Hom ntawm dictionaries - dab tsi nws yog ib thiab yog dab tsi yog siv

Raws li zaum (linguists thiab psiholinvisty), rau txhua txhua hnub lub neej nruab nrab tus neeg "mus rau lub taub hau" nco txog ib txhiab lo lus. Txawm li cas los, cov lus ntawm educated Europeans yog hais txog kaum rau nees nkaum txhiab. Nws yog ib qho active siv, thaum paub thiab to taub peb tau txog ob mus rau ib ob thiab ib nrab sij hawm raws li ntau lo lus. Tab sis sai li sai tau raws li ib tug neeg raus rau hauv tej tshwj xeeb, kev txawj ntse ntawm lub lag luam, lub npe - yog txawm knitting los yog txiav tawm - nws xav tau kev pab thiab kev rau qhov no sector txhais tau tias kev qhia. Thiab yog hais tias peb tas li muaj nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv - peb cia li tas yuav lub feem ntau ntau haiv neeg hom ntawm dictionaries. Linguists thiab txhais muaj tus cwj pwm uas siv xws reference cov phau ntawv - nws yog lawv tshwj xeeb. Cov feem nrov ntawm lawv hom dictionaries - nws yog feem ntau hom lus hab cov multilingual - muab lo lus los txhais ua ib lossis ntau hom lus. Muaj tsua, thiab thesauri, thiab dictionaries ntawm tej pab pawg neeg. Piv txwv li, txawv teb chaws lus, etymological (piav qhia txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tokens), ntse. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus txawm tsis yooj yim rau enumerate. Yog hais tias koj xav paub dab tsi nruab nrab yog ib tug lo lus los yog tswvyim, koj yuav tsum tau siv paub tab paub xav (xws li, edited los yog Ozhegova Dahl) los yog encyclopedic phau ntawv txhais lus.

Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua lo lus yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv xws ntawv: piv txwv li, lawv yuav tsis muaj lub heev tshwj xeeb terminology. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov dictionaries, uas muaj tshwj xeeb (kev kho mob, kev, zauv) cov ntsiab lus uas. Tus nqi ntawm idioms - zoo, yam tsawg kawg ib tug "pigeonhole" los yog "noj aub" - peb yuav mus saib phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm phraseology. Heev feem ntau xws Wage xav tau rau txhais cov ntawv tseeb thiab cia li kawm ib yam lus. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg lus nruas yog tseeb los ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb, mus rau hauv lus Askiv los yog German yuav tsis tau txhais nws cia, ceev nqi.

Muaj kuj yog li-hu ua "rov qab" hom dictionaries - yog hais tias lo lus no feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv alphabetical kev txiav txim ntawm ib, ob thiab tom ntej cov tsiaj ntawv, ces piv txwv li, lus sib dhos phau ntawv txhais lus yog tus kawg ntawm lo lus thiab sorting mus nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab.

Yog hais tias peb xa mus rau dictionaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, hom uas yog heev ntau haiv neeg, nws yuav tsum tau hais txog lub zaus, thiab semantic dictionaries. Cov ntawm cov pogruppirovany lus los ntawm zaus ntawm kev siv los yog thematic pawg: los ntawm lub nucleus (lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm tokens) mus rau lub periphery.

Tseem muaj hom dictionaries, zoo li txawv - lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau los xyuas qhov txawv ntawm ib lo lus, pronouncing - uas soj ntsuam lub suab thiab hais, dialectic (los yog regional), uas sau thiab piav txog lexicon hwv pawg (lub thiaj-hu ua dialects). Neologisms, obsolete lus - uas yog, cov neeg uas muaj yog nyuam qhuav nkag mus hauv cov lus thiab tsis tau mastered nws los yog tsis tau siv - yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov dictionaries (historicism, obsolete lus, lo lus tshiab). Thaum kawg, yog kuj yog xws li hom dictionaries uas yog hais muaj tswv yim txawj sau ntawv los yog ib tug kws sau paj lug, nrog cov lus piav qhia txog cov specifics ntawm nws cov kev siv ntawm tej lo lus. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, lub "phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Pushkin Language", "phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov tej hauj lwm Esenina" thiab lwm tus neeg.