Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau thawj pawg neeg yau. Cov kev kawm ntawm kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus hauv lub pre-school

Hais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev hais lus, peb sib tham nrog cov neeg, xaiv peb cov xeev, hu khoom thiab muaj qhov xwm txheej, txhawb kom tus kheej thiab lwm tus neeg ua. Hais lus tseem muaj kev koom tes hauv kev daws cov teeb meem kev txawj ntse.

Yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais lus hauv cov menyuam yaus

Muaj kev sib txuas lus yuav pab tus me nyuam tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg laus, qhia tawm lawv cov kev xav, ua si ua ke thiab sib koom ua ke nrog lwm yam kev koom tes. Tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm thawj chav kawm, uas nws txoj kev loj hlob tau hais txog kev mloog lus, nyeem ntawv thiab rov qab ua haujlwm zoo, txawj sau ntawv, yoojyim daws cov teeb meem teeb meem, muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws rau tus xib fwb cov lus nug.

Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas txoj kev hais lus

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev hais lus yog pom zoo kom pib nrog kev yug me nyuam. Twb tau yug dua tshiab lawm, tus me nyuam hais lus tawm suab ntawm lwm lub suab, mloog cov laus, nws sim ua raws li qhov tau hnov. Xyoo mus txog rau xyoo tus me nyuam "kev sib tw" (ua rau suab zoo ib yam li [g], [k], [x], hnav, thiab tom qab thawj hnub ntawm nws lub neej sim hais lus.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cov lus hais tau raug mob siab. Lub homphiaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov kev hais lus pib yog pib hauv cov pab pawg thaum tseem yau. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau thawj pawg neeg yau yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev kawm ua haujlwm, raws li tus menyuam txoj kev kawm nws nyob raws li theem hauv qab no.

Kev sib txuas lus nthuav dav hauv kev sib txuas lus. Yuav kom nkag siab tias tus xibfwb ua haujlwm licas rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam hais lus, nws yuav tsum xav txog cov qauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus thaum yau

Nrog kev siv rau kiag, thaum yau thiab thaum ntxov preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog zaum cais situational-tus kheej, ua lag ua luam situational, outsituative kev txawj ntse thiab outsituative tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus. Thawj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, thaum tus me nyuam muaj ib qho kev txhawb nqa lub zog. Tus me nyuam pom cov laus cov neeg laus, luag, wag nws txhais tes. Lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov niam, txiv thiab lwm tus neeg txheeb ze los nrog lawv cov menyuam tham, hu nkauj rau nws, tham txog cov lus qhia hauv hoob zov menyuam.

Hais txog situationally-ua lag ua luam kev sib txuas lus yog tsim nyog hais tias thaum tus me nyuam muaj peev xwm mus zaum thiab kawm nrog cov khoom: tuav ib tug rattle, txo nws hwj lub voos xwmfab nyob rau hauv lub voos xwmfab, txo nws hwj ib daim mus rau lwm qho khoom ua si. Tus neeg laus qhia txog kev txiav txim siab, txhawb tus me nyuam.

Kev sib txuas lus tsis-tawm-kev sib txuas lus pib nrog 2-3 xyoos thaum lub pob zeb nug cov lus nug txog lub ntiaj teb ncig nws. Cov lus teb ntawm ib tus neeg laus pab kom kawm tau ntau yam tshiab thiab loj hlob. Kev faib tawm ntawm tus me nyuam nyiam rau txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg, qhov chaw thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib tus tib neeg hauv zej zog ua tim khawv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus kheej. Kev txaus siab los tham txog cov ncauj lus zoo li 6-7 xyoo.

Kev tsim kho ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau thawj pab pawg me

Thawj cov tub ntxhais hluas yog tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov menyuam txij li ob mus rau peb xyoos. Txij li thaum lub hnub nyoog no muaj kev hloov los ntawm qhov kev lag luam los ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev lag luam rau qhov kev sib txuas lus, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov me nyuam yog ua tiav hauv kev sib tham. Tus xibfwb hais lus nrog cov tub kawm ntawv txog dab tsi hauv lawv qhov kev ua yog qhov tsis pom kev. Cov crumbs kawm kom to taub thiab ua tiav tus nais khu cov lus qhia, kev thov ntawm cov phooj ywg, thiab tsim lawv cov lus.

Tus xib fwb qhia cov tub kawm ntawv kom txhais cov suab [ib], [o], [y], [u], [s], [m], [b], [n], [n], [t], [d] [C], [c], [f], [f], cov me nyuam muaj suab npe, ua ntu zus, suab hais lus, mloog kev ua pa.

Tus xib fwb ua kom loj hlob cov lus ntawm cov me nyuam. Ntxiv rau cov npe - npe ntawm cov khoom ua si, khaub ncaws, tais diav, thaij sab hauv, cov khoom siv ("white cup"), verbs, adverbs ("lub khob nyob saum rooj"), prepositions ("Olya tuaj rau rooj").

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv kom paub cov lus ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov lus no kuj yog twv tau ("floor floor rests on the floor", "rattles rattles"), kev ua yeeb yam ("khoom ua si", "khaub ncaws", "tais"). Onomatopoeic thiab lightened lo lus ("av-av", "bi-bi") yog hloov los ntawm cov neeg sawv daws ("dev", "machine").

Kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Hauv kev qhia ntawm tus xib fwb cov me nyuam:

• Hloov npe ntawm cov naj npawb thiab cov neeg mob ("ib rab diav - ntau yam poom"), verbs ntawm cov ntsej muag thiab cov zauv ("Kuv tabtom mus thiab koj yuav mus - peb tabtom"), lub sijhawm ("lub dais tabtom tuaj, tus dais tau tuaj");
• Kawm kom paub siv lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ua phem ("luav, poplyashi");
• Daim ntawv diminutively caressing npe ("doll", "typewriter");
• Lawv tsim cov kab lus yooj yooj yim thiab cov kab lus ("tus menyuam roj hmab xav pw, thiab kuv muab tso rau hauv lub txaj menyuam").

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev hais lus

Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv vaj Tshwm sim hauv cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb thiab niaj hnub ua neej. Nrog cov menyuam yaus 2-3 xyoos, tus xibfwb tau sib tw ua si sib txawv, muaj kev sib tw los ua cov lus hais, hais lus fairy tales, nyeem cov suab paj nruag thiab cov nqe lus luv luv los ntawm lub siab. Cov chav kawm yog ua los ntawm txhua pab pawg.

Tus kws qhia ntawv tham nrog cov me nyuam thaum sawv ntxov, taug kev, thaum ua si, tom qab tau pw lossis lwm lub sijhawm dawb. Kev sib tham tshwm sim tshwm sim los yog npaj (tus xib fwb teev cov hauj lwm los rov hais dua cov paj huam kawm, suav cov suab tsis hnov lus, thiab lwm yam). Yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv hais lus rau ib tus me nyuam, ces qhov no yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kheej. Qhov no yog kev hais lus li cas hauv cov menyuam.

Txhais kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus

Los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv thawj yau pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov khoom ua si, duab, phau ntawv, kev kawm ntawv ua si thiab ce, ntiv tes gymnastics. Kev tsim kho ntawm kev hais lus muaj kev lom zem thiab nyab xeeb yog tsim nyog, tab sis nws yooj yim dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsim kom tau npaj ua ntej. Piv txwv li, ib tug tsis tau ua menyuam roj hmab. Qhov no yog ib tug dog dig menyuam roj hmab, tab sis nws txuas poob lawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau txawv caij, qho khoom ua si tais diav, accessories, chav dej rooj tog, khoom hauv tsev thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Rau cov khoom ua si xws li cov cim thiab puppet ua yeeb yam.

Cov duab tau muab faib ua cov ntsiab lus thiab kawm. Thawj pom cov khoom lossis khoom ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nyob rau hauv ob - ib co txheej xwm (menyuam yaus ua si hauv lub thawv ntoo, tus tsav lub tsav tsheb, thiab lwm yam). Kuj muaj cov duab nrog cov duab ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog li no, cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Barto, E. Blaginina, Z. Alexandrova, lwm tus menyuam txoj kev sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj huam, cov ntaub ntawv me me ntawm cov menyuam yaus nyiam siv rau kev hais lus.

Didactic hu ua cov kev sib tw tsim los ntawm tus xibfwb nrog rau kev qhia cov menyuam. Kev hais lus txhawb kuj yog npaj rau kev kawm, tab sis lawv tsis muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm qhov kev ua si (kev ua si ua haujlwm, cuab ntxhiab, cov cai). Thaum lub caij ntiv tes ua kom cov menyuam kawm ntawv sau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm paj huam me los yog qhov chaw zov me nyuam thiab ua tes taw. Cov nyhuv yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cov lus hais thiab lub cev muaj zog yog nyob sab ntawm sab, yog li cov nyhuv rau ntawm lawv ib leeg tau sib koom tes.

Nov yog qee cov qauv ntawm kev phais ntiv tes, kev ua si ua si thiab kev ua haujlwm rau kev hais lus hauv cov thawj cov neeg yau.

1. Cov ntiv tes quav rau hauv ib rab, zoo li nws yog txhuam. Tus me nyuam txav nws txhais tes thiab nqis, hais tias: "Kuv yuav thawb lub rooj zaum thiab lub rooj, thiab tus miv Masha".

2. "Peb mam li tso jam los ntawm daim di ncauj." Tus xib fwb qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kom lawv xav tias lawv tau jam ntawm lawv daim di ncauj, thiab nws yuav tsum tau qog. Cov menyuam yaus ua tus cwj pwm coj hauv hom lus. Ce yuav pab kom qhov mobility ntawm tus nplaig, li no, ntau leej kev paub meej.

3. "Leej twg qab ntawm tsob ntoo." Tus xib fwb qhia ib daim duab uas cov tsiaj txhu hauv qab tsob ntoo, tsuas yog cov tiro ntawm cov tsiaj pom. Cov me nyuam txiav txim siab tias leej twg nkaum.

4. "Hma liab me, seev cev." Cov me nyuam nug ib qho khoom ua si chanterelle ua las voos. Yog hais tias lub hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev noj kom raug, ces cov ua cim tsis kam ua ib tug txiav txim, thiab qhov kev thov formulated lwm tus me nyuam. Cov yeeb yaj kiab me me, thiab cov me nyuam hnov lub suab seev suab paj nruas.

Cov kev kawm thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev hais lus

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus ntawm lub hnub nyoog no yog sib tham. Txhawb cov menyuam los tham, tus kws qhia ntawv nug txog kev yug me nyuam ("leej twg yog qhov no?") Thiab nug cov lus nug ("vim li cas rau lub tshav puam?"), Stimulates hais kom cov phooj ywg, cov laus (" Masha, txawm nws yuav ua si nrog peb ").

Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv yog zaj dab neeg. Tus xib fwb cov dab neeg yuav tsum yog me me hauv qhov dav, nthuav thiab qhia tawm. Piv txwv: "Hais mav, saib kuv cov menyuam roj hmab zoo nkauj. Nws lub npe yog Katya. Katya muaj muag, plaub hau muag, lub qhov muag daj, lub tsho dawb nrog cov nyees khawm thiab cov yeeb yuj sarafan. "

Txoj kev loj hlob zoo txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. Tus kws qhia nyeem ntawv paj huam thiab lus sib dhos los ntawm lub plawv, rov piav dab neeg luv luv. Yog tias qhov haujlwm ua paub me ntsis rau cov me nyuam, ces koj tuaj yeem siv txoj kev sib tham. Tus kws qhia ntawv pib qhov kab lus, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav:

Peb Tanya nrov nrov ... (quaj),

Kuv poob rau hauv dej ... (pob).

Txij li thaum tej yam khoom noj tseem tsis tau paub yuav ua li cas xav tias abstractly, preschool lus txoj kev loj hlob yog ib tug ua ke ntawm lus hom kev kawm nrog ua piv txwv: ua qauv qhia ntawm cov khoom ua si, me me duab, phau ntawv illustrations, sketches ntawm puppet thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo ua yeeb yam.

Cov tswv yim tswv yim yog cov koom haum ua si ua ub no thiab kev ua si, hais saum toj no.

Npaj ua haujlwm rau kev txhim kho kev hais lus

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev hais lus hauv PRI yog ua tiav raws li lub hom phiaj ntev, uas tus xib fwb ua tau raws li qhov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm ntawv hauv kindergarten lossis lwm daim ntawv pov thawj. Daim phiaj xwm kev npaj yuav muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv sau los yog cov lus. Lub npe ntawm lub hli, qhov kev kawm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev qhia yog qhia. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev npaj mus sij hawm ntev yog muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1.

Daim ntawv 1. Lub tswv yim npaj ua haujlwm rau lub Kaum Hlis

Raws li lub hom phiaj ntev, ib qho ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev hais lus yog tsim los. Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia, lub ntsiab lus qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv (cov khoom ua si, cov duab, thiab lwm yam), piav qhia txog cov haujlwm ua ntej (yog ua). Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kuj yog ib hom kev npaj. Kev tsim kho ntawm kev hais lus tshwm sim tawm. Cov kws kho mob yau sau txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab ib tus xibfwb muaj kev txawj ntse muaj ib txoj kev npaj mus ntev.

Cov lus pom zoo rau cov niam txiv hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov menyuam yaus

Txhim kho qhov kev hais lus hauv thawj tus neeg tseem yau yog qhov ua tau zoo, qhov kev cob qhia ntawm tus kws qhia tsis txaus. Ntau ntau nyob ntawm niam txiv thiab cov txheeb ze ze ntawm tus menyuam. Cov xib fwb qhia niam thiab txiv kom sib tham nrog ntau tus me nyuam, sib tham txog ntau yam teeb meem ("vim li cas lub paj puas loj tuaj?", "Dab tsi yog lub ntuj?", "Yuav ua li cas pub tus miv?", Etc.).

Kev hais lus ntawm ib tus neeg laus yuav tsum tau meej thiab nrov nrov. Koj tsis tuaj yeem luam cov lus ntawm tus me nyuam, hais cov lus ua raws li tus me nyuam ua.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov niam txiv koj tuaj yeem ua tus menyuam roj hmab qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub zoo, kawm txog cov paj huam luv luv. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam tus kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv niam txiv lub hauv paus.

Kev khomob yuav tsum raug muab rau cov menyuam teebmeem. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tsis txaus siab rau qhov xav paub txog tus menyuam, ces cov lus teb tuaj yeem muab tom qab, mus tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv.

Kev hais lus ntawm tus me nyuam yuav tsum raug saib xyuas kom zoo, ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws qhia, yog tias tsim nyog, hu rau tus kws kho mob hais lus.