tub rog rog twb lug paub. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias xws li chav nyob tau sim los tsim lwm lub xeev. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tag nrho tab sis tsos thiab lub hom phiaj, tus janissaries nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws no, markedly txawv los ntawm lawv cov Turkish namesakes.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th xyoo pua, ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub sab qaum teb ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog tau reformed raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev sib khom lus ntawm tus txheem thiab cov magnates ntawm King Augustus II. Ib Ntus troops muab txoj kev mus rau ib feem ntawm cov kev pab tub rog, muaj li ntawm infantry uas muaj ob tug Janissary lub tuam txhab (banners). Lawv ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub khwb - consisted hetman thiab siv lawv rau ib tug neeg txiav txim thiab raws li tus kheej tiv thaiv.

tub rog bands

Banners thiab muaj lawv tus kheej bands thiab lawv cov suab paj nruag. Cov bands tau hu ua Janissary chapels. Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm no lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib tug nruas - ob lub sij hawm ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam orchestras infantry regiments. Lub tsev teev ntuj twb tau mus kawm los ntawm rau musicians thiab ntau, txwv tsis pub hu ua Surmach. Contemporaries piav qhia txog lub Ottoman tub rog band raws li "loj leeb" thiab "phem heev."

Qhov kawg ntawm tus Janissaries

Belarusian Janissaries yuav tsum nyob ua ib ke tom qab lub yeej Stanislas Radziwill. Tom qab ib tug series ntawm cov tub rog setbacks nws retreated txawv teb chaws. Thiab nws tus kheej pab tub rog twb disbanded, nws twb tseem pom thiab Janissary detachment.

Ntau tragic txoj hmoo awaited lawv Turkish counterparts. Nyob rau hauv lub Ottoman Empire, txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias leej twg lub Janissaries. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Polish-Lithuanian tebchaws, cov tub rog tsis tau yuav mus rau koj tus kheej ceev xwm ntawm lub Sultan, thiab muaj raws li ib tug kaw tub rog caste, kom txog rau thaum 1826. Ces tus Turkish Sultan Mahmud II twb puas tsuaj rau lub Janissaries. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv qhib sib ntaus sib tua qhov yuav muaj tseeb los yeej muaj cov txog tej warriors twb tsis tseem ceeb txaus, lub Sultan tau mus rau lub ua kom yuam kev. Ntau tshaj 30 txhiab. Txiv neej daig nyob rau hauv hippodrome, thiab tua los ntawm ib tug cannon grapeshot. Yog li twb lub era ntawm lub Janissaries, thiab ploj mus rau lawv cov martial art.