Koom Haum Niam Ukraine: nta, lub yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv

Ukraine tus nyem yog heev ntau yam. Muaj yog yuav luag txhua yam: lub roob thiab lub nras, tej qhov tsua, canyons, seem ntawm coral reefs thiab txawm xuab zeb dunes! Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub nyem ntawm Ukraine? Minerals uas hom nyob rau hauv lub bowels ntawm lub teb chaws no? Nyeem txog nws nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Ukraine thiab nws cov ntsiab nyem ntaub ntawv

Feem ntau ntawm cov teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv lub loj qauv - lub East European Tiaj. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine towering roob ntawm medium qhov siab. Zuag qhia tag nrho, hais txog 95% ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev - ib tug dawb, thiab tsuas 5% nyob los ntawm cov roob ranges thiab massifs.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyem ntawm Ukraine yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau hais txog nws siab tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj taw tes ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian Carpathians, nyob rau hauv kev tswj ciam teb ntawm lub Transcarpathian thiab Ivano-Frankivsk cheeb tsam, nws yog ib lub roob siab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - Goverla. Nws tsis qhov siab ntawm 2061 'meter'. Txhua xyoo, txhiab tus Ukrainians ascent rau nws qhov ua siab tshaj. Tab sis nyob ib ncig ntawm Kuyal'nitskogo estuary (Odessa cheeb tsam) yog tus nqi qis tshaj taw tes ntawm Ukraine (rho tawm 5 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem).

Lub ntiaj teb nto rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine twb tsim lab xyoo, rau ntau geological epochs. Nws txoj kev loj hlob kuj los ntawm tectonic taw thiab qhov tseeb thiab ntau haib glaciations. Vim lub topography ntawm Ukraine nws ua zoo tshawb fawb thiab txoj kev txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nws tau tshuav nws cov cim thiab tsausmuag tib neeg kev ua ub no.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nyem Ukraine astonishingly varied. Muaj roob thiab hav, lowlands thiab uplands. Karst, nqes hav, aeolian, dej yaig, glacial thiab biogenic - tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nyem yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws.

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov topography ntawm Ukraine

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Nroj tsuag ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm Ukraine yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: lub tsev txhab nyiaj, uas yog yeej los ntawm lub meej altitude ntawm dua 200 meters, thiab rau sab laug bank, lub meej qhov siab ntawm uas yog tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj li 200 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyem nyob rau hauv txoj cai-bank ib feem ntawm Ukraine - yog lub nplua mais ntawm dov toj, qhov sib txawv ntawm altitudes rau lub roob hav, tseem ceeb muab faib rau Karst cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau sab laug bank predominate raws qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo, nrog zoo tsim hav dej thiab tuab network thiab ravines.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm Ukraine nyob los ntawm cov Polesye lowland nrog ib tug nruab nrab altitude ntawm 100-250 meters. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Zhytomyr sawv Slovechansko-Ovruch cav nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 316 meters. Cov forests thiab swamps ntawm lub lowland heev glacial thiab aeolian landforms.

Feem ntau ntawm cov Western Ukraine yuav siv sij hawm Podolsk upland, raws li zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov uas tsis muaj-roob massifs (Voronyaki, Gologory thiab lwm tus). Ntawm no nws yog nyob thiab Khotyn upland nrog lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub tiaj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws - lub roob Byrd (515 meters).

Lub nyem ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine yog mas tiaj tus. Qhov no monotony me ntsis dilutes lub Donetsk Ridge, Azov thiab upland, spurs uas tuaj mus rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj. Yuav luag tag nrho cov sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine (raws li tau zoo raws li lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Crimean ceg av qab teb) yuav siv sij hawm nws kim heev Dub hiav txwv Lowland, nruab nrab qhov siab mas nws txawv ntawm 80-120 meters.

Lub nyem ntawm Ukraine yog hais tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub nras, tab sis lub roob yog hom twg. Nyob rau hauv lub deb sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau Ukrainian Carpathians, muaj raws ntawm ob peb nrog thaum uas tig mus ridges.

Luv luv txog lub teb chaws lub mineral kev pab

Ukraine yog cov lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj kaum lub teb chaws los ntawm tag nrho cov reserves ntawm mineral kev pab. Lub ntsiab wealth ntawm lub teb chaws - yog cov hlau ore nrog ib tug raug siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ferrum. Nws lub ntsiab deposits yog feeb meej nyob rau kryvbas. Ore tsuas yog nqa tawm txij thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv Ukraine muaj tshaj 20 txhiab tso ntawm ntau tshaj pua pua ntawm cov sib txawv minerals. Ntawm lawv, thee, lignite, leej faj, nkev, poov tshuaj ntsev, hlau thiab manganese ores, phosphorites, Granites, marl, amber thiab lwm tus neeg.

Topography thiab natural resources ntawm Ukraine yog heev zoo txuas. Yog li, lub ntsiab thee reserves yog feeb meej nyob rau Donetsk ntau, roj thiab cov nkev - Poltava dawb. Los ntawm qhov ntawm lub crystalline ntaub thaiv npog rau lub Dnieper upland ceev loj tso ntawm hlau thiab manganese ores. Nedra Podolsk upland tshua muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv raw.

Podolsk upland

Podolsk upland - orographic qauv, uas occupies txog 15% ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine. Nws yav qab teb spurs kuj tuaj mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm nyob sib ze Moldova. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub toj - Mount Kamuli (471 meter). Qhov nruab nrab altitude yog 300-350 meters.

Podolsky nce muaj mas limestone, sandstone, shale thiab marl. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no muaj kev koom mined ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub nyem ntawm lub roob kom meej meej pom ib tug neeg arrays: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, Kremenets roob, Tovtry thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian Podillya heev Karst. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Ternopil cheeb tsam, muaj txog 100 tej qhov tsua. Cov lawv yog cov ntev gypsum qhov tsua nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe - optimistic. Tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm nws cov mob stroke yog kwv yees 250 kis lus mev.

Dub hiav txwv lowland

Dub hiav txwv Lowland occupies yuav luag tag nrho cov sab qab teb ntawm Ukraine, extending los ntawm Ishmael rau Berdyansk. Nws yog tiaj tus thiab me ntsis inclined ntawm lub hiav txwv Tiaj nrog ib tug nruab nrab altitude ntawm 80-120 meters.

Los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb hla lub lowland hav ntawm peb niam dej loj - cov Dnieper, Dniester thiab yav qab teb kab. Nyob rau hauv lub watersheds ntawm cov dej muaj cov cim ntaub ntawv ntawm nyem - qhov thiaj li hu ua pods. Qhov no me me sib npaug yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto, tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm subsidence ntawm tus hais sib sib zog nqus.

Nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub dub thiab Azov seas tsim ob peb loj Estuaries (Dnieper, Dniester, mis nyuj, thiab lwm yam), raws li zoo raws li ib tug plurality ntawm nqaim xuab zeb nqaub thiab islets.

Ukrainian Carpathians

Ukrainian Carpathians - yog ib feem ntawm lub loj loj Carpathian roob, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab npog ib ncig ntawm lub plaub qhov chaw. Lawv muaj xws li ob peb thaum uas tig mus ridges taw qhia kom paub nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm cov qaum teb hnub poob rau sab qab teb. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog heev sib sib zog nqus longitudinal lub sab.

Tag nrho cov ntev ntawm Ukrainian Carpathians yog 280 km, thiab qhov nruab nrab dav - txog 110 km. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub roob cheeb tsam npog kwv yees li 24,000 square kilometers, uas yog piv nrog rau cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Mykolayiv cheeb tsam.

Lub geological qauv ntawm lub roob system yeej chalky deposits thiab Jurassic limestones thiab schists. Cov mineral kev pab yog muab rho roj, roj thiab mineral ciab. Muaj ntau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev kho neeg mob ntxhia dej.

Montenegro - lub siab tshaj plaws caj ntawm lub Ukrainian

Nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian Carpathians, muaj rau thiaj li hu ua dvuhtysyachnika - Toj siab saum toj no rau hauv lub cim ntawm 2000 meters. Nws me ntsis: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, pip Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik thiab ribs. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib roob ntau - lub Montenegrin.

Chornogora Ridge yuav hu ua lub culmination ntawm tag nrho cov Ukrainian Carpathians. Nws yog tus nrov tshaj plaws lo lus uas peb cov tourists. Lub caj stretches yuav luag 20 kilometers thiab ib tug watershed ntawm ob loj Eastern European dej - lub Tisza thiab Prut.

Ib tug array ntawm Montenegro kuj asymmetrical. Nws yav qab teb qhov chaw siab tshaj sai vau thiab muaj me me los yog tsis muaj branching. Tab sis rau sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug high degree ntawm branching thiab txo nyob rau hauv tiers. Tiv thaiv Montenegro yuav saib glacial landforms - me me boilers, tus mob rocky ledges thiab Moraine ridges.

Tovtry - ib tug tshwj xeeb tej yam ntuj tso tsim

Hais txog Ukraine tus nyem, tsis hais qhov Tovtry. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem nthuav geomorphological formations nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj xwb ib ob peb ntawm nws cov phooj ywg.

Txhob kaw Tovtry - yog ib tug lossis loj coral reef uas ncav us txog rau ob peb puas kilometers. Nws originates nyob ze lub zos Pidkamin Lviv cheeb tsam, thiab xaus nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Costesti, yog twb nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Moldova. Pua pua ntawm cov tsheej lab ntawm xyoo dhau los nyob rau qhov no lub teb chaws splashing sov Sarmatian hiav txwv, organic lub neej uas blossomed riotous xim. Grand Toltrovy li uas peb pom niaj hnub no - qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov active lom dab.

Tovtry dav yog hom twg los ntawm 4 mus rau 12 km thiab altitude mus txog 430 meters. Tag nrho ntev ntawm lub caj muaj 65 quarries, qhov twg mined limestone, gypsum thiab av nplaum.

Anthropogenic nyem nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine

Koom Haum Niam Ukraine tau ntau hloov los ntawm tib neeg economic kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnov nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw xws li Donbass los yog Kryvbas qhov twg lub extraction ntawm hlau ore thiab thee los ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog koom ua.

Yog li, nyob ib ncig ntawm ntau lub zos ntawm Donetsk thiab Luhansk cheeb tsam pua pua ntawm heaps li. Cov me me lub khob hliav qab-zoo li tus toj, muaj raws ntawm pov tseg pob zeb - ib yam ntawm cov by-cov khoom ntawm cov thee kev lag luam. Tab sis teb chaws Kryvorizhzhya zoo li ib tug sieve, them nrog mines, failures thiab loj loj Craters nyob rau cheeb tsam thiab qhov tob ntawm hlau ore chaw txua txiag zeb.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov channel ntawm lub Dnieper thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam loj ntws ntawm Ukraine tau sim los ntawm cov loj heev dams. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, loj heev lub teb chaws tsuas yog zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej, thiab lub nyem ntawm qhov cheeb tsam surrounding tau radically hloov.

Yog li, lub active ua lag ua luam neeg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua ho hloov qhov xwm ntawm tus nto, tsim ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm nyem.