Neologisms Mayakovsky piv txwv

Neologisms Mayakovsky - ib tug heev tawm tshwm sim nyob rau lub Lavxias teb sab XX caug xyoo. Paj Huam Vladimir yeej ib txwm tau innovation thiab originality. Piv txwv li, lub kws sau paj lug feem ntau ua txhaum poetic qhov ntev, tsom rau zaj lus sib dhos. Txawm li cas los, lub siab tshaj plaws kev qhia kab Mayakovsky twb yeej ib txwm txuas neologisms. Peb tham txog lawv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug neologism?

Ua ntej yuav pib mus lauj neologisms Mayakovsky, qhia rau peb txhais tau lub sij hawm "neologism". Yog li ntawd, lo lus no muaj Greek cov hauv paus hniav thiab muaj ob cag: "neos" (txhais li "tshiab") thiab "logos" ntsiab lus "lo lus." Xws li neologisms hu ua tshiab, cia li los lus los yog ob peb ua ke ntawm cov lo lus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hais lus, lawv yog tam sim ntawd hnov vim hais tias ntawm nws cov freshness thiab novelty.

Hais lus copyright neologisms, muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab cov lus uas tau yees ua los ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, thiab siv lawv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Cov neologisms, raws li txwv mus rau cov neeg uas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus, portrayed feem ntau tsuas yog nyob rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm.

Vim li cas cov phau ntawv ntawm Mayakovsky thiaj li muaj ntau neologisms?

Neologisms nyob rau hauv Mayakovsky lub paj huam - yog tsis yog tus sau txoj kev sim kho cov ntawv nyeem yog, coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav sound, ib tug kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim. Zaum tau muaj pov thawj hais tias tus active tsim ntawm neologisms pib tshwm sim nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum nws tsis ruaj tsis khov los yog pib muaj kev koom tsim hauj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, nws tsis yog li ntawd ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm neologisms tau nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Lub sij hawm no yog yus thiab cov kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab active urbanization.

Los ntawm txoj kev, ua cov Futurists, uas sawv daws khoom ib Mayakovsky, hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub hauj kiv puag ncig thiab kwv yees ib tug zoo yav tom ntej technology.

Txawm li cas los, sib nrug los ntawm cov purely lwm cov lus tseeb, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los tsis nco qab thiab hais txog cov txuj ci ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Mayakovsky txua lus tshiab rau ntau kom meej meej thiab vividly qhia koj txoj kev xav thiab ncus. Piv txwv li, "opozharenny" xuab zeb (los ntawm cov paj huam "Lilichka") - nyob rau hauv no neologism ib tug ntau ntau cwj pwm txawv dua lo lus "kub" los yog "kub", nws yog ib tug neologism los ntawm lo lus "hluav taws", uas qhia ntxiv qhov tseem ceeb: hlawv, hlawv kub nyhiab, scalds, txuag (txij li thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tua hluav taws feem ntau ib yam dab tsi puas), thiab li ntawd.

Ib me ntsis txog Mayakovsky lus

Neologisms Mayakovsky - ib feem ntawm cov thawj lus ntawm nws paj huam. Tab sis yog vim li cas qhov no txoj kev tau ua ib qhov tseem ceeb rau nws?

Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, Mayakovsky kho Futurists, los yog es, mus hais tias ntawm nws kev taw qhia, uas ris lub npe ntawm tus Cubo. Cubo-Futurists ntseeg hais tias cov tshiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, yog li ntawd lawv txawj Nkij los txuam rau thiab kho cov lus paj huam. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog los tsim unconventional, thawj thiab tshiab lus. Mayakovsky raws li ib tug ntawm cov Cubo-Futurists kis lo lus-txoj kev thav duab ntawm lub haiv neeg hom lus, uas ua rau nws to tsim thawj thiab tiag tiag li dluab.

Piv txwv li, siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm lub twb hais paj huam "Lilichka": "... obezumlyus, tag kev cia siab excised." Cov ob neologism (obezumlyus thiab excise) yuav pab sau ntawv heev succinctly qhia hauv lub xeev ntawm lub lyrical hero.

Cov feem nthuav neologisms kws sau paj lug

Wb sau nto moo tshaj plaws thiab txawv txawv neologisms Mayakovsky. piv txwv:

• "Serdtselyudye" - lub npe Mayakovsky muab cov neeg uas yuav nyob rau Mars (cov paj huam "Hais txog ntawd").
• "Goloshtanny" - qhov no feature yog li ntawd muab mus rau cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau xaiv lub hwj chim ntawm lub bourgeoisie los yog cov Council, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin".
• "Drygonozhestvo" - qhov no epithet mus Kshesinskaia ballerina, uas yog ib tug nyiam ntawm Nicholas II.
• "Sickle" thiab "molotkastye" passport ua lub kawm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug hlob.
• "Ispavlinitsya" - qhov no piav qhia muab Mayakovsky tsev, txhua txhua lub qhov rais uas yuav tsum tau pom xim.
• "Bykomordaya" thiab "myasomyasaya" neeg coob coob tshwm sim rau cov nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug.
• "Verblyudokorabledrakoni" squadron yog piav nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Lub Tsib International".
• "Zadolitsey" Mayakovsky hu tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv tib zaj paj huam, rau siab ua Lenin.

Neologisms Mayakovsky: "Lub extraordinary taug txuj kev nyuaj ..." (zaj paj huam)

Cov ua hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv 1920, thiab nws cov ntsiab cim yog tus sau nws tus kheej. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus - ib tug yooj yim tab sis noble poetic ua hauj lwm. Cov paj huam ua rau kev sib tham thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug qhia tau journalistic hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lub ntsiab artistic cov txheej txheem yog los sib piv - piv Mayakovsky muaj tswv yim txoj kev ntawm lub paj huam nrog rau lub neej ntawm lub hnub.

Tam sim no wb tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam hais txog dab tsi siv neologisms Mayakovsky paj huam "extraordinary taug txuj kev nyuaj". Los yog es, peb sau lawv thiab piav qhia txog lawv cov kev ua:

• "Hump" toj - ib tug sib piv ntawm cov toj nrog ib tug hump.
• "Lub Zos" - lo lus zos siv nyob rau hauv lub masculine yog txivneej los pojniam.
• "Zlatolobo" - ntawm lub hnub, uas yog, lub "golden lub taub hau" - ib tug neologism siv mus rau ib tug ntau zoo nkauj thiab capacious qhia ntawm lub ntsiab lus.
• "Luch-kauj ruam" - lub hnub lub rays muab los piv nrog cov kauj ruam uas qhia tus mus kom ze ntawm lub hnub mus rau lub kws sau paj lug.
• "Ntsia" - uas yog, cia peb nce mus - txoj kev hu nrog lub hnub.
• "Sonnitsa" - tus txheem mus rau lo lus "insomnia", piv txwv li, koj nkees nkees, muaj siab mus pw tsaug zog.

Peb tau teev tseg tag nrho cov neologisms nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Mayakovsky "extraordinary taug txuj kev nyuaj". Los ntawm cov piv txwv nws yuav pom tias lub kws sau paj lug siv tej lo lus tshiab los muab ib tug ntau tiag tiag li imagery ntawm nws zaj paj huam, zoo li xav ua kom lawv cov kev qhia ntau yog thiab ceev.

Nta cov lus kev kawm ntawv Mayakovsky

Kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, linguists pom tau hais tias cov kws ntawv tsim kom muaj ntau yam lus uas muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm neologisms Mayakovsky. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv nqa tej yam kev cai nyob rau hauv lub derivation ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

• Tus kws sau ntawv feem ntau siv lub prefix "haiv neeg" thiab "lub sij hawm." Piv txwv li, "rasprazdnuem", "rasparhivalsya", "razmaysya", "razgazelis", "razdokazhu" thiab m. P.
• Rau verbs Mayakovsky hlub muab "koj" thiab "c", uas muab lo lus tseem ceeb xws li tag nrho cov kawm tiav, tiav thiab qaug: "tho tawm", "perched", "vyhvalivaet", "vysinit".
• Noj nrog tus verbs "rau" cov kws sau paj lug muab lawv tus nqi ntawm cov pib ntawm lub "zasvistyvayut", "screwed", "zatrubadurila".
• Pub ntxiv tshaj tsiaj ntawv ua pib "ua ntej" thiab "txog" yog hais txog mus nqa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov kawg, "doskakivaem", "protselovali".
• Part verbs Mayakovsky ntaub ntawv ntawm nouns, siv saum toj no hais consoles "razmedvedil", "vymetalliziroval".

Ob peb yam piv txwv ntawm lo lus tsim

Neologisms Mayakovsky tus zoo nkauj ntau yam. Rau derivation yog li ntawd siv tsis tau tsuas yog consoles, tab sis lus:

• Piv txwv li, ib tug outdated suffix "e", uas yog tsis siv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus: "dyade", "Dame", "qhua", "junk" (lo lus no yog li ntawd lug siv niaj hnub no, twb xub coined los ntawm Mayakovsky).
• Heev feem ntau, cov kws sau paj lug siv diminutive suffix "luchenyshki", "yazycheshkoy", "statishke", "zhiznishku".

xaus

Yog li, peb yuav xaus uas lub neologisms ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - yog tsis yog ib tug stylistic phenomenon, tab sis ib txhia yus system kev khiav hauj lwm raws li nws tus kheej txoj cai. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no system, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm Mayakovsky, uas tseem ua nws qhev txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm nws txoj kev xav thiab precision kev qhia. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob tias ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab Cubo-Futurists, Vladimir Mayakovsky los ua tus nto moo tshaj plaws.