Koj puas paub tias dab tsi ua ib tug me nyuam tub-yog ib tug feat ntawm Kiev, thiab dab tsi yog qhov ua kom yuam kev magistrates Preticha?

Keeb kwm paub ntau cov piv txwv ntawm heroism thiab siab tawv. Lawv tuaj rau peb ua tsaug rau cov chroniclers, qhov ncauj lus dab neeg, myths xwb thiab legends. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau yav tom ntej tiam: xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tsum tau zoo siab rau lawv lub teb chaws heroes, txawm yog hais tias tus txheej xwm coj qhov chaw ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo dhau los! Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias dab tsi tau ua lub feat-tub los ntawm Kiev, thiab dab tsi lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo", sau los ntawm Nestor, demanded lub hloov lwm lub tsev thiab ua rau no cov keeb kwm kev ua hauj lwm yog tseeb rau lub niaj hnub nyeem. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm legends thiab keeb kwm cov txheej xwm coj peb mus rau lub qub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Koj-tub los ntawm Kiev twb teem tawm nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus. Niaj hnub no cov dab neeg no yog kawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qib tsib. ib co ntawm cov laus Lavxias teb sab lo lus, lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg neeg, haiv neeg nyob twj ywm to taub tsis tau rau cov me nyuam. Kom nws yooj yim dua nco ntsoov hais tias archaisms, yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv tus kheej ib tug me me phau ntawv txhais lus: thaum lub sij hawm piav qhia txog cov xib fwb qhia ntawv los sau tus nqi ntawm kab zauv los yog ib tug neeg lub npe. Cov me nyuam tej zaum yuav tsis paub tias dab tsi tus tub hluas, txiv, Pechenegs, mus tu siab. Txawm tias thaum uas tig mus nyob rau hauv keeb kwm qhia cov me nyuam kawm Ancient Rus thiab hnov ib co ntawm cov nqe lus.

citationality txoj kev npaj

Koj-tub los ntawm Kiev yog zoo dua ntaus nqi los ntawm cov me nyuam yog hais tias tus kws qhia ntawv xav kom lawv mus ua cov khoom npaj. Nws yog ntshaw tias qhov no yog ib lub hom phiaj ntawm lus: nws yog txaus siv ib tug kab lus los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, xav cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov rov. Nws yuav zoo li no:

- Pechenegs tuaj lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws;

- besieged lub nroog muaj hwj chim loj;

- uas yuav tau mus rau lwm yam sab;

- cov me nyuam tub hais tias: "Kuv Tau nyob rau hauv!";

- Koj tus neeg Bajanaks swb;

- tau txais mus rau hauv lub nkoj thiab tag nrov nrov;

- Tom qab kuv los cov tub rog;

- Kuv muab Pretichu nees, ntaj thiab xib xub;

- Sviatoslav rov qab mus rau Kiev.

Lub monument, ua rau nco txog hnub lub yeej ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav Igorevich tshaj lub Pechenegs kom txog rau thaum tam sim no yees tshaj lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Dnieper nyob rau hauv Zaporozhye.

Txhua feem ntawm lub narrative yog yooj yim nco txog thiab retold, ua tsaug rau qhov kev siv ntawm quotations txoj kev npaj. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav muab cov menyuam kawm ntawv rau kev nyeem ntawv ib tug ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub luag hauj lwm. Nyob rau cov zaj lus qhia, cov me nyuam pib to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsos ntawm kev sau ntawv, cov phau ntawv, chronicles ua Christian Russia. Nyob rau dab tsi puas tau tus me nyuam tub feat-neeg nyob ntawm Kiev, tam sim no lub npe hu rau ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm tej zaj lus qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm no feat ntawm St. Sophia Cathedral ua tau.

Phau ntawv thiab keeb kwm

Kom txog thaum lub XI caug xyoo, lub phau ntawv poob rau Russia tsuas yog los ntawm cov Byzantine Empire, thiab tom qab ntawd Bulgaria. Cov no yog txhais ntawm txawv teb chaws sau phau ntawv. Tus thawj hauj lwm ntawm ancient sau ntawv tau nyob xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua eleventh: lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Hilarion thiab keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ho tsis paub. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII monk Nestor ua ntxiv thiab kho nyob rau hauv lub qub keeb kwm, thiab muab lawv cov npe ntawm cov "Lub taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo". Ib Ntus lub caij ntuj sov - nws txhais tau hais xyoo tas los. Lub chronicle piav lub neej thiab kev ua ub no ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab princes: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus sau stresses lub tswv yim tias tsuas yog txoj kev hlub ntawm kwv tij thiab muaj lub siab kev kaj siab lug yuav sib sau ua ke rau lawv. Hlub ntawm lub teb chaws, kev sib hwm rau lub teb chaws ntawm lawv cov ancestors - txiv - yog qhov tseem ceeb motif ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm. Thiab txawm hais tias tus pib ntawm phau ntawv zoo nyob rau hauv legends thiab myths xwb, tus nyeem ntawv tau txais ntaub ntawv txog keeb kwm nuj nqis uas tsim thawj Duchy ntawm ancient Russia. Ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg thiab piav qhia txog dab tsi ua rau ib tug me nyuam tub feat-neeg nyob ntawm Kiev thiab tus tswv xeev Pretich.

Lus dab neeg ntawm lub heroism tus me nyuam tub

Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 968 ib xyoos, los yog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 6476. Principality yog lossi raug tawm tsam los ntawm sab hnub tuaj Cov pab pawg neeg. Tab sis qhov no lub caij ntuj sov rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Kiev nqi zog encroached Pechenegs. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Kiev yog tsis Sviatoslav: nws yog nyob rau hauv Pereyaslavets. Muaj tseem nws niam - Princess Olga nrog lawv cov xeeb ntxwv, cov me nyuam ntawm Svyatoslav.

Cov no yog nws peb tug tub, Oleg thiab Vladimir Jaropolk. Nws xauv nws tus kheej nrog rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kiev, thiab lawv twb tsis tau tuaj tawm: lub Pechenegs besieged nws muaj hwj huam loj. Nws twb tsis tau mus dhau cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xa ib cov lus thiab thov kev pab. Cov neeg nyob sab lim los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab nqhis dej.

Cov tub qhe nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm Kiev thiab feat

Nyob rau sab tod los ntawm lub Dnieper, dhau lawm, cov neeg uas yuav tsis tau mus rau Kiev los ntawm ib tug loj loj horde ntawm Pechenegs los pab cov pej xeem hauv lub nroog los yog rau xa khoom thiab dej. Lawv sawv ntawm lub npaj txhij nyob rau hauv tej nkoj nquam nyob rau lwm yam sab thiab yuav tsis ua dab tsi.

Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog twb sim mus nrhiav ib tug neeg uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nws txoj kev los ntawm cov qib ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab daim ntawv qhia txog kev txiav txim hais tias yog hais tias lawv yuav tsis haum rau Kiev, nws yuav tau muab cov Pechenegs. Thiab ib tug tub hluas los ntawm Kiev, hais tias nws yuav ua kom txoj kev "nyias muaj nyias". Cov neeg hais rau nws: "Mus!"

Qhov no me nyuam tub paub Pechenegs lus. Nws khaws cov bridle thiab mus nrog nws mus rau tus yeeb ncuab. Nws khiav los ntawm lawv cov Cov Qib, thiab nug yog hais tias leej twg tau pom nws tus nees? Lawv coj tus tub hluas rau nws cov neeg. Ncav lub Dnieper, nws poob khaub ncaws thiab mus rau hauv cov dej. Pechenegi pom nws Maneuvering thiab rushed tom qab nws, raug rho tawm haujlwm: tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tau ua.

Pretich Voivod thiab nws cunning

Cov neeg nyob rau lwm yam sab pom tias tus tub hluas los ntawm Kiev, dhia mus rau hauv cov dej thiab ua luam dej mus rau lawv. Lawv mus rau hauv tej nkoj nquam mus rau nws, txhawb nqa nws rau lub rooj tsavxwm thiab npaum li cas mus rau lub tub cheev xwm. Tus tub hluas hais tias yog koj tsis haum tag kis mus rau lub nroog cov tub rog, cov neeg yuav tsum tau zwm rau lub Pechenegs. Voivod yog Pretich, thiab nws muaj tuaj nyob rau hauv tej nkoj nquam mus rau lub nroog, mus ntes cov ntxhais fuabtais Olga thiab tub vaj ntxwv, Whirl tam sim ntawd rau lub opposite bank. Yog hais tias lawv ua tsis tau, lawv yuav cawm tsis tau tus tub huabtais, ces Svyatoslav tsis zam txim rau nws thiab kom lawv puas tsuaj. Qhov no feat tau ua cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm Kiev, qhia rau lub plight ntawm Kiev.

txoj kev npaj magistrates

Raws li lub hom phiaj Preticha tub cheev xwm thaum kaj ntug nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm rooks thiab raj tsiv mus rau Kiev. Cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog, hnov lub suab ntawm trumpets, qw nrov nrov. Pechenegs rushed helter-skelter nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia: nws ciali mus rau lawv hais tias nws tuaj mus rau tus tub huabtais Svyatoslav. Los ntawm lub nroog tuaj Princess Olga nrog nws cov xeeb ntxwv, thiab nws entourage tau mus rau lub rooks. Pecheneg tub vaj ntxwv, noticing no, mus rov qab mus rau lub rooks nyob ib leeg thiab nug Preticha txog lawv yog leej twg? Nws tau txais cov lus teb hais tias nws yog cov neeg nyob rau lwm yam sab ntawm lub Dnieper. Cov lus nug Pecheneg None Svyatoslav tsis seb nws Pretich hais tias lawv - ib tug tshaj kev xyiv fab, thiab tom qab lawv yuav tsiv ib tug lossis loj cov tub rog coj los ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav. Nws yeej hais li ntawd los hem kom ntshai Pecheneg None. Qhov no solved tag nrho contradictions: Petcheneg Pretichu muaj kev phooj ywg thiab nws txais nws. Lawv tuav tes thiab sib pauv armor None tau txais ib tug ntaub thaiv npog, ib tug hniav ntaj hniav riam thiab armor, thiab Pretich - nees, sub thiab rab ntaj.

Kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab

Dua li ntawm qhov cease-hluav taws thiab ntsoos ntsoos ntawm lub Pechenegs los ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm raug ntes nyob. Tus yeeb ncuab sawv tuab camp ntawm tus dej Lybid, thiab cov neeg nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nws coj tus nees haus. Thiab ces peb txiav txim siab xa cov pej xeem hauv Kiev rau Svyatoslav tub txib nrog cov lus hais txog cov kev txaus ntshai lawv fim. Lawv liam tus tub huabtais hais tias cov sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tug coj txawv txawv tebchaws, nws tau tso nws haiv neeg teb chaws. Ib tug Petchenegs ze li ntawm yuav, thiab nws niam, thiab nws cov me nyuam. Neeg uas nyob ntawm tub huabtais hu ua rau kev pab, nug tiv thaiv. Sai li sai tau raws li nws mus txog cov xov xwm, Svyatoslav nrog nws retinue sai sai rov qab mus rau Kiev, qhov uas nws twb tau ntsib los ntawm nws niam thiab nws peb tug tub.

Nws yog heev distressed txog dab tsi yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm lawv tag nrho. Svetoslav sau nws cov tub cheev xwm, thiab tsav tsheb mus deb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Pechenegs. Tom qab uas tuaj peacetime.

Tam sim no rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi ua ib tug me nyuam tub-yog ib tug feat ntawm Kiev, ib tug yuav hais tias nws rua lub inhabitants ntawm lub ancient lub nroog thiab tsev neeg ntawm tub huabtais Svyatoslav. Nws yog tam sim no hu ua patriotism thiab kev hlub rau cov motherland.