Heterotrophic - nws yog rau lub cev?

Noj mov - ib hom ntawm ib tug txheej txheem los ntawm cov uas lub cev tau txais qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog thiab as-ham rau cell metabolism, kho thiab kev loj hlob.

Heterotrophs: general yam ntxwv

Heterotrophic - cov kab mob uas siv cov organic khoom noj khoom haus qhov chaw. Lawv yuav tsis tsim organic tebchaw los ntawm inorganic, raws li yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photo- los yog chemosynthesis autotrophs (ntsuab nroj tsuag thiab ib co prokaryotes). Uas yog vim li cas cov ciaj sia taus ntawm cov piav kab mob nyob rau cov kev ua ntawm autotrophs.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias heterotrophs - ib tug txiv neej, tsiaj txhu, fungi, thiab cov nroj tsuag thiab micro-kab uas tsis muaj peev xwm photo- los yog chemosynthesis. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hais tias muaj yog ib tug tej hom kab mob uas siv lub teeb zog tsim nws tus kheej organic tshuaj. Nws fotogeterotrofy.

Heterotrophs tau cov khoom noj nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Tab sis lawv yog txo mus rau peb lub ntsiab dab (plab zom mov, haum thiab assimilation), nyob rau hauv uas complex molecular ceg yog cleaved rau yooj yim thiab absorbed los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tom siv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm tus kab mob.

kev faib ntawm heterotrophic

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog muab faib ua 2 pab pawg - tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers. Cov yav tas yog zaum kawg link nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov saw, raws li muaj peev xwm hloov lub organic tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub mineral tshuaj. Konsumentami yog cov kab mob uas yog npaj los siv organic tebchaw uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm autotrophs tsis muaj lawv kawg hloov dua siab tshiab rau mineral residues.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog heterotrophs - nws saprophytes los yog cab. Saprophytes pub organic tebchaw uas twb tuag lawm cov kab mob. Qhov no feem ntau cov tsiaj, poov, pwm thiab nceb shlyapkovye, raws li zoo raws li cov kab mob uas ua rau fermentation thiab putrefaction.

Parasites pub rau organic tebchaw uas muaj sia nyob. Cov no muaj xws ib co protozoa, cab cua nab, yoov tshaj cum thiab zuam. Qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li cov kab mob, kab mob, cab cov nroj tsuag, heterotrophs (eg, mistletoe) thiab nceb-cab.

Fais fab heterotrophic kab mob

Los ntawm qhov uas muaj hwj chim heterotrophs yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, tseem muaj herbivorous los yog carnivorous hom, cab thiab txhom kab mob uas haus cov zaub mov raws li tuag cog fibers los yog tsiaj corpses, raws li zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv rau cov nws cov hwj huam yaj organic teeb meem.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kev heterotrophic kev noj haus, nws yuav tsum tau hais holozoic daim ntawv. Xws li ib tug khoom noj yog feem ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab muaj xws li nram qab no cov kauj ruam:

• Capturing cov zaub mov thiab nqos.
• Plab zom mov. Nws yuav cleavage ntawm cov organic molecules mus rau hauv me me hais tias yaj yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog muab sau hais tias ua ntej kis txhua yam sib tsoo khoom noj khoom haus (e.g., cov hniav), ua raws li los ntawm Raug tus kab mob rau tej digestive enzymes (tshuaj zom cov zaub mov).
• Suction. As-ham los yog sai li sai tau poob mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los yog mus rau hauv cov ntshav ua ntej thiab ces tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau nrog cev.
• Assimilation (assimilation). Nws yog kev siv ntawm cov as-ham.
• Feem - tshem qhov kawg pauv thiab undigested khoom noj.

Kab mob-saprotrophs

Raws li twb tau sau tseg, cov kab mob uas pub nyob rau hauv qhov tuag rov organic seem yog hu ua saprophytes. Rau kev zom lawv emit tsim nyog enzymes thiab ces nqus cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw tsim raws li ib tug ntawm xws li extracellular digestion. Nceb - heterotrophs, uas yog kev kawm mus rau ib tug saprophytic hom zaub mov - nws yog, piv txwv li, poov xab los fungi Mucor, Rhizppus. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab paim enzymes thiab nyias thiab branched mycelium muab ntau yam pauv loj nto haum. Yog li, qabzib yog lub pa txheej txheem thiab los xyuas kom meej fungi zog uas yog siv rau metabolic tshua. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias muaj ntau yam kab mob no kuj saprophytes.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau lub tebchaw uas yog tsim los ntawm cov saprophytes hwj chim, tsis absorbed los ntawm lawv. Cov tshuaj nkag mus rau ib puag ncig thiab ces yuav tau siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Uas yog vim li cas lub saprophytic ua si plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem.

Lub tswvyim ntawm symbiosis

Lub sij hawm "symbiosis" twb qhia los zaum De Bari, uas sau tseg hais tias muaj yog ib lub koom haum los yog ib tug nyob ze kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kab mob no ntawm ntau hom.

Yog li ntawd, muaj heterotrophic kab mob uas nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm herbivorous tsiaj zhuynyh. Lawv yog cov tau zom cellulose, noj nws. Cov kab mob tej zaum yuav ciaj sia nyob rau co kev zom thiab muab siab npuab cellulose rau yooj yim tebchaw uas party tsiaj yuav nws tus kheej zom thiab assimilate. Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm qhov no yuav tsum tau hu ua symbiotic nroj tsuag thiab cov hauv paus hniav nodules kab mob ntawm lub genus Rhizobium.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov coexistence ntawm txawv cov kab mob, nws yog tsim nyog los hais rau tshwm sim ntawm tsiaj muaj cab zoo. Yog hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm cov (cab) cov kev pab cuam los ntawm qhov no coexistence, lub lwm yam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm - tsuas yog raug mob (tus tswv). Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kab mob ua nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd leej twg nyob, tsis tsuas cov as-ham tab sis kuj tau txais rau nws ib qho chaw nkaum.

Parasites uas nyob rau sab nto ntawm tus tswv tsev yog hu ua ectoparasites (dev mub, mites los yog leeches). Lawv yog cov tsis tsuas ib tug cab txoj kev ua neej. Lub sab hauv yog obligate. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug cab (uas, piv txwv li, porcine tapeworm, Plasmodium los yog siab fluke).

Mus sum txog, nws muaj peev xwm yuav sib cav hais tias heterotrophs - yog tsis tshua muaj sab pab pawg neeg ntawm nyob quavntsej, uas tsis tsuas nrog txhua lwm yam, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm muaj kev cuam tshuam lwm cov kab mob no.