Ivan Ilyin - philosopher, kws lij choj thiab publicist

Tswv yim uas qhia Ivan Ilyin, ib tug philosopher los ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev tshav ntuj, tam sim no muaj ib tug Renaissance. Feem ntau cov neeg tau ua lub thawj lub xeev los cim thiab nteg paj rau nws lub ntxa. Qhov no yog txawm ntau coj txawv txawv vim hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab philosopher Ivan Ilyin feem ntau yog ranked ntawm cov theories ntawm National socialism thiab neo-kev siab phem. Yuav ua li cas yog tiag tiag mus nyob rau?

slavjanofilstvo

Ivan Ilyin - Lavxias teb sab philosopher, haiv neeg, exiled nyob rau hauv 1922 nyob rau hauv "philosophical" raws li lub nkoj tawm ntawm Russia raws li kiag li tsis kam txais cov nom tswv tsoom fwv tsim nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw. Slavjanofilstvo los ntawm nws tsis raug ntiab tawm los yog mus txawv teb chaws, los sis tsis mob nostalgia - Lavxias teb sab nws hlub tag nrho nws lub plawv. Kiv puag ncig yog ib txwm ntaus nqi raws li lub teb chaws tus kab mob, uas ua ntej los yog tom qab ntawd yuav muab qhov chaw, thiab ces los txog rau lub rooj txhawb siab. Ivan Ilyin, Lavxias teb sab philosopher ntawm Lavxias teb sab xav ntsoov, nws lub neej twb tos nws teev ntawm rov qab thiab nyob rau hauv lawv cov me nyuam no mus rau txoj kev nws.

Philosophical nqe lus yog muaj tswv yim: nws yog tsis sab nraum cov kev txawj thiab lub puab lub neej ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Thiab lub philosophy yog ib txwm ntxiv ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj li lub neej, vim hais tias nws xaus lub neej. Txawm li cas los, lub neej yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm philosophy thiab nws qhov chaw, li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj. Qhov zoo, cov lus - puas tau tsis muaj tsawg daim duab dua txoj cai cov lus teb. Ntawm no yog cov tshawb fawb thiab staging cov loj tej teeb meem Ivan Ilyin, ib tug philosopher thiab ib tug Slavophile, ua hauj lwm tag nrho nws lub neej.

nationalism

Nyeem cov phau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj huam, Ivan Aleksandrovich xam tau tias yog sib npaug zos rau clairvoyance nyob rau hauv nws artistic incarnation, thiab, txiav txim los ntawm lub ntau yam ntawm kev nyeem ntawv, ib tug ntau yuav qhia heev ib tug neeg txawv. Philosopher piv nyeem ntawv nrog rau ib tug bouquet ntawm paj sau thaum lub sij hawm nyeem ntawv, thiab ntseeg tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim li nws tau nyeem nyob rau hauv phau ntawv.

Txuag tus kheej "Lavxias teb sab cim", piv txwv li haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub truest siab ntawm lo lus, yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, raws li Ilyin, yog hais tias tsis hlub kwv huam los ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam uas ob lub teb chaws cov yaj saub, thiab lub teb chaws musicians. Lavxias teb sab, nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog paj huam, tsis muaj peev xwm denationalized, txawm hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim yuav kom nws muaj nws.

Anti-communism

Ivan Ilyin - philosopher ntawm Christian morality. Nws xam tau tias yog antisocial socialism thiab communism hais lus nrog implacable npau taws heev heev: terroristich socialism, totalitarian thiab khib, thiab communism los tawm ntawm nws txaj muag thiab openly, fiercely. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis tau unaware uas lub Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia yeej ib txwm tended (thiab tseem nyhav) rau socialism yog muaj zog heev, nws yog nyob ze rau nws nyob ze rau tus tswv yim ntawm lub Paris Commune (txoj kev ywj pheej, koob pheej ntawm lawv, cov kwvtij nkauj muam socialism, tsis ua phem), thiab muaj ib zaug xwb system ntau socialist intelligentsia yeej tsis xav.

Ilyin teb rau cov lus nug xws li cov classic theorist, uas kawm txog kev ntseeg thiab kab lis kev cai: intellectuals los ntawm muaj kuab "Western" kev kawm ntawv, nws yog yuav luag ua poob lawm lub xam qhovkev rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg lub Christian txoj kev ntseeg, tab sis ob txhais tes tuav nyob rau Christian morality. Tus ntawd yog nws rau lub tshuaj cov kev cai thiab kev txiav txim, tab sis tsis yog lub fact tias lawv muaj peev xwm yuav fwm nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub neej tiag tiag nyob rau hauv kev.

siab phem

Ilina views txog kev siab phem tiag tiag baffled tsis tsuas yog peb lug txhawb cov miv, tab sis kuj zoo tib yam txawj ntse neeg. Nws twb los ntawm Russia exiled, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub teb chaws socialism, nws qhia nyob rau lub koom haum, tab sis yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev pab koomtes Aubert - anti-communist lub koom haum, uas txwv tej diplomatic kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Soviet Union, bogey liab ntshai , thiab pab mus rau cov dej num ntawm tag nrho cov anti-communist rog. Ntxiv mus, thoob plaws uas nws kis tau cov ntaub ntawv uas cov philosopher Ilin Ivan Aleksandrovich muab ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab mus rau hauv cov creation ntawm no hais tsis zoo lub koom haum, raws li ib tug ntawm nws creators. Nws ntawd kub ntev li, los ntawm txoj kev, mus txog rau thaum 1950 - yog li ntawd yog tenacious muab.

Nyob rau hauv Auber League tau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm lub fascist cov koom haum, txawm lub Nazi tog thiab cov neeg sab nrauv ntawm Mussolini. Ilyin ntseeg siab phem zog haum noj qab nyob zoo, pab tau, thiab txawm tsim nyog, txij thaum nws yog ib lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau Bolshevism li txoj cai ntawm pej xeem-watchdog quab yuam. Hais Lavxias teb sab philosopher Ilyin txog lub usefulness ntawm kev siab phem yuav tsis muab sawv mus tsis zoo tus cwj pwm txawv tej neeg hais tias, uas yog tej yam zoo li lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Rhaub noble npau taws heev, thiab Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya - ua ntej nws lub qhov muag.

Neomonarhizm

Ilyin, ib tug philosopher ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau tau ntau heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lamenting lub fact tias cov Lavxias teb sab neeg twb tsis nco qab yuav ua li cas muaj ib tug huab tais. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, Russia yuav tsuas nyob nrog lub autocracy, nyob rau hauv lwm yam ntaub ntawv, chaos ensues. Los ntawm Republican regime lawv teb chaws nws suav tsis nruj heev heev. Kiv puag ncig rau Russia, raws li Ilyin, yog ib tug hauv ntiaj teb no txaus ntshai, cov philosopher pom nyob rau hauv nws tsuas yog ib tug disgrace. Nws yog tag nrho ntawm lub tswv yim sib ntaus sib tua txog rau thaum xaus thiab, nyob rau hauv tus, los ntawm kev txhais tau tias, raws li qhov kev koom tes nrog rau lub fascist cov koom haum. Yuav kom hloov mus rau cov kev hloov ntawm system nws xav thiab saib tsis taus cov neeg uas rov qab mus rau Russia.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub thirties nyob rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab lectures Ilyin kwv yees nrog ib tug high degree ntawm kev kaj siab kev tsov kev rog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lub Soviet Union. Txoj hauj lwm yuav tau txhais nws kom meej meej thiab mus ib txhis. Nyuam qhuav pib, muab piv Russia nrog nws mob leej niam, nws nug ntawm tus nyeem ntawv: yog tias ua tau tawm los ntawm nws lub txaj nrog cog qoob loo hais tias nws yog txhaum ntawm nws kev mob kev nkeeg? Thiab nws teb: tau mas, nws yog tau tawm. Tab sis rau cov tshuaj thiab tus kws kho mob. Ilyin ua nws xaiv. Cov kws kho mob dawb "mob niam" yeej sai sai, thaum lub philosophers zaum ntawm nws lub txaj. Thiab tab sis yog Hitler pom nws tus kheej ib tug kws kho mob-tua neeg, tab sis twb tseem swb lawm.

imperialism

Lavxias teb sab I. A. Ilin, Lavxias teb sab philosopher, xam tau tias yog raws li ib tug tag nrho, thiab nyob rau hauv no nws yog kiag li txoj cai. Qhov no lub teb chaws yuav tsis faib meej thiab painlessly rau tus so ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "li cas lub ntiaj teb no dismemberment ntawm Russia," nws confidently hais tias nws tsis yog cia li piling li ntawm loj heev ib cheeb tsam thiab assorted pab pawg neeg. Zog ntawm Guj kuj - muaj sia. Cov neeg uas nyuaj txog txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev nom kev tswv kev ywj siab, Ilyin teb hais tias precedent coincidence lub xeev ntawm kev faib thiab pab pawg neeg yeej tsis tau thiab tsis pom qhov twg twb tsis tau tshwm sim. Cov dab neeg yuav pom yuam pov thawj ntawm no assertion nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ntau me me haiv neeg uas tsis muaj peev xwm rau nws tus kheej-kev txiav txim thiab lub teb chaws ywj pheej.

Raws li cov philosopher, Russia yog tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub yuam kev cai raus dej thiab universal Russification cuaj kaum txig muaj rau ntau centuries raws li ib tug mighty faj tim teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Ilyin hu denationalization ntawm communist internationalism thiab communist egalitarianism, tsis muab koj tus kheej txog cov laj thawj rau cov emergence ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, "ib tug zoo nkauj hav zoov." Lwm nthuav qhov tseeb yog tias lub thoob ntiaj teb kev koom tes ntawm cov dismemberment ntawm Russia npau suav puv mus ua ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm.

National socialism

Thiab ntawm no nws tsis yog zus ua ke. Seb Ilyin, ib tug philosopher yog tsis heev saj zawg zog, tau tsis nplas ntawm lub ncaim disguises siab phem (txawm hais tias qhov no yog tsis zoo li, lawv txiav txim los ntawm nws ntxiv ua si, cwj pwm tsis tau hloov), los yog German National socialism, uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab kev pab cuam, ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov uas tsis-Germans tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv Ilyina heev zealous supporter ntawm fascist views, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1938 Lavxias teb sab philosopher thiab politician zoo xav nyob rau hauv lub Gestapo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lectures ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab raws li sau ntawv rau cov me nyuam yaus ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kab lis kev cai, dua, Lavxias teb sab, hais txog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm Russia - tsis Soviet tsoom fwv, kev cai dab qhuas nyob rau hauv dav dav thiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv particular, Ilyin yog Workers Wrangel EMRO (Lavxias teb sab Tag nrho cov-tub rog Union ) txij li thaum pib ntawm lub twenties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab yog txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws ideological kev tshoov siab. zoo txaus Ilin kuj paub cov thawj coj ntawm lub NTS - National Alliance ntawm Lavxias teb sab Solidarists (kuj yog ib tug ntau lub tuam txhab!) - ua hauj lwm thiab heev zoo nrog lawv, txawm hais tias ib yam ntawm cov ob tog txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej, nws yeej tsis tuaj. Cuaj kaum, tag nrho cov cov kev ua ub twb nkaus qhia tiv thaiv cov Soviet Union.

non-partisan

Philosophy thiab kev nom kev tswv tsis feem ntau zoo li yuav nyob ze txaus rau cov neeg thiab lub zoo dua hais txog txhua lwm yam npaaj, tab sis nyob rau Ilina lawv nyob ib qho chaw central nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Cov lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv nom tswv ntsiab lus, nws tau mus ncig thoob plaws teb chaws Europe: nws yog nyob rau hauv Austria, Yugoslavia, Czech koom pheej, Belgium, Switzerland, Latvia, lub teb chaws Yelemees - ntau tshaj ob puas nrug nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo kom txog rau thaum 1938.

Luam tawm thoob plaws hauv lub emigre xovxwm, "Revival", "Lavxias teb sab Invalid", "New Era", "txoj kev tshiab", "Russia thiab lub Slavs", "Lavxias teb sab" - tag nrho cov khoom thiab koj lub npe nws. "Lavxias teb sab tswb," nws luam tawm nws tus kheej. Thiab nco ntsoov tiv thaiv lub Peb International. Txawm li cas los, aktivnichaya nom tswv predfashistskoy thiab twb nyuaj thaum Hitler lub teb chaws Europe, Illin muaj nuj nqis nws nonpartisan. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas lub Gestapo xam tau tias yog nws insufficiently loyal rau National socialism. Nws cov ntaub ntawv tau raug puas tau raug ntes, txwv qhia, raws li zoo raws li tej nqe lus nyob rau hauv pej xeem.

Nyob rau hauv lub underground

Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog tau tawm, tab sis tawm hauv lub tsev neeg Ilyin raug txwv los ntawm lub Nazi cov tub ceev xwm. livelihood kiag sim vim kev txwv tsis pub tej yam uas zoo ntawm kev ua si, uas muaj Ilyin. Tshiab chaw nyob ntawm Switzerland raug xaiv, ib tug nplua nuj lub teb chaws, thiab tsis tau nkag mus ua tsov ua rog. Visas twb tau nrog kev pab los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov acquaintances, thiab nyob rau hauv 1938 lub philosopher tswm nyob rau outskirts ntawm Zurich nyob rau hauv Zollikon. Luam tawm nws anti-communist ua hauj lwm ntawm Ivan Ilyin tsis tau nres, lawv cia li mus unsigned, anonymous.

Ob puas thiab kaum tsib ntawv mus txog ib leeg li ROVS Dawb khwb. Tom qab, cov khoom yog ib tug phau ntawv, "Peb ua hauj lwm," tab sis nws tsis yog luam tawm Ilyin. Philosopher, uas nws phau ntawv mam li nco dheev rov qab mus rau Russia thiab kaw ntom nti txaus kawm, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhob tos. Nws lub ntsiab tej hauj lwm, xws li nrov - "Hu nkauj lub plawv", raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub 1956-1958 xyoo tom qab nws tuag. Thaum tus heev kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nyob rau hauv 1953, nws tau luam tawm ib daim hais tias nws sau tau ntau tshaj peb caug xyoo - "axioms ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev."

nco rov qab

Tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv Russia tau tsiv thiab reburied Ilina lub cev, Shmelev thiab Denikin. Tag nrho cov tombstones tau tsim los pab rau tus kheej nyiaj Thawj Tswj Hwm V. V. Putina. Pam tuag cov tsav oration ntawm Denikin twb voiced rau thawj lub sij hawm, tab sis lub philosopher Ilyin ntsiab neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws hais tsis ntev los no ntau heev. Txawm nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws los ua ke Thawj Tswj Hwm muaj ib tug es lengthy quote. Links mus Ilyin tsis nyuaj los ntawm ob daim di ncauj ntawm Attorney General Ustinov thiab Deputy taub hau ntawm lub Administration ntawm lub Kremlin Surkov. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, raws li ib tug tau zus ib ntawm orthodoxy Ilyin heev respectful ntawm lub ROC.