Irony, satire, lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - nws ... Parse hom comic

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tsim nyog los txhais tau lub comic. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cuab tam uas tso cai rau kom qhib, yuav tshem tau kabmob lub neej contradictions, thiab cov ib txwm nyob luag ntxhi. Lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, qhov no tsis sib xws tej zaum yuav pom xwb nyob rau cov lus hais theem, daim zajlus tsiv (thaum lub hero, piv txwv li, ntog mus rau hauv ib co funny lub sijhawm) los yog nyob rau hauv qhov (tsis txaus nws tus kheej-saib nws tus kheej ib tug cim tsis tooj mus rau kev txiav txim siab).

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tis tis strife. Satire thiab kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - yog ob tug sib txawv tswv yim. Yog hais tias tus thawj muaj siab dawb siab zoo luag lub cim ntawm tus tshiab los yog dab neeg luv luv, lub tom kawg prefers tsis yuav nrees lub cim thiab kev phem deeds. Thiab nws yog heev deb ntawm funny dab neeg Shukshin thaum ntxov Chekhov - raws li zoo raws li ntawm pamphlets Swift - grotesque nrog phantasmagoric unjoinable plexus. Qhov no zoo ntawm tis muaj tsis muaj lus zoo siab.

Lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - nws yog ...

Cov hom yog pom tias yuav ua tau lub feem ntau ntau yam ntawm lub comic. Rau hauv sib piv, nws yog ib qhov zoo satire, bezzloben, tab sis yog tsis devoid ntawm ib tug tej yam heev. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - los pab cov cim kom tshem tau ntawm lawv tej kev phem zoo. Lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - yog ib tug series ntawm comic teeb meem, embarrassing yuam kev. Txawm li cas los, tus hero vim hais tias lawv tsis poob attractiveness, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv "tuag Souls" thiab "keeb kwm ntawm ib tug lub zos". Literature proves nws. Sancho Panza yog lub embodiment ntawm xws li ib tug cim. Nws yog deb ntawm zoo tagnrho: ib tug neeg tais caus, yeej ib txwm raug coj los ntawm nws cov neeg pluag prudence, uas yog vim li cas nws tsis cia nws ua mob rau nws tus kheej.

Ib tug tseem ceeb feature ntawm kev lom zem - thaum kindly luag rau lwm tus neeg, koj tsis paub tias raws li koj pib them sai sai rau lawv shortcomings, sim mus kho lawv. Siv no version ntawm cov phau ntawv dab neeg tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv ib tug npau taws txawj ntse, tsis tseem ceeb txaus - lub sublime, thiab ua tim khawv rau hauv lub qhov uas phem. Yog tsis muaj kev lom zem yuav tsis nyob tej qub neeg, txawm nws tu siab heev hom yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Remarque ib zaug hais tias, peb nyob luag ntxhi thiab dag rau hauv tag nrho vim hais tias muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug nkag siab ntawm kev lom zem. Thiab vim hais tias tsis muaj nws, peb yuav poob.

Tej hauj lwm embodying ntsiab ntawm kev lom zem, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog zaj dabneeg ntawm Gogol, thiab rau yam twg cov kev ua si Ostrovsky, Chekhov. Soviet cov ntaub ntawv muab rau peb Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog kev lom zem nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv (tus naas ej "Lub Adventures ntawm Tom Sawyer").

irony

Irony distinguishes ib tug tshwj xeeb Zoo siab txais tos thaum twg, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov tsis zoo lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub qhia yog muab zais qab nws lwm zoo sab. Nyob rau hauv no iab tis twb acquires xim. Sib piv cov saum toj no piv txwv ntawm kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv cov irony nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm Nekrasov. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "KALISTRATOV" comic nyhuv yog raws li nyob rau hauv tus txheem cog lus niam hais tias nws tus me nyuam yuav nyob ib tug zoo siab lub neej, thiab cov kev muaj tiag ntawm ib tug neeg pluag tus tub nyob rau hauv hais tias lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub txog tus irony, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov xav txog lub ntsiab lus teb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Chichikov "tuag Souls," tus tub ceev xwm chief hu ib tug zoo-nyeem txiv neej. Nws nkawd hais tias nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas tso cai rau ntseeg nws fallibility. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub cev tseem: "Peb muaj (uas yog, cov thawj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm) tag nrho hmo ntuj poob ntawm whist." Lub irony, raws li zoo raws li kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - ib tug convergence ntawm ob lub hom phiaj, conventionally xa mus rau raws li ib tug muab thiab tso cai. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "tuag Souls" yog cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm discredit luag thuam yam khoom saum toj no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm no faib nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, yuav tsis yeej ib txwm tau ua nyob rau hauv xyaum.

satire

Yog hais tias lub kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - yog li ib txwm thuam ntawm tus neeg, cov satire yog aimed ntawm yam ntawm kev sib raug lub neej uas tsim nyog thuam. Luag kawg, feem ntau yog los ntawm okarikaturivaniya, lus, cov duab nyob rau hauv ib tug absurd txoj kev. Yuav kom muab tso rau nab tus xeeb ntxwv, tus satire executes no imperfect ntiaj teb no, yog ua txhua yam kom yaj nws nrog lawv zoo tagnrho cov kev pab cuam. Nws tsis nrhiav kom dhau ib lifelike cim, nws sharpens, exaggerates nws, nws coj mus rau lub absurd.

Ib tug piv txwv ntawm satire - "Lub Master thiab Margarita" los ntawm Bulgakov. Tshwj xeeb deserved ridicule "Griboyedov tsev", uas los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj dab tsi yog sab laug, thiab tag nrho cov qhov rooj nyob rau hauv ib tug "kev cai" lub tsev kawm ntawv dai qhia "ntses-lub caij ntuj sov chaw nyob seem."

Tseem satire piav yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm nws yog embodied nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab daim ntawv. Nws yog ib tug tshiab yuav npog kom ntau li ntau tau spheres ntawm kev muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv no satire yog yeej ib txwm raws sij hawm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, yog tias satirist pib las uas tsis yog-qhov tseem ceeb (los sis txawm qhov twg ntxiv lawm) faults, ces nws txaus ntshai ua ib tug luag Tshuag.

sarcasm

Nrog sarcasm Greek thiab txhais - "torment." Qhov no zoo ntawm comic irony yog nyob ze, tab sis kev chim siab yog manifested ntau tab cem ntau kom meej meej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Duma," lub kws sau paj lug hais tias sarcastically hais tias nws lub contemporaries yog nplua nuj menyuam txaj "uas tsis ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab tom qab ntawd lawv lub siab." Sarcasm yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pamphlets thiab lwm yam zoo xws lwm yam.

grotesque

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, Raphael nrog nws cov thwj tim thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations pom weird drawings, uas lub npe hu ua lub grotesque (los ntawm lo lus "Grotto"). Nws tseem yog hais tias lub comic nyhuv yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub tau ntawm qhov tiag tiag thiab qhov zoo heev, txawm absurd. Suffice nws nco qab uas ploj lawm qhov ntswg ntawm Major Kovalev Gogol cob moos los yog ib tug cov khoom ua si lub taub hau nyob rau hauv Saltykov-Shchedrin tshiab.